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Zhao Z, Fan C, Chen F, Sun Y, Xia Y, Ji A, Wang DA. Progress in Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering: A Review on Therapeutic Cells and Macromolecular Scaffolds. Macromol Biosci 2019; 20:e1900278. [PMID: 31800166 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Repair and regeneration of articular cartilage lesions have always been a major challenge in the medical field due to its peculiar structure (e.g., sparsely distributed chondrocytes, no blood supply, no nerves). Articular cartilage tissue engineering is considered as one promising strategy to achieve reconstruction of cartilage. With this perspective, the articular cartilage tissue engineering has been widely studied. Here, the recent progress of articular cartilage tissue engineering is reviewed. The ad hoc therapeutic cells and growth factors for cartilage regeneration are summarized and discussed. Various types of bio/macromolecular scaffolds together with their pros and cons are also reviewed and elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Zhao
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Changjiang Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.,Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yutai Sun
- School of Information Engineering, Shandong Vocational College of Science & Technology, Weifang, 261053, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Xia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Aiyu Ji
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dong-An Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR
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Hu N, Gao Y, Jayasuriya CT, Liu W, Du H, Ding J, Feng M, Chen Q. Chondrogenic induction of human osteoarthritic cartilage-derived mesenchymal stem cells activates mineralization and hypertrophic and osteogenic gene expression through a mechanomiR. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:167. [PMID: 31287025 PMCID: PMC6615283 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) are established sources for stem cell-based cartilage repair therapy, articular cartilage-derived mesenchymal stem cells from osteoarthritis patients (OA-MSC) are new and potentially attractive candidates. We compared OA-MSC and BMSC in chondrogenic potentials, gene expression, and regulation by miR-365, a mechanical-responsive microRNA in cartilage (Guan et al., FASEB J 25: 4457-4466, 2011). METHODS To overcome the limited number of OA-MSC, a newly established human OA-MSC cell line (Jayasuriya et al., Sci Rep 8: 7044, 2018) was utilized for analysis and comparison to BMSC. Chondrogenesis was induced by the chondrogenic medium in monolayer cell culture. After chondrogenic induction, chondrogenesis and mineralization were assessed by Alcian blue and Alizarin red staining respectively. MiRNA and mRNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR while protein levels were determined by western blot analysis at different time points. Immunohistochemistry was performed with cartilage-specific miR-365 over-expression transgenic mice. RESULTS Upon chondrogenic induction, OA-MSC underwent rapid chondrogenesis in comparison to BMSC as shown by Alcian blue staining and activation of ACAN and COL2A1 gene expression. Chondrogenic induction also activated mineralization and the expression of hypertrophic and osteogenic genes in OA-MSC while only hypertrophic genes were activated in BMSC. MiR-365 expression was activated by chondrogenic induction in both OA-MSC and BMSC. Transfection of miR-365 in OA-MSC induced chondrogenic, hypertrophic, and osteogenic genes expression while miR-365 inhibition suppressed the expression of these genes. Over-expression of miR-365 upregulated markers of OA-MSC and hypertrophy and increased OA scores in adult mouse articular cartilage. CONCLUSIONS Induction of chondrogenesis can activate mineralization, hypertrophic, and osteogenic genes in OA-MSC. MiR-365 appears to be a master regulator of these differentiation processes in OA-MSC during OA pathogenesis. These findings have important implications for cartilage repair therapy using cartilage derived stem cells from OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Chathuraka T Jayasuriya
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Wenguang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.,Bone and Joint Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Meng Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.,Bone and Joint Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived from Articular Cartilage, Synovial Membrane and Synovial Fluid for Cartilage Regeneration: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:575-586. [PMID: 28721683 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Large articular cartilage defects remain an immense challenge in the field of regenerative medicine because of their poor intrinsic repair capacity. Currently, the available medical interventions can relieve clinical symptoms to some extent, but fail to repair the cartilaginous injuries with authentic hyaline cartilage. There has been a surge of interest in developing cell-based therapies, focused particularly on the use of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells with or without scaffolds. Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells are promising graft cells for tissue regeneration, but the most suitable source of cells for cartilage repair remains controversial. The tissue origin of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells notably influences the biological properties and therapeutic potential. It is well known that mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from synovial joint tissues exhibit superior chondrogenic ability compared with those derived from non-joint tissues; thus, these cell populations are considered ideal sources for cartilage regeneration. In addition to the progress in research and promising preclinical results, many important research questions must be answered before widespread success in cartilage regeneration is achieved. This review outlines the biology of stem/progenitor cells derived from the articular cartilage, the synovial membrane, and the synovial fluid, including their tissue distribution, function and biological characteristics. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical trials focusing on their applications for cartilage regeneration are summarized, and future research perspectives are discussed.
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Suchorska WM, Augustyniak E, Richter M, Trzeciak T. Gene expression profile in human induced pluripotent stem cells: Chondrogenic differentiation in vitro, part A. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2387-2401. [PMID: 28447755 PMCID: PMC5428238 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer promise in regenerative medicine, however more data are required to improve understanding of key aspects of the cell differentiation process, including how specific chondrogenic processes affect the gene expression profile of chondrocyte-like cells and the relative value of cell differentiation markers. The main aims of the present study were as follows: To determine the gene expression profile of chondrogenic-like cells derived from hiPSCs cultured in mediums conditioned with HC-402-05a cells or supplemented with transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3), and to assess the relative utility of the most commonly used chondrogenic markers as indicators of cell differentiation. These issues are relevant with regard to the use of human fibroblasts in the reprogramming process to obtain hiPSCs. Human fibroblasts are derived from the mesoderm and thus share a wide range of properties with chondrocytes, which also originate from the mesenchyme. Thus, the exclusion of dedifferentiation instead of chondrogenic differentiation is crucial. The hiPSCs were obtained from human primary dermal fibroblasts during a reprogramming process. Two methods, both involving embryoid bodies (EB), were used to obtain chondrocytes from the hiPSCs: EBs formed in a chondrogenic medium supplemented with TGF-β3 (10 ng/ml) and EBs formed in a medium conditioned with growth factors from HC-402-05a cells. Based on immunofluorescence and reverse transcription-quantiative polymerase chain reaction analysis, the results indicated that hiPSCs have the capacity for effective chondrogenic differentiation, in particular cells differentiated in the HC-402-05a-conditioned medium, which present morphological features and markers that are characteristic of mature human chondrocytes. By contrast, cells differentiated in the presence of TGF-β3 may demonstrate hypertrophic characteristics. Several genes [paired box 9, sex determining region Y-box (SOX) 5, SOX6, SOX9 and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein] were demonstrated to be good markers of early hiPSC chondrogenic differentiation: Insulin-like growth factor 1, Tenascin-C, and β-catenin were less valuable. These observations provide valuable data on the use of hiPSCs in cartilage tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewelina Augustyniak
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61‑866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Richter
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61‑545 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Trzeciak
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61‑545 Poznan, Poland
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Wang M, Yuan Z, Ma N, Hao C, Guo W, Zou G, Zhang Y, Chen M, Gao S, Peng J, Wang A, Wang Y, Sui X, Xu W, Lu S, Liu S, Guo Q. Advances and Prospects in Stem Cells for Cartilage Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4130607. [PMID: 28246531 PMCID: PMC5299204 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4130607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The histological features of cartilage call attention to the fact that cartilage has a little capacity to repair itself owing to the lack of a blood supply, nerves, or lymphangion. Stem cells have emerged as a promising option in the field of cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and could lead to cartilage repair. Much research has examined cartilage regeneration utilizing stem cells. However, both the potential and the limitations of this procedure remain controversial. This review presents a summary of emerging trends with regard to using stem cells in cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In particular, it focuses on the characterization of cartilage stem cells, the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells, and the various strategies and approaches involving stem cells that have been used in cartilage repair and clinical studies. Based on the research into chondrocyte and stem cell technologies, this review discusses the damage and repair of cartilage and the clinical application of stem cells, with a view to increasing our systematic understanding of the application of stem cells in cartilage regeneration; additionally, several advanced strategies for cartilage repair are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chunxiang Hao
- Anesthesiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Weimin Guo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Gengyi Zou
- Medical College, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mingxue Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Center for Biomedical Material and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Aiyuan Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiang Sui
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shibi Lu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
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Rush ET, Goodwin JL, Braverman NE, Rizzo WB. Low bone mineral density is a common feature of Zellweger spectrum disorders. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 117:33-7. [PMID: 26643206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Zellweger Spectrum Disorders (ZSDs) have impaired peroxisome biogenesis and severe, multisystem disease. Although the neurologic symptoms of ZSD tend to be the most prominent, patients also have hepatic, renal and adrenal impairment. Little is known about bone health in patients with ZSD, particularly those with mild or moderate presentation. We investigated 13 ZSD patients who had strikingly abnormal bone mineral density for age. DXA scans showed mean lumbar and femoral neck Z-scores of -3.2. There were no major differences between ambulatory and nonambulatory patients, and no biochemical abnormalities consistent with rickets or vitamin D deficiency were seen. Cyclic bisphosphonate therapy in one ZSD patient was successfully used to increase in bone mineral density. Although the etiology of bone disease in this condition is unknown, we speculate that altered signaling through the PPARγ pathway or deficient plasmalogens in patients with ZSD disrupts osteogenesis, resulting in poor bone formation and poor mineralization. Further investigation into the pathogenic mechanisms of bone disease in ZSD and the role of peroxisomal metabolism in osteogenesis may yield insights into the pathology of bone disease and suggest novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Rush
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Departments of Internal Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nancy E Braverman
- Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William B Rizzo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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