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Steinke SJ, Dunbar MN, Amalfi Suarez MA, Turro C. Ru(II) Complexes with Absorption in the Photodynamic Therapy Window: 1O 2 Sensitization, DNA Binding, and Plasmid DNA Photocleavage. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11450-11458. [PMID: 38823006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Two Ru(II) complexes, [Ru(pydppn)(bim)(py)]2+ [2; pydppn = 3-(pyrid-2'-yl)-4,5,9,16-tetraaza-dibenzo[a,c]naphthacene; bim = 2,2'-bisimidazole; py = pyridine] and [Ru(pydppn)(Me4bim)(py)]2+ [3; Me4bim = 2,2'-bis(4,5-dimethylimidazole)], were synthesized and characterized, and their photophysical properties, DNA binding, and photocleavage were evaluated and compared to [Ru(pydppn)(bpy)(py)]2+ (1; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). Complexes 2 and 3 exhibit broad 1MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) transitions with maxima at ∼470 nm and shoulders at ∼525 and ∼600 nm that extend to ∼800 nm. These bands are red-shifted relative to those of 1, attributed to the π-donating ability of the bim and Me4bim ligands. A strong signal at 550 nm is observed in the transient absorption spectra of 1-3, previously assigned as arising from a pydppn-centered 3ππ* state, with lifetimes of ∼19 μs for 1 and 2 and ∼270 ns for 3. A number of methods were used to characterize the mode of binding of 1-3 to DNA, including absorption titrations, thermal denaturation, relative viscosity changes, and circular dichroism, all of which point to the intercalation of the pydpppn ligand between the nucleobases. The photocleavage of plasmid pUC19 DNA was observed upon the irradiation of 1-3 with visible and red light, attributed to the sensitized generation of 1O2 by the complexes. These findings indicate that the bim ligand, together with pydppn, serves to shift the absorption of Ru(II) complexes to the photodynamic therapy window, 600-900 nm, and also extend the excited state lifetimes for the efficient production of cytotoxic singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J Steinke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Marilyn N Dunbar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - M Agustina Amalfi Suarez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Zhang H, Cui M, Tang D, Wang B, Liang G, Xu C, Xiao H. Localization of Cancer Cells for Subsequent Robust Photodynamic Therapy by ROS Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles With Anti-Metastasis Complexes NAMI-A. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310298. [PMID: 38145801 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a new type of light-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) cancer therapy, has the advantages of high therapeutic efficiency, non-resistance, and less trauma than traditional cancer therapy such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, oxygen-dependent PDT further exacerbates tumor metastasis. To this end, a strategy that circumvents tumor metastasis to improve the therapeutic efficacy of PDT is proposed. Herein, a near-infrared light-activated photosensitive polymer is synthesized and branched the anti-metastatic ruthenium complex NAMI-A on the side, which is further assembled to form nanoparticles (NP2) for breast cancer therapy. NP2 can kill tumor cells by generating ROS under 808 nm radiation (NP2 + L), reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2/9) in cancer cells, decrease the invasive and migration capacity of cancer cells, and eliminate cancer cells. Further animal experiments show that NP2 + L can inhibit tumor growth and reduce liver and lung metastases. In addition, NP2 + L can activate the immune system in mice to avoid tumor recurrence. In conclusion, a PDT capable of both preventing tumor metastasis and precisely hitting the primary tumor to achieve effective treatment of highly metastatic cancers is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Minhui Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ganghao Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Herrera-Ramírez P, Berger SA, Josa D, Aguilà D, Caballero AB, Fontova P, Soto-Cerrato V, Martínez M, Gamez P. Steric hindrance, ligand ejection and associated photocytotoxic properties of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:403-420. [PMID: 37059909 PMCID: PMC10149480 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-01998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Two ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes were prepared with the {Ru(phen)2}2+ moiety and a third sterically non-hindering bidentate ligand, namely 2,2'-dipyridylamine (dpa) and N-benzyl-2,2'-dipyridylamine (Bndpa). Hence, complexes [Ru(phen)2(dpa)](PF6)2 (1) and [Ru(phen)2(Bndpa)](PF6)2 (2) were characterized and their photochemical behaviour in solution (acetonitrile and water) was subsequently investigated. Compounds 1 and 2, which do not exhibit notably distorted octahedral coordination environments, contrarily to the homoleptic "parent" compound [Ru(phen)3](PF6)2, experience two-step photoejection of the dpa and Bndpa ligand upon irradiation (1050-430 nm) for several hours. DNA-binding studies revealed that compounds 1 and 2 affect the biomolecule differently upon irradiation; while 2 solely modifies its electrophoretic mobility, complex 1 is also capable of cleaving it. In vitro cytotoxicity studies with two cancer-cell lines, namely A549 (lung adenocarcinoma) and A375 (melanoma), showed that both 1 and 2 are not toxic in the dark, while only 1 is significantly cytotoxic if irradiated, 2 remaining non-toxic under these conditions. Light irradiation of the complex cation [Ru(phen)2(dpa)]2+ leads to the generation of transient Ru species that is present in the solution medium for several hours, and that is significantly cytotoxic, ultimately producing non-toxic free dpa and [Ru(phen)(OH2)2]2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piedad Herrera-Ramírez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Alina Berger
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dana Josa
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Aguilà
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana B Caballero
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Fontova
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Burgos, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Vanessa Soto-Cerrato
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus Bellvitge, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Patrick Gamez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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He X, Chen J, Kandawa-Shultz M, Shao G, Wang Y. In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of novel half-sandwich ruthenium complexes containing quinoline derivative ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4728-4736. [PMID: 36942609 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03317h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of half-sandwich ruthenium complexes containing quinoline derivative ligands was synthesized, which had excellent antitumor toxicity toward a variety of cell lines and could localize lysosomes. The damage of lysosomes promotes the release of cathepsin B and initiates downstream apoptotic cascade signals. The increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) synergistically amplified the damage degree of lysosomes. In addition, the complex could inhibit cell transfer and clone formation. In vivo results showed that the complex had excellent biological effects in tested mouse samples as the body weight of mice did not change much during the treatment, and the mean tumor volume was significantly lower than the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Martha Kandawa-Shultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, Windhoek 13301, Namibia
| | - Guoqiang Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yihong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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Combination of light and Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes: Recent advances in the development of new anticancer drugs. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Vinck R, Karges J, Tharaud M, Cariou K, Gasser G. Physical, spectroscopic, and biological properties of ruthenium and osmium photosensitizers bearing diversely substituted 4,4'-di(styryl)-2,2'-bipyridine ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14629-14639. [PMID: 34581373 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02083h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Capitalising on the previous identification of a distyryl coordinated Ru(II) polypyridine complex as a promising photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy, eight new complexes were synthesized by modifications of the ligands or by changing the metal coordinated. We report in this work the effects of these modifications on the physical, spectroscopic, and biological properties of the synthesized complexes. Subtle structural modifications of the distyryl ligand only had a moderate effect on the corresponding complexes' visible light absorption and singlet oxygen quantum yield. These modifications however had a significant effect on the lipophilicity, the cellular uptake and the phototoxicity of the complexes. Although the lipophilicity of the complexes had a somewhat expected effect on their cellular uptake, this last parameter could not be directly correlated to their phototoxicity, revealing other underlying phenomena. Overall, this work allowed identification of two promising ruthenium complexes as photosensitisers for photodynamic therapy and provides some guidance on how to design better photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Vinck
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Johannes Karges
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Mickaël Tharaud
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Biogéochimie à l'Anthropocène des Eléments et Contaminants Emergents, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kevin Cariou
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
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