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Zhu S, Chen W, Masson A, Li YP. Cell signaling and transcriptional regulation of osteoblast lineage commitment, differentiation, bone formation, and homeostasis. Cell Discov 2024; 10:71. [PMID: 38956429 PMCID: PMC11219878 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The initiation of osteogenesis primarily occurs as mesenchymal stem cells undergo differentiation into osteoblasts. This differentiation process plays a crucial role in bone formation and homeostasis and is regulated by two intricate processes: cell signal transduction and transcriptional gene expression. Various essential cell signaling pathways, including Wnt, BMP, TGF-β, Hedgehog, PTH, FGF, Ephrin, Notch, Hippo, and Piezo1/2, play a critical role in facilitating osteoblast differentiation, bone formation, and bone homeostasis. Key transcriptional factors in this differentiation process include Runx2, Cbfβ, Runx1, Osterix, ATF4, SATB2, and TAZ/YAP. Furthermore, a diverse array of epigenetic factors also plays critical roles in osteoblast differentiation, bone formation, and homeostasis at the transcriptional level. This review provides an overview of the latest developments and current comprehension concerning the pathways of cell signaling, regulation of hormones, and transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the commitment and differentiation of osteoblast lineage, as well as in bone formation and maintenance of homeostasis. The paper also reviews epigenetic regulation of osteoblast differentiation via mechanisms, such as histone and DNA modifications. Additionally, we summarize the latest developments in osteoblast biology spurred by recent advancements in various modern technologies and bioinformatics. By synthesizing these insights into a comprehensive understanding of osteoblast differentiation, this review provides further clarification of the mechanisms underlying osteoblast lineage commitment, differentiation, and bone formation, and highlights potential new therapeutic applications for the treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhu
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Alasdair Masson
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Lu Y, Pei Y, Gao Y, Zhao F, Wang L, Zhang Y. Unraveling the genetic basis of the causal association between inflammatory cytokines and osteonecrosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1344917. [PMID: 38745949 PMCID: PMC11091469 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1344917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported that the occurrence and development of osteonecrosis is closely associated with immune-inflammatory responses. Mendelian randomization was performed to further assess the causal correlation between 41 inflammatory cytokines and osteonecrosis. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization utilized genetic variants for osteonecrosis from a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 606 cases and 209,575 controls of European ancestry. Another analysis included drug-induced osteonecrosis with 101 cases and 218,691 controls of European ancestry. Inflammatory cytokines were sourced from a GWAS abstract involving 8,293 healthy participants. The causal relationship between exposure and outcome was primarily explored using an inverse variance weighting approach. Multiple sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger, weighted median, simple model, weighted model, and MR-PRESSO, were concurrently applied to bolster the final results. Results The results showed that bFGF, IL-2 and IL2-RA were clinically causally associated with the risk of osteonecrosis (OR=1.942, 95% CI=1.13-3.35, p=0.017; OR=0.688, 95% CI=0.50-0.94, p=0.021; OR=1.386, 95% CI=1.04-1.85, p = 0.026). there was a causal relationship between SCF and drug-related osteonecrosis (OR=3.356, 95% CI=1.09-10.30, p=0.034). Conclusion This pioneering Mendelian randomization study is the first to explore the causal link between osteonecrosis and 41 inflammatory cytokines. It conclusively establishes a causal association between osteonecrosis and bFGF, IL-2, and IL-2RA. These findings offer valuable insights into osteonecrosis pathogenesis, paving the way for effective clinical management. The study suggests bFGF, IL-2, and IL-2RA as potential therapeutic targets for osteonecrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Research Center, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Pei
- Department of Orthopedic Research Center, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - YiMing Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Research Center, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - FeiFei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Research Center, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Research Center, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Wang L, Pan Y, Liu M, Sun J, Yun L, Tu P, Wu C, Yu Z, Han Z, Li M, Guo Y, Ma Y. Wen-Shen-Tong-Luo-Zhi-Tong Decoction regulates bone-fat balance in osteoporosis by adipocyte-derived exosomes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:568-580. [PMID: 36999351 PMCID: PMC10071966 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2190773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Wen-Shen-Tong-Luo-Zhi-Tong (WSTLZT) Decoction is a Chinese prescription with antiosteoporosis effects, especially in patients with abnormal lipid metabolism. OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanism of WSTLZT on osteoporosis (OP) through adipocyte-derived exosomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adipocyte-derived exosomes with or without WSTLZT treated were identified by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and western blotting (WB). Co-culture experiments for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and exosomes were performed to examine the uptake and effect of exosome in osteogenesis and adipogenic differentiation of BMSC. MicroRNA profiles, luciferase and IP were used for exploring specific mechanisms of exosome on BMSC. In vivo, 80 Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, Ovx, Exo (30 μg exosomes), Exo-WSTLZT (30 μg WSTLZT-exosomes), tail vein injection every week. After 12 weeks, the bone microstructure and marrow fat distribution were analysed by micro-CT. RESULTS ALP, Alizarin red and Oil red staining showed that WSTLZT-induced exosomes from adipocyte can regulate osteoblastic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSC. MicroRNA profiles observed that WSTLZT treatment resulted in 87 differentially expressed miRNAs (p < 0.05). MiR-122-5p with the greatest difference was screened by q-PCR (p < 0.01). The target relationship between miR-122-5p and SPRY2 was tested by luciferase and IP. MiR-122-5p negatively regulated SPRY2 and elevated the activity of MAPK signalling pathway, thereby regulating the osteoblastic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSC. In vivo, exosomes can not only improve bone microarchitecture but also significantly reduce accumulation of bone marrow adipose. CONCLUSIONS WSTLZT can exert anti-OP effect through SPRY2 via the MAKP signalling by miR-122-5p carried by adipocyte-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Wang
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Chinese Medicine Centre (International Collaboration between Western Sydney University and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine), Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yalan Pan
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- TCM Nursing Intervention Laboratory of Chronic Disease Key Laboratory, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengmig Liu
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Yun
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengjie Wu
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziceng Yu
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhitao Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Muzhe Li
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Kamptner AZM, Mayer CE, Sutterlüty H. Sprouty3, but Not Sprouty1, Expression Is Beneficial for the Malignant Potential of Osteosarcoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111944. [PMID: 34769378 PMCID: PMC8585105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprouty proteins are widely accepted modulators of receptor tyrosine kinase-associated pathways and fulfill diversified roles in cancerogenesis dependent on the originating cells. In this study we detected a high expression of Sprouty3 in osteosarcoma-derived cells and addressed the question of whether Sprouty3 and Sprouty1 influence the malignant phenotype of this bone tumor entity. By using adenoviruses, the Sprouty proteins were expressed in two different cell lines and their influence on cellular behavior was assessed. Growth curve analyses and Scratch assays revealed that Sprouty3 accelerates cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, more colonies were grown in Soft agar if the cells express Sprouty3. In parallel, Sprouty1 had no significant effect on the measured endpoints of the study in osteosarcoma-derived cells. The promotion of the tumorigenic capacities in the presence of Sprouty3 coincided with an increased activation of signaling as measured by evaluating the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). Ectopic expression of a mutated Sprouty3 protein, in which the tyrosine necessary for its activation was substituted, resulted in inhibited migration of the treated cells. Our findings identify Sprouty3 as a candidate for a tumor promoter in osteosarcoma.
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Novais A, Chatzopoulou E, Chaussain C, Gorin C. The Potential of FGF-2 in Craniofacial Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040932. [PMID: 33920587 PMCID: PMC8073160 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a hard-vascularized tissue, which renews itself continuously to adapt to the mechanical and metabolic demands of the body. The craniofacial area is prone to trauma and pathologies that often result in large bone damage, these leading to both aesthetic and functional complications for patients. The "gold standard" for treating these large defects is autologous bone grafting, which has some drawbacks including the requirement for a second surgical site with quantity of bone limitations, pain and other surgical complications. Indeed, tissue engineering combining a biomaterial with the appropriate cells and molecules of interest would allow a new therapeutic approach to treat large bone defects while avoiding complications associated with a second surgical site. This review first outlines the current knowledge of bone remodeling and the different signaling pathways involved seeking to improve our understanding of the roles of each to be able to stimulate or inhibit them. Secondly, it highlights the interesting characteristics of one growth factor in particular, FGF-2, and its role in bone homeostasis, before then analyzing its potential usefulness in craniofacial bone tissue engineering because of its proliferative, pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic effects depending on its spatial-temporal use, dose and mode of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Novais
- Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, Université de Paris, URP2496, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (A.N.); (E.C.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP Département d’Odontologie, Services d’odontologie, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Henri Mondor, Paris Nord, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Eirini Chatzopoulou
- Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, Université de Paris, URP2496, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (A.N.); (E.C.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP Département d’Odontologie, Services d’odontologie, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Henri Mondor, Paris Nord, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France
- Département de Parodontologie, Université de Paris, UFR Odontologie-Garancière, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, Université de Paris, URP2496, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (A.N.); (E.C.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP Département d’Odontologie, Services d’odontologie, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Henri Mondor, Paris Nord, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Gorin
- Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, Université de Paris, URP2496, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (A.N.); (E.C.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP Département d’Odontologie, Services d’odontologie, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Henri Mondor, Paris Nord, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +33-(0)1-5807-6724
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Liu Y, Li S, Liu Y, Lv X, Zhou Q. MicroRNA-124 facilitates lens epithelial cell apoptosis by inhibiting SPRY2 and MMP-2. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:381. [PMID: 33760112 PMCID: PMC7986009 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related cataract (ARC) is the primary cause of blindness worldwide. Abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) has been reported to be associated with multiple diseases, including ARC. However, the potential role of miR-124 in ARC remains unclear. The present study used the human lens epithelial cell line, SRA01/04, to investigate the potential role of miR-124 in ARC. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of miR-124, protein sprouty homolog 2 (SPRY2) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in ARC tissues, while western blotting was performed to detect the protein levels of SPRY2 and MMP-2. Cell viability and apoptosis of SRA01/04 cells were assessed via Cell Counting Kit-8 and TUNEL assays, respectively. The interaction between miR-124 and SPRY2 or MMP-2 was confirmed via the dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. The results of the present study demonstrated that miR-124 expression was significantly upregulated in ARC tissues, and knockdown of miR-124 increased SRA01/04 cell viability and suppressed apoptosis. In addition, SPRY2 and MMP-2 expression was decreased in ARC tissues, and were demonstrated to directly bind to miR-124. Overexpression of SPRY2 or MMP-2 increased SRA01/04 cell viability and repressed apoptosis, the effects of which were reversed following overexpression of miR-124. Taken together, these results suggested that miR-124 facilitates lens epithelial cell apoptosis by modulating SPRY2 or MMP-2 expression, providing a novel treatment approach for ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 223000, P.R. China
| | - Shuting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 223000, P.R. China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 223000, P.R. China
| | - Xujing Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 223000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Third Institute of Clinical Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Vesela B, Svandova E, Hovorakova M, Peterkova R, Kratochvilova A, Pasovska M, Ramesova A, Lesot H, Matalova E. Specification of Sprouty2 functions in osteogenesis in in vivo context. Organogenesis 2019; 15:111-119. [PMID: 31480885 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2019.1656995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sprouty proteins are modulators of the MAPK/ERK pathway. Amongst these, Sprouty2 (SPRY2) has been investigated as a possible factor that takes part in the initial phases of osteogenesis. However, the in vivo context has not yet been investigated and the underlying mechanisms taking place in vitro remain unknown. Therefore, in this study, the impact of Spry2 deficiency was examined in the developing tibias of Spry2 deficient (-/-) mouse. The investigation was performed when the osteogenic zone became clearly visible and when all three basic bone cells types were present. The main markers of osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RT-PCR showed that the expression of Sost was 3.5 times higher in Spry2-/- than in the wild-type bone, which pointed to a still unknown mechanism of action of SPRY2 on the differentiation of osteocytes. The up-regulation of Sost was independent of Hif-1α expression and could not be related to its positive regulator, Runx2, since none of these factors showed an increased expression in the bone of Spry2-/- mice. Regarding the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway, the Spry2-/- showed an increased expression of Rank, but no significant change in the expression of Rankl and Opg. Thanks to these results, the impact of Spry2 deletion is shown for the first time in the developing bone as a complex organ including, particularly, an effect on osteoblasts (Runx2) and osteocytes (Sost). This might explain the previously reported decrease in bone formation in postnatal Spry2-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Vesela
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Svandova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Maria Hovorakova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Renata Peterkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Adela Kratochvilova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Martina Pasovska
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic.,Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Alice Ramesova
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Herve Lesot
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Matalova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic
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