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Funk HM, Brooks JH, Detmer AE, Creech NN, Guy MP. Identification of Amino Acids in Trm734 Required for 2'- O-Methylation of the tRNA Phe Wobble Residue. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25063-25072. [PMID: 38882062 PMCID: PMC11170731 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
All organisms methylate their nucleic acids, and this methylation is critical for proper gene expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels. For proper translation in eukaryotes, 2'-O-methylation of C32 (Cm32) and G34 (Gm34) in the anticodon loop of tRNAPhe is critical, with defects in these modifications associated with human disease. In yeast, Cm32 is formed by an enzyme that consists of the methyltransferase Trm7 in complex with the auxiliary protein Trm732, and Gm34 is formed by an enzyme that consists of Trm7 in complex with Trm734. The role of Trm732 and Trm734 in tRNA modification is not fully understood, although previous studies have suggested that Trm734 is important for tRNA binding. In this report, we generated Trm734 variants and tested their ability to work with Trm7 to modify tRNAPhe. Using this approach, we identified several regions of amino acids that are important for Trm734 activity and/or stability. Based on the previously determined Trm7-Trm734 crystal structure, these crucial amino acids are near the active site of Trm7 and are not directly involved in Trm7-Trm734 protein-protein interactions. Immunoprecipitation experiments with these Trm734 variants and Trm7 confirm that these residues are not involved in Trm7-Trm734 binding. Further experiments should help determine if these residues are important for tRNA binding or have another role in the modification of the tRNA. Furthermore, our discovery of a nonfunctional, stable Trm734 variant will be useful in determining if the reported roles of Trm734 in other biological processes such as retromer processing and resistance to Ty1 transposition are due to tRNA modification defects or to other bona fide cellular roles of Trm734.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Funk
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Dorothy Westerman Herrmann Science Center (SC), Room 204F, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky 41076, United States of America
| | - Jennifer H Brooks
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Dorothy Westerman Herrmann Science Center (SC), Room 204F, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky 41076, United States of America
| | - Alisha E Detmer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Dorothy Westerman Herrmann Science Center (SC), Room 204F, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky 41076, United States of America
| | - Natalie N Creech
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Dorothy Westerman Herrmann Science Center (SC), Room 204F, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky 41076, United States of America
| | - Michael P Guy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Dorothy Westerman Herrmann Science Center (SC), Room 204F, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky 41076, United States of America
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2
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Yao Z, Gong Y, Chen W, Shao S, Song Y, Guo H, Li Q, Liu S, Wang X, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Xu Y, Wu Y, Wan Q, Zhao X, Xuan Q, Wang D, Lin X, Xu J, Liu J, Proud CG, Wang X, Yang R, Fu L, Niu S, Kong J, Gao L, Bo T, Zhao J. Upregulation of WDR6 drives hepatic de novo lipogenesis in insulin resistance in mice. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1706-1725. [PMID: 37735236 PMCID: PMC10590755 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Under normal conditions, insulin promotes hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL). However, during insulin resistance (IR), when insulin signalling is blunted and accompanied by hyperinsulinaemia, the promotion of hepatic DNL continues unabated and hepatic steatosis increases. Here, we show that WD40 repeat-containing protein 6 (WDR6) promotes hepatic DNL during IR. Mechanistically, WDR6 interacts with the beta-type catalytic subunit of serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 1 (PPP1CB) to facilitate PPP1CB dephosphorylation at Thr316, which subsequently enhances fatty acid synthases transcription through DNA-dependent protein kinase and upstream stimulatory factor 1. Using molecular dynamics simulation analysis, we find a small natural compound, XLIX, that inhibits the interaction of WDR6 with PPP1CB, thus reducing DNL in IR states. Together, these results reveal WDR6 as a promising target for the treatment of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Honglin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qihang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Institute of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Wan
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinya Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuhui Xuan
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Shaona Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Junjie Kong
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.
| | - Tao Bo
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China.
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3
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Liu W, Xie A, Xiong J, Li S, Yang L, Liu W. WDR3 promotes stem cell-like properties in prostate cancer by inhibiting USF2-mediated transcription of RASSF1A. J Gene Med 2023; 25:e3498. [PMID: 36905106 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WD repeat domain 3 (WDR3) is involved in tumor growth and proliferation, but its role in the pathological mechanism of prostate cancer (PCa) is still unclear. METHODS WDR3 gene expression levels were obtained by analyzing databases and our clinical specimens. The expression levels of genes and proteins were determined by a real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Cell-counting kit-8 assays were used to measure the proliferation of PCa cells. Cell transfection was used to investigate the role of WDR3 and USF2 in PCa. Fluorescence reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to detect USF2 binding to the promoter region of RASSF1A. Mouse experiments were used to confirm the mechanism in vivo. RESULTS By analyzing the database and our clinical specimens, we found that WDR3 expression was significantly increased in PCa tissues. Overexpression of WDR3 enhanced PCa cell proliferation, decreased cell apoptosis rate, increased spherical cell number and increased indicators of stem cell-like properties. However, these effects were reversed by WDR3 knockdown. WDR3 was negatively correlated with USF2, which was degraded by promoting ubiquitination of USF2, and USF2 interacted with promoter region-binding elements of RASSF1A to depress PCa stemness and growth. In vivo studies showed that WDR3 knockdown reduced tumor size and weight, reduced cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS WDR3 ubiquitinated USF2 and inhibited its stability, whereas USF2 interacted with promoter region-binding elements of RASSF1A. USF2 transcriptionally activated RASSF1A, which inhibited the carcinogenic effect of WDR3 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hexian Memorial Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - An Xie
- Jiangxi Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weipeng Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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4
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Zhang H, Chen G, Feng X, Song H, Meng L, Fu Y, Yang J, Fan Z, Ding Y, Du Z, Wang J, Yang L, Zhang J, Sun L, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Li Q, Fan X. Targeting WDxR motif reprograms immune microenvironment and inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e15924. [PMID: 36947051 PMCID: PMC10165360 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202215924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The WD-repeat (WDR) family affects carcinogenesis, but its role in the immune microenvironment is poorly characterized. Although functional loss or gain of WDR6 does not markedly change in vitro proliferative and invasive capacity of HCC cells, its deficiency in hepa1-6 cells drastically inhibits the growth and lung metastasis of orthotopically implanted tumors in immune-competent C57BL/6J mice. Mechanistically, WDR6 targets tumor suppressor UVRAG to the CUL4A-DDB1-ROC1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex through a unique WDxR motif and promotes its degradation. This upregulates chromatin accessibility at the TNFα locus by blocking autophagic degradation of p65, elevates intratumoral myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) number, and reduces CD8+ T cell infiltration, thereby promoting HCC progression. These immunosuppressive effects are reversed by TNFα blockade. TNFα recruits NF-κB to activate the transcription of WDR6, establishing a WDR6-TNFα loop. Clinically, the WDR6/UVRAG/NF-κB pathway is hyperactivated in HCC, predicting a poor prognosis. Importantly, a WDxR-like peptide disrupts the WDR6/UVRAG complex and enhances the efficiency of anti-PD-L1 against HCC with WDR6 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiang Ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xing Feng
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Huiwen Song
- Department of Cardiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingbing Meng
- Departments of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwen Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Youxiang Ding
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijie Du
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianchao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixia Sun
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The Affiliated Wuhu hospital of ECNU, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The Affiliated Wuhu hospital of ECNU, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Robert-Wood-Johnson Medical School University Hospital, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Quanhai Li
- Cell Therapy Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangshan Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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5
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Qin Q, Zheng P, Tu R, Huang J, Cao X. Integrated bioinformatics analysis for the identification of hub genes and signaling pathways related to circANRIL. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13135. [PMID: 35497183 PMCID: PMC9048645 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) is located on human chromosome 9p21, and modulation of ANRIL expression mediates susceptibility to some important human disease, including atherosclerosis (AS) and tumors, by affecting the cell cycle circANRIL and linear ANRIL are isoforms of ANRIL. However, it remains unclear whether these isoforms have distinct functions. In our research, we constructed a circANRIL overexpression plasmid, transfected it into HEK-293T cell line, and explored potential core genes and signaling pathways related to the important differential mechanisms between the circANRIL-overexpressing cell line and control cells through bioinformatics analysis. Methods Stable circANRIL-overexpressing (circANRIL-OE) HEK-293T cells and control cells were generated by infection with the circANRIL-OE lentiviral vector or a negative control vector, and successful transfection was confirmed by conventional flurescence microscopy and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Next, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between circANRIL-OE cells and control cells were detected. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) biological process (BP) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to explore the principal functions of the significant DEGs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network were constructed in Cytoscape to determine circularRNA (circRNA)- microRNA(miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA) interactions and hub genes, and qRT-PCR was used to verify changes in the expression of these identified target genes. Results The successful construction of circANRIL-OE cells was confirmed by plasmid sequencing, visualization with fluorescence microscopy and qRT-PCR. A total of 1745 DEGs between the circANRIL-OE group and control were identified, GO BP analysis showed that these genes were mostly related to RNA biosynthesis and processing, regulation of transcription and signal transduction. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that the up regulated DEGs were mainly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway. Five associated target genes were identified in the ceRNA network and biological function analyses. The mRNA levels of these five genes and ANRIL were detected by qRT-PCR, but only COL5A2 and WDR3 showed significantly different expression in circANRIL-OE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Pengfei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ronghui Tu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiegang Huang
- The School of Public Health, Guangxi medical university, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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MEKK1-dependent activation of the CRL4 complex is important for DNA damage-induced degradation of p21 and DDB2 and cell survival. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:e0008121. [PMID: 34251884 PMCID: PMC8462458 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00081-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cullin-4 ubiquitin ligase (CRL4) complexes are differentially composed and highly dynamic protein assemblies that control many biological processes including the global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) pathway. Here we identified the kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1) as a novel constitutive interactor of a cytosolic CRL4 complex that disassembles after DNA damage due to the Caspase-mediated cleavage of MEKK1. The kinase activity of MEKK1 was important to trigger auto-ubiquitination of the CRL4 complex by K48- and K63-linked ubiquitin chains. MEKK1 knockdown prohibited DNA damage-induced degradation of the CRL4 component DNA-damage binding protein 2 (DDB2) and the CRL4 substrate p21 and also cell recovery and survival. A ubiquitin replacement strategy revealed a contribution of K63-branched ubiquitin chains for DNA damage-induced DDB2/p21 decay, cell cycle regulation and cell survival. These data might have also implications for cancer, as frequently occurring mutations of MEKK1 might have an impact on genome stability and the therapeutic efficacy of CRL4-dependent immunomodulatory drugs such as thalidomide-derivatives.
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7
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Brown A, Meor Azlan NF, Wu Z, Zhang J. WNK-SPAK/OSR1-NCC kinase signaling pathway as a novel target for the treatment of salt-sensitive hypertension. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:508-517. [PMID: 32724175 PMCID: PMC8115323 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent health condition worldwide, affecting ~1 billion people. Gordon's syndrome is a form of secondary hypertension that can arise due to a number of possible mutations in key genes that encode proteins in a pathway containing the With No Lysine [K] (WNK) and its downstream target kinases, SPS/Ste20-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) and oxidative stress responsive kinase 1 (OSR1). This pathway regulates the activity of the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC), which is responsible for NaCl reabsorption in the distal nephron. Therefore, mutations in genes encoding proteins that regulate the NCC proteins disrupt ion homeostasis and cause hypertension by increasing NaCl reabsorption. Thiazide diuretics are currently the main treatment option for Gordon's syndrome. However, they have a number of side effects, and chronic usage can lead to compensatory adaptations in the nephron that counteract their action. Therefore, recent research has focused on developing novel inhibitory molecules that inhibit components of the WNK-SPAK/OSR1-NCC pathway, thereby reducing NaCl reabsorption and restoring normal blood pressure. In this review we provide an overview of the currently reported molecular inhibitors of the WNK-SPAK/OSR1-NCC pathway and discuss their potential as treatment options for Gordon's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archie Brown
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Nur Farah Meor Azlan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Zhijuan Wu
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
- Newcastle University Business School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4SE, UK
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK.
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, China.
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8
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Su W, Zhu S, Chen K, Yang H, Tian M, Fu Q, Shi G, Feng S, Ren D, Jin X, Yang C. Overexpressed WDR3 induces the activation of Hippo pathway by interacting with GATA4 in pancreatic cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:88. [PMID: 33648545 PMCID: PMC7923337 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WD repeat domain 3 (WDR3) is involved in a variety of cellular processes including gene regulation, cell cycle progression, signal transduction and apoptosis. However, the biological role of WDR3 in pancreatic cancer and the associated mechanism remains unclear. We seek to explore the immune-independent functions and relevant mechanism for WDR3 in pancreatic cancer. METHODS The GEPIA web tool was searched, and IHC assays were conducted to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of WDR3 in pancreatic cancer patients. MTS, colony formation, and transwell assays were conducted to determine the biological role of WDR3 in human cancer. Western blot analysis, RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of specific genes. An immunoprecipitation assay was used to explore protein-protein interactions. RESULTS Our study proved that overexpressed WDR3 was correlated with poor survival in pancreatic cancer and that WDR3 silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, WDR3 activated the Hippo signaling pathway by inducing yes association protein 1 (YAP1) expression, and the combination of WDR3 silencing and administration of the YAP1 inhibitor TED-347 had a synergistic inhibitory effect on the progression of pancreatic cancer. Finally, the upregulation of YAP1 expression induced by WDR3 was dependent on an interaction with GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4), the transcription factor of YAP1, which interaction induced the nuclear translocation of GATA4 in pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel mechanism by which WDR3 plays a critical role in promoting pancreatic cancer progression by activating the Hippo signaling pathway through the interaction with GATA4. Therefore, WDR3 is potentially a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Shikai Zhu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongji Yang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingwu Tian
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.,Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02148, USA
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Jack Bell Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Shijian Feng
- Jack Bell Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Dianyun Ren
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Chong Yang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China. .,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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Murillo-de-Ozores AR, Rodríguez-Gama A, Carbajal-Contreras H, Gamba G, Castañeda-Bueno M. WNK4 kinase: from structure to physiology. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F378-F403. [PMID: 33491560 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00634.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With no lysine kinase-4 (WNK4) belongs to a serine-threonine kinase family characterized by the atypical positioning of its catalytic lysine. Despite the fact that WNK4 has been found in many tissues, the majority of its study has revolved around its function in the kidney, specifically as a positive regulator of the thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. This is explained by the description of gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding WNK4 that causes familial hyperkalemic hypertension. This disease is mainly driven by increased downstream activation of the Ste20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich kinase/oxidative stress responsive kinase-1-NCC pathway, which increases salt reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and indirectly impairs renal K+ secretion. Here, we review the large volume of information that has accumulated about different aspects of WNK4 function. We first review the knowledge on WNK4 structure and enumerate the functional domains and motifs that have been characterized. Then, we discuss WNK4 physiological functions based on the information obtained from in vitro studies and from a diverse set of genetically modified mouse models with altered WNK4 function. We then review in vitro and in vivo evidence on the different levels of regulation of WNK4. Finally, we go through the evidence that has suggested how different physiological conditions act through WNK4 to modulate NCC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Rafael Murillo-de-Ozores
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Héctor Carbajal-Contreras
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.,Combined Studies Program in Medicine MD/PhD (PECEM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.,Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.,Combined Studies Program in Medicine MD/PhD (PECEM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico, Mexico
| | - María Castañeda-Bueno
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.,Combined Studies Program in Medicine MD/PhD (PECEM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico, Mexico
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