1
|
Qureshi Z, Ali MN, Khalid M. An Insight into Potential Pharmacotherapeutic Agents for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:9989272. [PMID: 35127954 PMCID: PMC8813291 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9989272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the 4th most common disease affecting the world's population. It is accompanied by many complications that deteriorate the quality of life. Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is one of the debilitating consequences of diabetes that effects one-third of diabetic patients. Unfortunately, there is no internationally recommended drug that directly hinders the pathological mechanisms that result in painful diabetic neuropathy. Clinical studies have shown that anticonvulsant and antidepressant therapies have proven fruitful in management of pain associated with PDN. Currently, the FDA approved medications for painful diabetic neuropathies include duloxetine, pregabalin, tapentadol extended release, and capsaicin (for foot PDN only). The FDA has also approved the use of spinal cord stimulation system for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy pain. The drugs recommended by other regulatory bodies include gabapentin, amitriptyline, dextromethorphan, tramadol, venlafaxine, sodium valproate, and 5 % lidocaine patch. These drugs are only partially effective and have adverse effects associated with their use. Treating painful symptoms in diabetic patient can be frustrating not only for the patients but also for health care workers, so additional clinical trials for novel and conventional treatments are required to devise more effective treatment for PDN with minimal side effects. This review gives an insight on the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of PDN and the potential pharmacotherapeutic agents. This will be followed by an overview on the FDA-approved drugs for PDN and commercially available topical analgesic and their effects on painful diabetic neuropathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zunaira Qureshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Najabat Ali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Minahil Khalid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Li X, Jian W, Xue Q, Liu Z. Roles of Long Non-coding RNAs in the Development of Chronic Pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:760964. [PMID: 34887726 PMCID: PMC8649923 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.760964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain, a severe public health issue, affects the quality of life of patients and results in a major socioeconomic burden. Only limited drug treatments for chronic pain are available, and they have insufficient efficacy. Recent studies have found that the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is dysregulated in various chronic pain models, including chronic neuropathic pain, chronic inflammatory pain, and chronic cancer-related pain. Studies have also explored the effect of these dysregulated lncRNAs on the activation of microRNAs, inflammatory cytokines, and so on. These mechanisms have been widely demonstrated to play a critical role in the development of chronic pain. The findings of these studies indicate the significant roles of dysregulated lncRNAs in chronic pain in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord, following peripheral or central nerve lesions. This review summarizes the mechanism underlying the abnormal expression of lncRNAs in the development of chronic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury, diabetic neuropathy, inflammatory response, trigeminal neuralgia, spinal cord injury, cancer metastasis, and other conditions. Understanding the effect of lncRNAs may provide a novel insight that targeting lncRNAs could be a potential candidate for therapeutic intervention in chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Geriatric & Spinal Pain Multi-Department Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiongjuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Geriatric & Spinal Pain Multi-Department Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenling Jian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Geriatric & Spinal Pain Multi-Department Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingsheng Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Geriatric & Spinal Pain Multi-Department Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He J, Wang HB, Huang JJ, Zhang L, Li DL, He WY, Xiong QM, Qin ZS. Diabetic neuropathic pain induced by streptozotocin alters the expression profile of non-coding RNAs in the spinal cord of mice as determined by sequencing analysis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:775. [PMID: 34055074 PMCID: PMC8145263 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes. Patients with DNP always exhibit spontaneous and stimulus-evoked pain. However, the pathogenesis of DNP remains to be fully elucidated. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) serve important roles in several cellular processes and dysregulated expression may result in the development of several diseases, including DNP. Although ncRNAs have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of DNP, their precise roles remain to be determined. In the present study, sequencing analysis was used to investigate the expression patterns of coding genes, microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the spinal cord of mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DNP. A total of 30 mRNAs, 148 miRNAs, 9 lncRNAs and 135 circRNAs exhibited significantly dysregulated expression 42 days after STZ injection. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that protein digestion and absorption pathways were the most significantly affected pathways of the differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs. The Rap1 signaling pathway, human T-lymphotropic virus-I infection and the MAPK signaling pathway were the three most significant pathways of the DE miRNAs. A total of 2,118 distinct circRNAs were identified and the length of the majority of the circRNAs was <1,000 nucleotides (nt) (1,552 circRNAs were >1,000 nt) with a median length of 620 nt. In the present study, the expression characteristics of coding genes, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in DNP mice were determined; it paves the road for further studies on the mechanisms associated with DNP and potentially facilitates the discovery of novel ncRNAs for therapeutic targeting in the management of DNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Han Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Ju Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Lin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Wan You He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Ming Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Zai Sheng Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|