Carbon tetrachloride suppresses ER-Golgi transport by inhibiting COPII vesicle formation on the ER membrane in the RLC-16 hepatocyte cell line

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of an Extract from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Its Purified Product 1-Hydroxyphenazine on RAW264.7 Cells

The purpose of this study was to discuss the effects of an extract from the culture medium of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) 2016NX1 (chloroform extract of P. aeruginosa, CEPA) and its purified product 1-hydroxyphenazine on RAW264.7 cell inflammation. Cell viability was evaluated by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. TNF-α production was determined by an ELISA method. The effects of CEPA and its purified product 1-hydroxyphenazine on cell morphology were investigated using an inverted microscope. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to determine mRNA expression levels. CEPA and 1-hydroxyphenazine had no obvious toxicity to cells when their concentrations were no more than 20 μg ml^-1 and 5 μg ml^-1, respectively. Both CEPA and 1-hydroxyphenazine suppressed the secretion of TNF-α and significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Both CEPA and 1-hydroxyphenazine inhibited M1 cell polarization after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The results in this article lay a good foundation for the biopharmaceutical applications of CEPA and 1-hydroxyphenazine in the future. CEPA and 1-hydroxyphenazine had certain anti-inflammatory activity, and inhibited LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammation. Our findings suggest that CEPA and 1-hydroxyphenazine are potential chemicals with anti-inflammatory activity.