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Zhao G, Gao Y, Shi N, Zhang S, Xiao P, Zhang J, Xie C, Ha Z, Feng S, Li C, Zhang X, Xie Y, Yu N, Zhang H, Bi J, Jin N. Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Animals from 11 Provinces in China. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030625. [PMID: 36992334 PMCID: PMC10051441 DOI: 10.3390/v15030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), which uses a mosquito primary vector and swine as a reservoir host, poses a significant risk to human and animal health. JEV can be detected in cattle, goats and dogs. A molecular epidemiological survey of JEV was conducted in 3105 mammals from five species, swine, fox, racoon dog, yak and goat, and 17,300 mosquitoes from 11 Chinese provinces. JEV was detected in pigs from Heilongjiang (12/328, 3.66%), Jilin (17/642, 2.65%), Shandong (14/832, 1.68%), Guangxi (8/278, 2.88%) and Inner Mongolia (9/952, 0.94%); in goats (1/51, 1.96%) from Tibet; and mosquitoes (6/131, 4.58%) from Yunnan. A total of 13 JEV envelope (E) gene sequences were amplified in pigs from Heilongjiang (5/13), Jilin (2/13) and Guangxi (6/13). Swine had the highest JEV infection rate of any animal species, and the highest infection rates were found in Heilongjiang. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the predominant strain in Northern China was genotype I. Mutations were found at residues 76, 95, 123, 138, 244, 474 and 475 of E protein but all sequences had predicted glycosylation sites at ′N154. Three strains lacked the threonine 76 phosphorylation site from non-specific (unsp) and protein kinase G (PKG) site predictions; one lacked the threonine 186 phosphorylation site from protein kinase II (CKII) prediction; and one lacked the tyrosine 90 phosphorylation site from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) prediction. The aim of the current study was to contribute to JEV prevention and control through the characterization of its molecular epidemiology and prediction of functional changes due to E-protein mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Ning Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shiheng Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Pengpeng Xiao
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Changzhan Xie
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Zhuo Ha
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Sheng Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Chenghui Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Xuancheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yubiao Xie
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Ning Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - He Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (J.B.); (N.J.)
| | - Junlong Bi
- College of Animal Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (J.B.); (N.J.)
| | - Ningyi Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (J.B.); (N.J.)
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Wang B, Wang M, Zhang H, Xu J, Hou J, Zhu Y. Canine Adenovirus 1 Isolation Bioinformatics Analysis of the Fiber. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:879360. [PMID: 35770071 PMCID: PMC9235841 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.879360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) is a double-stranded DNA virus, which is the causative agent of fox encephalitis. The Fiber protein is one of the structural proteins in CAdV-1, which mediates virion binding to the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor on host cells. The suspected virus was cultured in the MDCK cells, and it was determined through the cytopathic effects, sequencing and electron microscopy. The informatics analysis of the Fiber was done using online bioinformatics servers. The CAdV-1-JL2021 strain was isolated successfully, and were most similar to the CAdV-1 strain circulating in Italy. The occurrence of negative selection and recombination were found in the CAdV-1-JL2021 and CAdV-2-AC_000020.1. Host cell membrane was its subcellular localization. The CAdV-1-JL2021 Fiber (ON164651) had 6 glycosylation sites and 107 phosphorylation sites, exerted adhesion receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell, which was the same as CAdV-2-AC_000020.1 Fiber. The Fiber tertiary structure of the CAdV-1-JL2021 and CAdV-2-AC_000020.1 was different, but they had the same coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor. “VATTSPTLTFAYPLIKNNNH” were predicted to be the potential CAdV-1 B cell linear epitope. The MHC-I binding peptide “KLGVKPTTY” were both presented in the CAdV-1-JL2021 and CAdV-2-AC_000020.1 Fiber and it is useful to design the canine adenovirus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Minchun Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hongling Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jinyu Hou
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanzhu Zhu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yanzhu Zhu,
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Zhu Y, Xu J, Lian S, Zhang R, Hou J, Wang M, Yan X. Difference Analysis Between Canine Adenovirus Types 1 And 2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:854876. [PMID: 35360116 PMCID: PMC8963759 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.854876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine adenoviruses (CAdVs) include type 1 (CAdV-1, virulent strain) and type 2 (CAdV-2, attenuated strain). In recent years, the incidences of CAdV infections are increasing. However, they are difficult to distinguish when the symptoms are untypical. It is pivotal to find the differences between the two virus types for scientific, epidemiological, and specific treatment. CAdV-1 (virulent strain) and CAdV-2 (attenuated strain) induced canine hepatitis (ICH) and tracheobronchitis (ITB), respectively, but the clinical symptom is not obvious. CAdV-1 and CAdV-2 have the same genome structure, diameter, morphological features, and cytopathic features, but the same character hinder the diagnose time of the serotypes. CAdV-1 and CAdV-2 have a difference in the genome sequence, coding proteins, viral activity, hemagglutination patterns. After infection, pathogenicity and transmission route are different between the two serotypes. Sequence alignment, PCR, Real time-PCR assay are useful methods to distinguish the two serotypes. The attenuated live CAdV-2 vaccine is currently used to protect against CAdV-1, but it also has a risk. The further research should focus on the pathogenicity mechanism and the useful vaccine for the two serotypes of canine adenovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhu Zhu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yanzhu Zhu,
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shizhen Lian
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinyu Hou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Minchun Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xijun Yan
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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Fu Y, Sun J, Lian S, Deng X, Zhang L, Shao J, Yu H, Yan X, Zhu Y. Immunogenicity of an Inactivated Canine Adenovirus Type 1 Vaccine for Foxes. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:678671. [PMID: 35242832 PMCID: PMC8886366 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.678671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) is the etiologic agent of fox encephalitis. As with most viral agents, the best method of prevention is vaccination. In this study, the CAdV-1 strain F1301 strain was used to construct a new type 1 canine adenovirus inactivated vaccine candidate, and its safety and immunogenicity were evaluated in silver foxes. Next, animals were challenged and survival rates of animals vaccinated with either the commercially available or the current candidate vaccine were examined. The results confirmed that the inactivated CAdV-1 vaccine prepared in this study can effectively protect against challenge with virulent CAdV-1 in silver foxes, and the safety profile was improved relative to that of the commercial vaccine. This study confirmed that the fox CAdV-1 F1301 strain can be used as a platform for an inactivated CAdV-1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Veterinary Medicine, Heze Vocational College Heze, Heze, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shizhen Lian
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jikai Shao
- Yuncheng No. 1 Middle School of Shandong Province, Heze, China
| | - Hongguang Yu
- The Second Experimental Ocean School of Jilin Province, Jilin, China
| | - Xijun Yan
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yanzhu Zhu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yanzhu Zhu
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