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Arnett LP, Rana R, Chung WWY, Li X, Abtahi M, Majonis D, Bassan J, Nitz M, Winnik MA. Reagents for Mass Cytometry. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1166-1205. [PMID: 36696538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mass cytometry (cytometry by time-of-flight detection [CyTOF]) is a bioanalytical technique that enables the identification and quantification of diverse features of cellular systems with single-cell resolution. In suspension mass cytometry, cells are stained with stable heavy-atom isotope-tagged reagents, and then the cells are nebulized into an inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ICP-TOF-MS) instrument. In imaging mass cytometry, a pulsed laser is used to ablate ca. 1 μm2 spots of a tissue section. The plume is then transferred to the CyTOF, generating an image of biomarker expression. Similar measurements are possible with multiplexed ion bean imaging (MIBI). The unit mass resolution of the ICP-TOF-MS detector allows for multiparametric analysis of (in principle) up to 130 different parameters. Currently available reagents, however, allow simultaneous measurement of up to 50 biomarkers. As new reagents are developed, the scope of information that can be obtained by mass cytometry continues to increase, particularly due to the development of new small molecule reagents which enable monitoring of active biochemistry at the cellular level. This review summarizes the history and current state of mass cytometry reagent development and elaborates on areas where there is a need for new reagents. Additionally, this review provides guidelines on how new reagents should be tested and how the data should be presented to make them most meaningful to the mass cytometry user community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loryn P Arnett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Rahul Rana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Wilson Wai-Yip Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Xiaochong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mahtab Abtahi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Daniel Majonis
- Standard BioTools Canada Inc. (formerly Fluidigm Canada Inc.), 1380 Rodick Road, Suite 400, Markham, OntarioL3R 4G5, Canada
| | - Jay Bassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 200 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
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Nazarova A, Khannanov A, Boldyrev A, Yakimova L, Stoikov I. Self-Assembling Systems Based on Pillar[5]arenes and Surfactants for Encapsulation of Diagnostic Dye DAPI. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6038. [PMID: 34204914 PMCID: PMC8199762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report the development of the novel self-assembling systems based on oppositely charged Pillar[5]arenes and surfactants for encapsulation of diagnostic dye DAPI. For this purpose, the aggregation behavior of synthesized macrocycles and surfactants in the presence of Pillar[5]arenes functionalized by carboxy and ammonium terminal groups was studied. It has been demonstrated that by varying the molar ratio in Pillar[5]arene-surfactant systems, it is possible to obtain various types of supramolecular systems: host-guest complexes at equimolar ratio of Pillar[5]arene-surfactant and interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs) are self-assembled materials formed in aqueous medium by two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes (macrocycle and surfactant micelles). It has been suggested that interaction of Pillar[5]arenes with surfactants is predominantly driven by cooperative electrostatic interactions. Synthesized stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric IPECs specifically interact with DAPI. UV-vis, luminescent spectroscopy and molecular docking data show the structural feature of dye-loaded IPEC and key role of the electrostatic, π-π-stacking, cation-π interactions in their formation. Such a strategy for the design of supramolecular Pillar[5]arene-surfactant systems will lead to a synergistic interaction of the two components and will allow specific interaction with the third component (drug or fluorescent tag), which will certainly be in demand in pharmaceuticals and biomedical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luidmila Yakimova
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.N.); (A.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov’ Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.N.); (A.K.); (A.B.)
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