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Leonel ECR, Ruiz TFR, Bedolo CM, Campos SGP, Taboga SR. Inflammatory repercussions in female steroid responsive glands after perinatal exposure to bisphenol A and 17-β estradiol. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2264-2274. [PMID: 34288236 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland (MG) and female prostate are plastic reproductive organs which are highly responsive to hormones. Thus, endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and exogenous estrogens, negatively affect glandular homeostasis. In addition to previously described alterations, changes in inflammatory markers expression also trigger the development of a microenvironment that contributes to tumor progression. The current work aimed to evaluate the inflammatory responses of the MG and prostate gland to BPA (50 µg/kg) and 17-β estradiol (35 µg/kg) exposure during the perinatal window of susceptibility. The results showed that at 6 months of age there was an increase in the number of phospho-STAT3 (P-STAT3) positive cells in the female prostate from animals perinatally exposed to 50 µg/kg BPA daily. In addition, the number of macrophages increased in these animals in comparison with nonexposed animals, as shown by the F4/80 marker. Despite an increase in the incidence of lobuloalveolar and intraductal hyperplasia, the MG did not show any difference in the expression of the four inflammatory markers evaluated: tumor necrosis factor-α, COX-2, P-STAT3, and F4/80. Analysis of both glands from the same animal led to the conclusion that exposure to endocrine disruptors during the perinatal window of susceptibility leads to different inflammatory responses in different reproductive organs. As the prostate is more susceptible to these inflammatory mechanisms, it is reasonable to affirm that possible neoplastic alterations in this organ are related to changes in the inflammatory pattern of the stroma, a characteristic that is not evident in the MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- Department of Biology, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Histology, Embriology, and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB III), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thalles Fernando Rocha Ruiz
- Department of Biology, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Marques Bedolo
- Department of Biology, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Gisele Pegorin Campos
- Department of Biology, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Maldarine JS, Sanches BDA, Santos VA, Cabral ÁS, Lima MLD, Bedolo CM, Calmon MF, Rahal P, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Postnatal exposure to finasteride causes different effects on the prostate of male and female gerbils. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1341-1352. [PMID: 32100915 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development and maintenance of prostate function depend on a fine balance between oestrogen and androgen levels. Finasteride inhibits 5α-reductase, which is responsible for the conversion of testosterone into its most active form, dihydrotestosterone. Enzymes that metabolize these hormones have a highly relevant role in both the normal prostate metabolism and in the occurrence of pathological conditions. There are few studies on the impact of finasteride on male prostate development and fewer studies on the female prostate and possible intersexual differences. Therefore, we treated male and female gerbils from 7 to 14 days in postnatal life with a high dose of finasteride (500 μg/kg/day); the prostate complexes were then removed and submitted to immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and three-dimensional reconstruction. In addition, hormonal serum dosages were administered. Treatment with finasteride resulted in an increased thickness of the periductal smooth musculature in the prostate of both male and female gerbils, such as well as a reduction in the thickness of developing prostate alveoli in both sexes. In addition, intersexual differences were observed as increased epithelial proliferation and decreases in the number of developing alveoli in females. Together, the data indicate that postnatal exposure to finasteride causes greater changes in the female gerbil prostate than in the male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand RusseLl Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand RusseLl Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitória A Santos
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Ágata S Cabral
- Laboratory of Genome Studies, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Maria L D Lima
- Laboratory of Genome Studies, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Carolina M Bedolo
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Marília F Calmon
- Laboratory of Genome Studies, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratory of Genome Studies, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand RusseLl Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
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3
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Sanches BDA, Carvalho HF, Maldarine JS, Biancardi MF, Santos FCA, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Differences between male and female prostates in terms of physiology, sensitivity to chemicals and pathogenesis-A review in a rodent model. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:27-35. [PMID: 31393043 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The prostate is a gland that is not exclusively present in males, being also found in females of several mammalian species, including humans. There is evidence that the prostate in both sexes is affected by the same pathologies such as prostatitis, benign alterations and even cancer. In view of the difficulties of manipulating the prostate gland, the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), a rodent species with high incidence of functional prostates in females, is widely used in studies of the female prostate. However, despite knowing much about the similarities between the female and male prostate, little emphasis has been placed on the differences between them. This review investigates the intersex differences in prostate development, physiology and pathogenesis. The female prostate develops earlier than in males and studies indicate that it is more sensitive to oestrogens than the male prostate, as well as being more sensitive to exposure to xenoestrogens, such as Bisphenol A and methylparaben, with a higher susceptibility to benign lesions in the adult and senile prostate than in males. In addition, the female prostate is impacted by pregnancy and the oestrous cycle, and is also dependent on progesterone. The peculiarities of the female prostate raise concerns about the risk of it undergoing neglected changes as a result of environmental chemicals, since safe dosages are established exclusively for the male prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel F Biancardi
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Carvalho HF, Taboga SR, Felisbino SL, Biancardi MF. Prostate epithelium basement membrane and prostate cell biology: 20 years. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:1170-1173. [PMID: 28755475 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- IBILCE, Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luis Felisbino
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel F Biancardi
- Department of Histology, Embryology, and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, GO, Brazil
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