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Zhu L, Cai Q, Li G, Zou X. Bromodomain containing 4 inhibition combats gastric precancerous lesions via modulating macrophage polarization. Tissue Cell 2024; 91:102580. [PMID: 39396437 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric precancerous lesions (GPL), characterized by intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia, marks a pivotal juncture in the transformation from gastritis to gastric cancer. Research on GPL could offer fresh perspectives on preventing cancer occurrence. METHODS This study employed 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) to establish GPL rat models and knocked BRD4 down in vivo to assess its impact on the lesions and macrophage morphology. Following that, the impacts of BRD4 knockdown on the malignant phenotypes of human gastric epithelial GES-1 cells were determined. Moreover, conditioned medium from macrophage was gathered and used for GES-1 cell culture. The involvement of macrophage polarization in the BRD4 regulatory mechanism in GES-1 cells was assessed. RESULTS This study elucidated that MNNG induced an increase level of BRD4 in the rat models. BRD4 knockdown reduced lesions based on pathological sections and immunohistochemistry to detect proliferative antigens. Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed that BRD4 knockdown suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition and macrophage M2 polarization. In in vitro experiments, BRD4 knockdown inhibited the malignant phenotype of GES-1 cells and the differentiation of THP-1 cells into M2 macrophages, respectively. The conditioned medium from M2 macrophages with BRD4 knockdown was co-incubated with GES-1 cells, which attenuated the malignant phenotypes compared with the medium from M2 macrophages. CONCLUSION Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, BRD4 upregulation was found to already occur during GPL, affecting macrophage polarization and epithelial cell cancerization. This finding provides an experimental basis for strategies targeting BRD4 inhibition at this critical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Qingxin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Specialized Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Xiaoming Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
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2
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Zhang Y, Ding X, Zhang X, Li Y, Xu R, Li HJ, Zuo D, Chen G. Unveiling the contribution of tumor-associated macrophages in driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition: a review of mechanisms and therapeutic Strategies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1404687. [PMID: 39286635 PMCID: PMC11402718 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1404687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), fundamental constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME), significantly influence cancer development, primarily by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT endows cancer cells with increased motility, invasiveness, and resistance to therapies, marking a pivotal juncture in cancer progression. The review begins with a detailed exposition on the origins of TAMs and their functional heterogeneity, providing a foundational understanding of TAM characteristics. Next, it delves into the specific molecular mechanisms through which TAMs induce EMT, including cytokines, chemokines and stromal cross-talking. Following this, the review explores TAM-induced EMT features in select cancer types with notable EMT characteristics, highlighting recent insights and the impact of TAMs on cancer progression. Finally, the review concludes with a discussion of potential therapeutic targets and strategies aimed at mitigating TAM infiltration and disrupting the EMT signaling network, thereby underscoring the potential of emerging treatments to combat TAM-mediated EMT in cancer. This comprehensive analysis reaffirms the necessity for continued exploration into TAMs' regulatory roles within cancer biology to refine therapeutic approaches and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital (Mental Health Center affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine), Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofei Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hai-Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital (Mental Health Center affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine), Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital (Mental Health Center affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine), Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Wang Y, Gao B, Jiao T, Zhang W, Shi H, Jiang H, Li X, Li J, Ge X, Pan K, Li C, Mao G, Lu S. CCL5/CCR5/CYP1A1 pathway prompts liver cancer cells to survive in the combination of targeted and immunological therapies. Cancer Sci 2024. [PMID: 39183447 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has significantly improved the prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but many patients still have unsatisfactory outcomes. CD8 T cells are known to exert a pivotal function in the immune response against tumors. Nevertheless, most CD8 T cells in HCC tissues are in a state of exhaustion, losing the cytotoxic activity against malignant cells. Cytokines, mainly secreted by immune cells, play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Here, we demonstrated the changes in exhausted CD8T cells during combination therapy by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on tumor samples before and after treatment. Combination therapy exerted a substantial impact on the exhausted CD8T cells, particularly in terms of cytokine expression. CCL5 was the most abundantly expressed cytokine in CD8T cells and exhausted CD8T cells, and its expression increased further after treatment. Subsequently, we discovered the CCL5/CCR5/CYP1A1 pathway through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on CCL5-stimulated Huh7 cells and verified through a series of experiments that this pathway can mediate the resistance of liver cancer cells to lenvatinib. Tissue experiments showed that after combination therapy, the CCL5/CCR5/CYP1A1 pathway was activated, which can benefit the residual tumor cells to survive treatment. Tumor-bearing mouse experiments demonstrated that bergamottin (BGM), a competitive inhibitor of CYP1A1, can enhance the efficacy of both lenvatinib and combination therapy. Our research revealed one mechanism by which hepatoma cells can survive the combination therapy, providing a theoretical basis for the refined treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Wang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Gao
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Jiao
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhong Shi
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xuerui Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlan Ge
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Chonghui Li
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Guankun Mao
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shichun Lu
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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Tezcan G, Yakar N, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE, Kantarci A. Resolution of chronic inflammation and cancer. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 39177291 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation poses challenges to effective cancer treatment. Although anti-inflammatory therapies have shown short-term benefits, their long-term implications may be unfavorable because they fail to initiate the necessary inflammatory responses. Recent research underscores the promise of specialized pro-resolving mediators, which play a role in modulating the cancer microenvironment by promoting the resolution of initiated inflammatory processes and restoring tissue hemostasis. This review addresses current insights into how inflammation contributes to cancer pathogenesis and explores recent strategies to resolve inflammation associated with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Tezcan
- ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nil Yakar
- ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Li D, Shao F, Yu Q, Wu R, Tuo Z, Wang J, Ye L, Guo Y, Yoo KH, Ke M, Okoli UA, Premkamon C, Yang Y, Wei W, Heavey S, Cho WC, Feng D. The complex interplay of tumor-infiltrating cells in driving therapeutic resistance pathways. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:405. [PMID: 39160622 PMCID: PMC11331645 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a significant challenge in cancer treatment. Recently, the interactions among various cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME) have deepened our understanding of the mechanisms behind treatment resistance. Therefore, this review aims to synthesize current research focusing on infiltrating cells and drug resistance suggesting that targeting the TME could be a viable strategy to combat this issue. Numerous factors, including inflammation, metabolism, senescence, hypoxia, and angiogenesis, contribute to drug resistance could be a viable strategy to combat this issue. Overexpression of STAT3 is commonly associated with drug-resistant cancer cells or stromal cells. Current research often generalizes the impact of stromal cells on resistance, lacking specificity and statistical robustness. Thus, future research should take notice of this issue and aim to provide high-quality evidence. Despite the existing limitations, targeting the TME to overcome therapy resistance hold promising and valuable potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengxiong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fanglin Shao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Qingxin Yu
- Department of Pathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Department of Pathology, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Ruicheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhouting Tuo
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Luxia Ye
- Department of Public Research Platform, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, China
| | - Yiqing Guo
- Department of Public Research Platform, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, China
| | - Koo Han Yoo
- Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mang Ke
- Department of Public Research Platform, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, China
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Uzoamaka Adaobi Okoli
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, W1W 7TS, UK
- Basic and Translational Cancer Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Eastern part of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chaipanichkul Premkamon
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Yubo Yang
- Department of Urology, Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, 404000, China
| | - Wuran Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Susan Heavey
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, W1W 7TS, UK.
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, W1W 7TS, UK.
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Tobe-Nishimoto A, Morita Y, Nishimura J, Kitahira Y, Takayama S, Kishimoto S, Matsumiya-Matsumoto Y, Matsunaga K, Imai T, Uzawa N. Tumor microenvironment dynamics in oral cancer: unveiling the role of inflammatory cytokines in a syngeneic mouse model. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024:10.1007/s10585-024-10306-1. [PMID: 39126553 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The process of cervical lymph node metastasis is dependent on the phenotype of the tumor cells and their interaction with the host microenvironment and immune system; conventional research methods that focus exclusively on tumor cells are limited in their ability to elucidate the metastatic mechanism. In cancer tissues, a specialized environment called the tumor microenvironment (TME) is established around tumor cells, and inflammation in the TME has been reported to be closely associated with the development and progression of many types of cancer and with the response to anticancer therapy. In this study, to elucidate the mechanism of metastasis establishment, including the TME, in the cervical lymph node metastasis of oral cancer, we established a mouse-derived oral squamous cell carcinoma cervical lymph node highly metastatic cell line and generated a syngeneic orthotopic transplantation mouse model. In the established highly metastatic cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction was enhanced compared to that in parental cells. In the syngeneic mouse model, lymph node metastasis was observed more frequently in tumors of highly metastatic cells than in parental cells, and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and lymphatic vessels in primary tumor tissues were increased, suggesting that this model is highly useful. Moreover, in the established highly metastatic cells, EMT induction was enhanced compared to that in the parent cell line, and CCL5 and IL-6 secreted during inflammation further enhanced EMT induction in cancer cells. This suggests the possibility of a synergistic effect between EMT induction and inflammation. This model, which allows for the use of two types of cells with different metastatic and tumor growth potentials, is very useful for oral cancer research involving the interaction between cancer cells and the TME in tumor tissues and for further searching for new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Tobe-Nishimoto
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Morita
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Junya Nishimura
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kitahira
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shun Takayama
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoko Kishimoto
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuka Matsumiya-Matsumoto
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Matsunaga
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Imai
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Narikazu Uzawa
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Tatsuno R, Komohara Y, Pan C, Kawasaki T, Enomoto A, Jubashi T, Kono H, Wako M, Ashizawa T, Haro H, Ichikawa J. Surface Markers and Chemokines/Cytokines of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Osteosarcoma and Other Carcinoma Microenviornments-Contradictions and Comparisons. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2801. [PMID: 39199574 PMCID: PMC11353089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. Prognosis is improving with advances in multidisciplinary treatment strategies, but the development of new anticancer agents has not, and improvement in prognosis for patients with pulmonary metastases has stalled. In recent years, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained attention as a therapeutic target for cancer. The immune component of OS TME consists mainly of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). They exhibit remarkable plasticity, and their phenotype is influenced by the TME. In general, surface markers such as CD68 and CD80 show anti-tumor effects, while CD163 and CD204 show tumor-promoting effects. Surface markers have potential value as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The cytokines and chemokines produced by TAMs promote tumor growth and metastasis. However, the role of TAMs in OS remains unclear to date. In this review, we describe the role of TAMs in OS by focusing on TAM surface markers and the TAM-produced cytokines and chemokines in the TME, and by comparing their behaviors in other carcinomas. We found contrary results from different studies. These findings highlight the urgency for further research in this field to improve the stalled OS prognosis percentages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikito Tatsuno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-0016, Japan; (R.T.); (T.J.); (H.K.); (M.W.); (T.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; (Y.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; (Y.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Tomonori Kawasaki
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama 350-1298, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;
| | - Takahiro Jubashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-0016, Japan; (R.T.); (T.J.); (H.K.); (M.W.); (T.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Hiroyuki Kono
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-0016, Japan; (R.T.); (T.J.); (H.K.); (M.W.); (T.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Masanori Wako
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-0016, Japan; (R.T.); (T.J.); (H.K.); (M.W.); (T.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Tomoyuki Ashizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-0016, Japan; (R.T.); (T.J.); (H.K.); (M.W.); (T.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Hirotaka Haro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-0016, Japan; (R.T.); (T.J.); (H.K.); (M.W.); (T.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Jiro Ichikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 400-0016, Japan; (R.T.); (T.J.); (H.K.); (M.W.); (T.A.); (H.H.)
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8
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Lin CN, Liang YL, Tsai HF, Wu PY, Huang LY, Lin YH, Kang CY, Yao CL, Shen MR, Hsu KF. Adipocyte pyroptosis occurs in omental tumor microenvironment and is associated with chemoresistance of ovarian cancer. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:62. [PMID: 38862973 PMCID: PMC11167873 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is a fatal malignancy, with most patients experiencing recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy. In contrast to hematogenous metastasizing tumors, ovarian cancer cells disseminate within the peritoneal cavity, especially the omentum. Previously, we reported omental crown-like structure (CLS) number is associated with poor prognosis of advanced-stage OC. CLS that have pathologic features of a dead or dying adipocyte was surrounded by several macrophages is well known a histologic hallmark for inflammatory adipose tissue. In this study, we attempted to clarify the interaction between metastatic ovarian cancer cells and omental CLS, and to formulate a therapeutic strategy for advanced-stage ovarian cancer. METHODS A three-cell (including OC cells, adipocytes and macrophages) coculture model was established to mimic the omental tumor microenvironment (TME) of ovarian cancer. Caspase-1 activity, ATP and free fatty acids (FFA) levels were detected by commercial kits. An adipocyte organoid model was established to assess macrophages migration and infiltration. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed for functional assays and therapeutic effect evaluations. Clinical OC tissue samples were collected for immunochemistry stain and statistics analysis. RESULTS In three-cell coculture model, OC cells-derived IL-6 and IL-8 could induce the occurrence of pyroptosis in omental adipocytes. The pyroptotic adipocytes release ATP to increase macrophage infiltration, release FFA into TME, uptake by OC cells to increase chemoresistance. From OC tumor samples study, we demonstrated patients with high gasdermin D (GSDMD) expression in omental adipocytes is highly correlated with chemoresistance and poor outcome in advanced-stage OC. In animal model, by pyroptosis inhibitor, DSF, effectively retarded tumor growth and prolonged mice survival. CONCLUSIONS Omental adipocyte pyroptosis may contribute the chemoresistance in advanced stage OC. Omental adipocytes could release FFA and ATP through the GSDMD-mediate pyroptosis to induce chemoresistance and macrophages infiltration resulting the poor prognosis in advanced-stage OC. Inhibition of adipocyte pyroptosis may be a potential therapeutic modality in advanced-stage OC with omentum metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ni Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fen Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Yin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yi Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ling Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Fu Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, 138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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9
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Kuznetsova AB, Kolesova EP, Parodi A, Zamyatnin AA, Egorova VS. Reprogramming Tumor-Associated Macrophage Using Nanocarriers: New Perspectives to Halt Cancer Progression. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:636. [PMID: 38794298 PMCID: PMC11124960 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant challenge for public healthcare systems worldwide. Within the realm of cancer treatment, considerable attention is focused on understanding the tumor microenvironment (TME)-the complex network of non-cancerous elements surrounding the tumor. Among the cells in TME, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a central role, traditionally categorized as pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages or anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Within the TME, M2-like TAMs can create a protective environment conducive to tumor growth and progression. These TAMs secrete a range of factors and molecules that facilitate tumor angiogenesis, increased vascular permeability, chemoresistance, and metastasis. In response to this challenge, efforts are underway to develop adjuvant therapy options aimed at reprogramming TAMs from the M2 to the anti-tumor M1 phenotype. Such reprogramming holds promise for suppressing tumor growth, alleviating chemoresistance, and impeding metastasis. Nanotechnology has enabled the development of nanoformulations that may soon offer healthcare providers the tools to achieve targeted drug delivery, controlled drug release within the TME for TAM reprogramming and reduce drug-related adverse events. In this review, we have synthesized the latest data on TAM polarization in response to TME factors, highlighted the pathological effects of TAMs, and provided insights into existing nanotechnologies aimed at TAM reprogramming and depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyona B. Kuznetsova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.B.K.); (E.P.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Ekaterina P. Kolesova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.B.K.); (E.P.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.B.K.); (E.P.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.B.K.); (E.P.K.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera S. Egorova
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.B.K.); (E.P.K.); (A.P.)
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10
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Xie H, Sun Q, Chu X, Zhu S, Xie F. Review of pre-metastatic niches in lung metastasis: From cells to molecules, from mechanism to clinics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189081. [PMID: 38280471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Distant metastasis is responsible for high mortality in most cancer cases and the lung is one of the most common target organs, severely affecting the quality of daily life and overall survival of cancer patients. With relevant research breakthroughs accumulating, scientists have developed a deeper understanding of lung metastasis (LM) from the rudimentary "seed and soil" theory to a more vivid concept of the pre-metastatic niche (PMN). Thus, the mechanisms of PMN formation become considerably complicated, involving various types of cells, chemokines, cytokines, and proteins, providing potential biomarkers for improved LM diagnosis and treatment techniques. Here we summarized the latest findings (in 3 years) of lung PMN and systematically collated it from basic research to clinical application, which clearly exhibited the influences of the primary tumor, stromal, and bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) and associated molecules in the formation of lung PMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Xie
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuelei Chu
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feiyu Xie
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Department, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Wang S, Wang J, Chen Z, Luo J, Guo W, Sun L, Lin L. Targeting M2-like tumor-associated macrophages is a potential therapeutic approach to overcome antitumor drug resistance. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:31. [PMID: 38341519 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor drug resistance emerges from the interaction of two critical factors: tumor cellular heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute essential components of the TME. M2-like TAMs are essential in facilitating tumor metastasis as well as augmenting the drug resistance of tumors. This review encapsulates the mechanisms that M2-like TAMs use to promote tumor drug resistance. We also describe the emerging therapeutic strategies that are currently targeting M2-like TAMs in combination with other antitumor drugs, with some still undergoing clinical trial evaluation. Furthermore, we summarize and analyze various existing approaches for developing novel drugs that target M2-like TAMs to overcome tumor resistance, highlighting how targeting M2-like TAMs can effectively stop tumor growth, metastasis, and overcome tumor drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingrui Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Luo
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhu Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Zhang XF, Zhang XL, Wang YJ, Fang Y, Li ML, Liu XY, Luo HY, Tian Y. The regulatory network of the chemokine CCL5 in colorectal cancer. Ann Med 2023; 55:2205168. [PMID: 37141250 PMCID: PMC10161960 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2205168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CCL5 plays a potential role in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies have shown that CCL5 directly acts on tumor cells to change tumor metastatic rates. In addition, CCL5 recruits immune cells and immunosuppressive cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) and reshapes the TME to adapt to tumor growth or increase antitumor immune efficacy, depending on the type of secretory cells releasing CCL5, the cellular function of CCL5 recruitment, and the underlying mechanisms. However, at present, research on the role played by CCL5 in the occurrence and development of CRC is still limited, and whether CCL5 promotes the occurrence and development of CRC and its role remain controversial. This paper discusses the cells recruited by CCL5 in patients with CRC and the specific mechanism of this recruitment, as well as recent clinical studies of CCL5 in patients with CRC.Key MessagesCCL5 plays dual roles in colorectal cancer progression.CCL5 remodels the tumor microenvironment to adapt to colorectal cancer tumor growth by recruiting immunosuppressive cells or by direct action.CCL5 inhibits colorectal cancer tumor growth by recruiting immune cells or by direct action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Jing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Organ Transplant Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Meng-Li Li
- Honghui Hospital affiliated to Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xing-Yu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hua-You Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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13
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Liang J, Liang R, Lei K, Huang J, Lin H, Wang M. Comparative analysis of single-cell transcriptome reveals heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastases. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:174. [PMID: 37715019 PMCID: PMC10504228 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Solid tumors such as lung adenocarcinoma include not only the tumor cells but also the microenvironment in which the tumor cells continuously interact with each other. An in-depth understanding of the oncological features and tumor microenvironment (TME) of lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastases at the single-cell level could provide new therapeutic strategies for brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS To solve this problem, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on 15 lung adenocarcinoma samples and 10 brain metastasis samples. RESULTS A total of 86,282 single cells were obtained and divided into 8 cell types, including epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, oligodendrocytes, T/NK cells, B cells, mast cells, and macrophages. In brain metastases, we found a significantly lower proportion of T/NK cells and mast cells, and more severe immune dysregulation. In addition, we found a subpopulation of macrophages with high expression of metastasis-promoting-related genes enriched in brain metastatic tissues. Moreover, in brain metastases, we found a significantly increased proportion of myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblasts (myCAFs) and a higher angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells. Epithelial cells in brain metastases were more malignant and underwent genomic reprogramming. Next, we found that DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) expression was upregulated in epithelial cells in brain metastases and was associated with poor prognosis. Finally, we experimentally validated that the downregulation of DDIT4 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS This study depicts a single-cell atlas of lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastases by scRNA-seq and paves the way for the development of future therapeutic targets for brain metastases from lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huayue Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Minghui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Qin R, Ren W, Ya G, Wang B, He J, Ren S, Jiang L, Zhao S. Role of chemokines in the crosstalk between tumor and tumor-associated macrophages. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1359-1373. [PMID: 36173487 PMCID: PMC10460746 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a dynamic network of non-tumoral stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), B and T cells. In the TME, TAMs support tumor initiation, progression, invasion and metastasis by promoting angiogenesis and immunosuppression of the tumor cells. There is close crosstalk between TAMs and tumor cells. Notably, chemokines are a significant messenger mediating the crosstalk between tumor cells and TAMs. TAMs can promote tumor progression via secretion of chemokines. Various chemokines secreted by tumors are involved in the generation and polarization of TAMs, the infiltration of TAMs in tumors, and the development of TAMs' suppressive function. This paper reviews CCL2-CCR2, CCL3/5-CCR5, CCL15-CCR1, CCL18-CCR8, CX3CL1/CCL26-CX3CR1, CXCL8-CXCR1/2, CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 signaling pathways, their role in the recruitment, polarization and exertion of TAMs, and their correlation with tumor development, metastasis and prognosis. Furthermore, we present the current research progress on modulating the effects of TAMs with chemokine antagonists and discuss the prospects and potential challenges of using chemokine antagonists as therapeutic tools for cancer treatment. The TAMs targeting by chemokine receptor antagonists in combination with chemotherapy drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors or radiotherapy appears to be a promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qin
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weihong Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Guoqi Ya
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bei Wang
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiao He
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shaoxin Ren
- The First Clinical Medical Institute, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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15
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Torres GM, Jarnagin HC, Park C, Yang H, Kosarek NN, Bhandari R, Wang CY, Kolling FW, Whitfield ML, Turk MJ, Liby KT, Pioli PA. CDDO-Methyl Ester Inhibits BRAF Inhibitor Resistance and Remodels the Myeloid Compartment in BRAF-mutant Melanoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.01.551524. [PMID: 37577680 PMCID: PMC10418171 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.01.551524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 50% of advanced melanomas harbor activating BRAF V600E mutations that are sensitive to BRAF inhibition. However, the duration of the response to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) has been limited due to the development of acquired resistance, which is preceded by recruitment of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and regulatory T cells (T regs ). While the addition of MAPK/ERK kinase 1 inhibitors (MEKi) prolongs therapeutic response to BRAF inhibition, most patients still develop resistance. Using a Braf V600E/+ /Pten -/- graft mouse model of melanoma, we now show that the addition of the methyl ester of the synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (C-Me) to the BRAFi vemurafenib analog PLX4720 at resistance significantly reduces tumor burden. Dual treatment remodels the BRAFi resistant-tumor microenvironment (TME), reducing infiltration of T regs and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), and attenuates immunosuppressive cytokine production. For the first time, we characterize myeloid populations using scRNA-seq in BRAFi-resistant tumors and demonstrate that restoration of therapeutic response is associated with significant changes in immune-activated myeloid subset representation. Collectively, these studies suggest that C-Me inhibits acquired resistance to BRAFi. Use of C-Me in combination with other therapies may both inhibit melanoma growth and enhance therapeutic responsiveness more broadly.
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16
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Huang Y, Wu L, Sun Y, Li J, Mao N, Yang Y, Zhao M, Ren S. CCL5 might be a prognostic biomarker and associated with immuno-therapeutic efficacy in cancers: A pan-cancer analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18215. [PMID: 37519664 PMCID: PMC10375802 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), a vital member of the CC chemokine family, plays diverse roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and prognosis in various human tumors. However, no pan-cancer analysis has been conducted to illustrate its distinctive effects on clinical prognosis via underlying mechanisms and biological characteristics. Methods Herein, we exploited the existed public bioinformatics database, primarily TCGA database and GTEx data, to comprehensively analyze the value of CCL5 involved in patient prognosis. Results This study found that CCL5 was excessively expressed in most tumors and significantly associated with clinical prognosis in 10 out of 33 types of tumors. Notably, CCL5 might be an independent predictive biomarker of clinical outcome in SKCM patients, confirmed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, we acquired the genetic alteration status of CCL5 in multiple types of tumor tissues from TCGA cohorts. We revealed a potential correlation between the expression level of CCL5 and tumor mutational burden in 33 types of tumors. In addition, data showed that DNA methylation was associated with CCL5 gene expression in THCA, PRAD, LUSC, and BRCA cancers. Immune infiltration and immune checkpoints are fine indexes for evaluating immunotherapy. We uncovered that CCL5 was negatively correlated with the immune infiltration of CD8+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, macrophages, and gamma delta T cells in BRCA-basal and CESC tumors, while a significant positive correlation was observed in BLCA, COAD and other 7 types of tumors. Besides, CCL5 was closely associated with the immune checkpoint molecules in 8 types of tumors. The TIDE score was less in the CCL5 high-expressed group than in the CCL5 low-expressed group in SKCM patients, which indicated that CCL5 might be a fine monitor of immune response for immunotherapy. GO enrichment analysis data uncovered that cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signaling might be involved in the role of CCL5 in regulating tumor pathogenesis and prognosis. Conclusion In conclusion, CCL5 was preliminarly identified as a biomarker of immune response and prognosis for tumors patients via our first comprehensive pan-cancer analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu 610100, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Longquan Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu 610100, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Longquan Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu 610100, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Longquan Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Nan Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yeqing Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Sichong Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
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17
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Chen S, Saeed AFUH, Liu Q, Jiang Q, Xu H, Xiao GG, Rao L, Duo Y. Macrophages in immunoregulation and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:207. [PMID: 37211559 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 294.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages exist in various tissues, several body cavities, and around mucosal surfaces and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens and cancers. Macrophages possess binary M1/M2 macrophage polarization settings, which perform a central role in an array of immune tasks via intrinsic signal cascades and, therefore, must be precisely regulated. Many crucial questions about macrophage signaling and immune modulation are yet to be uncovered. In addition, the clinical importance of tumor-associated macrophages is becoming more widely recognized as significant progress has been made in understanding their biology. Moreover, they are an integral part of the tumor microenvironment, playing a part in the regulation of a wide variety of processes including angiogenesis, extracellular matrix transformation, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, immunosuppression, and resistance to chemotherapeutic and checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Herein, we discuss immune regulation in macrophage polarization and signaling, mechanical stresses and modulation, metabolic signaling pathways, mitochondrial and transcriptional, and epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, we have broadly extended the understanding of macrophages in extracellular traps and the essential roles of autophagy and aging in regulating macrophage functions. Moreover, we discussed recent advances in macrophages-mediated immune regulation of autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis. Lastly, we discussed targeted macrophage therapy to portray prospective targets for therapeutic strategies in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanze Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Abdullah F U H Saeed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Haizhao Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Gary Guishan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| | - Yanhong Duo
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Li X, Zheng C, Xue X, Wu J, Li F, Song D, Li X. Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing identifies a signature based on macrophage marker genes involved in prostate cancer prognosis and treatment responsiveness. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:115. [PMID: 37010617 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) interact with cancer cells and contribute to the progression of solid tumors. Nonetheless, the clinical significance of TAM-related biomarkers in prostate cancer (PCa) is largely unexplored. The present study aimed to construct a macrophage-related signature (MRS) for predicting PCa patient prognosis based on macrophage marker genes. Six cohorts comprising 1056 PCa patients with RNA-Seq and follow-up data were enrolled. Based on macrophage marker genes identified by single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, univariate analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso)-Cox regression, and machine learning procedures were performed to derive a consensus MRS. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), concordance index, and decision curve analyses were used to confirm the predictive capacity of the MRS. The predictive performance of the MRS for recurrence-free survival (RFS) was stable and robust, and the MRS outperformed traditional clinical variables. Furthermore, high-MRS-score patients presented abundant macrophage infiltration and high-expression levels of immune checkpoints (CTLA4, HAVCR2, and CD86). The frequency of mutations was relatively high in the high-MRS-score subgroup. However, the low-MRS-score patients had a better response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and leuprolide-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Notably, abnormal ATF3 expression may be associated with docetaxel and cabazitaxel resistance in PCa cells, T stage, and the Gleason score. In this study, a novel MRS was first developed and validated to accurately predict patient survival outcomes, evaluate immune characteristics, infer therapeutic benefits, and provide an auxiliary tool for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiugai Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Chang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xue
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Junying Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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M2 tumor-associated macrophage mediates the maintenance of stemness to promote cisplatin resistance by secreting TGF-β1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2023; 21:26. [PMID: 36641471 PMCID: PMC9840838 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly gastrointestinal malignancy, and chemotherapy resistance is a key factor leading to its poor prognosis. M2 tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs) may be an important cause of chemoresistance in ESCC, but its exact mechanism is still unclear. METHODS In order to study the role of M2-TAMs in ESCC chemoresistance, CCK-8, clone formation assay, flow cytometric apoptosis assay, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and serum-free sphere formation assays were used. In vivo animal experiments and human ESCC tissues were used to confirm the findings. RESULTS In vitro and in vivo animal experiments, M2-TAMs reduced the sensitivity of ESCC cells to cisplatin. Mechanistically, M2-TAMs highly secreted TGF-β1 which activated the TGFβR1-smad2/3 pathway to promote and maintain the stemness characteristic of ESCC cells, which could inhibit the sensitivity to cisplatin. Using TGFβ signaling inhibitor SB431542 or knockdown of TGFβR1 could reverse the cisplatin resistance of ESCC cells. In 92 cases of human ESCC tissues, individuals with a high density of M2-TAMs had considerably higher levels of TGF-β1. These patients also had worse prognoses and richer stemness markers. CONCLUSION TGF-β1 secreted from M2-TAMs promoted and maintained the stemness characteristic to induce cisplatin resistance in ESCC by activating the TGFβ1-Smad2/3 pathway.
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Li Y, Lei Y, Sun J, Zhang W, Li X, Chen S, Kong D, Chen C, Bi K, Luo X, Wang H, Li B, Luo H, Xu Y. A promising research direction for colorectal cancer immunotherapy: The regulatory mechanism of CCL5 in colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1020400. [PMID: 36387070 PMCID: PMC9664061 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more effective treatments for CRC patients. In recent years, there has been some success in the immunotherapy of tumors, and immunotherapy has been used in many solid tumors including CRC. To date, the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy for CRC is limited, so more effective immunotherapy methods need to be explored. In patients with CRC, the CC chemokine CCL5 plays a role in the development of CRC and the recruitment and activation of immune cells, suggesting that it has potential for immunotherapy. This review mainly introduces the latest advances in the study of CCL5 acting as a marker of CRC and related mechanisms of immunotherapy, as well as the latest understanding of how CCL5 is involved in the invasion and development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansen Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiaxue Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wanfu Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sijing Chen
- Yan’an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Deshenyue Kong
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ke Bi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Yan’an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Xu, ; Huayou Luo, ; Bo Li,
| | - Huayou Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Xu, ; Huayou Luo, ; Bo Li,
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Xu, ; Huayou Luo, ; Bo Li,
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Liu X, Qin J, Nie J, Sun H, Pan Y, Wang S. Reclassifying TNM stage I/II colorectal cancer into two subgroups with different overall survival, tumor microenvironment, and response to immune checkpoint blockade treatment. Front Genet 2022; 13:948920. [PMID: 36212126 PMCID: PMC9532767 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.948920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The traditional TNM staging system is often insufficient to differentiate the survival discrepancies of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients at TNM stage I/II. Our study aimed to reclassify stage I/II CRC patients into several subgroups with different prognoses and explore their suitable therapeutic methods. Methods: Single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing data, bulk RNA sequencing data, and clinicopathological information of CRC patients were enrolled from the TCGA and GEO databases. The tumor microenvironment of CRC tissues was accessed by the ESTIMATE algorithm. The prognostic genes were identified by Cox regression analysis. GO and KEGG analyses were conducted in the DAVID database. GSEA analysis was performed for annotation of the correlated gene sets. Results: We successfully reclassified stage I/II CRC patients into two subgroups and discovered that patients in cluster-2 underwent worse overall survival than those in cluster-1. GSEA analysis showed that immune-associated gene sets were positively enriched in cluster-2. Besides, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between cluster-1 and cluster-2 patients also participated in immune-related biological processes and signaling pathways. Moreover, we found that more immune cells infiltrated the microenvironment of cluster-2 patients compared to that of cluster-1 patients, such as Tregs and tumor-associated macrophages. ScRNA sequencing analysis uncovered that most of the enriched immune-associated signaling in cluster-2 patients was mainly attributed to these upregulated immune cells whose infiltration levels were also high in CRC tissues rather than in normal tissues. In addition, we demonstrated that the expression of immune checkpoint genes was significantly higher in cluster-2 patients compared to cluster-1 patients. ScRNA sequencing analysis revealed that the infiltrated CD8+T cells in CRC were naïve T cells and can be activated into effector T cells after immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment. Conclusion: TNM stage I/II CRC patients can be divided into two subgroups, which have different overall survival rates, tumor microenvironment, and response to ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Qin
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Nie
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiling Sun
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqin Pan
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Yuqin Pan, ; Shukui Wang,
| | - Shukui Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Yuqin Pan, ; Shukui Wang,
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22
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The Roles of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Prostate Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8580043. [PMID: 36117852 PMCID: PMC9473905 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8580043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The morbidity of prostate cancer (PCa) is rising year by year, and it has become the primary cause of tumor-related mortality in males. It is widely accepted that macrophages account for 50% of the tumor mass in solid tumors and have emerged as a crucial participator in multiple stages of PCa, with the huge potential for further treatment. Oftentimes, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) behave like M2-like phenotypes that modulate malignant hallmarks of tumor lesions, ranging from tumorigenesis to metastasis. Several clinical studies indicated that mean TAM density was higher in human PCa cores versus benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and increased biopsy TAM density potentially predicts worse clinicopathological characteristics as well. Therefore, TAM represents a promising target for therapeutic intervention either alone or in combination with other strategies to halt the “vicious cycle,” thus improving oncological outcomes. Herein, we mainly focus on the fundamental aspects of TAMs in prostate adenocarcinoma, while reviewing the mechanisms responsible for macrophage recruitment and polarization, which has clinical translational implications for the exploitation of potentially effective therapies against TAMs.
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Early Steps of Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112613. [PMID: 35681591 PMCID: PMC9179469 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with lung cancer benefit from more effective treatments, such as targeted therapies, and the overall survival has increased in the past decade. However, the efficacy of targeted therapies is limited due to the emergence of resistance. Growing evidence suggests that resistances may arise from a small population of drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells. Understanding the mechanisms underlying DTP survival is therefore crucial to develop therapeutic strategies to prevent the development of resistance. Herein, we propose an overview of the current scientific knowledge about the characterisation of DTP, and summarise the new therapeutic strategies that are tested to target these cells. Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men and women worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective therapies for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harbouring EGFR-activating mutations, but are not curative due to the inevitable emergence of resistances. Recent in vitro studies suggest that resistance to EGFR-TKI may arise from a small population of drug-tolerant persister cells (DTP) through non-genetic reprogramming, by entering a reversible slow-to-non-proliferative state, before developing genetically derived resistances. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms governing the dynamics of the drug-tolerant state is therefore a priority to provide sustainable therapeutic solutions for patients. An increasing number of molecular mechanisms underlying DTP survival are being described, such as chromatin and epigenetic remodelling, the reactivation of anti-apoptotic/survival pathways, metabolic reprogramming, and interactions with their micro-environment. Here, we review and discuss the existing proposed mechanisms involved in the DTP state. We describe their biological features, molecular mechanisms of tolerance, and the therapeutic strategies that are tested to target the DTP.
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Chen X, Song QL, Ji R, Wang JY, Li ZH, Xiao ZN, Guo D, Yang J. Hypoxia-induced polarization of M2 macrophages and CCL5 secretion promotes the migration and invasion of trophoblasts. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:834-845. [PMID: 35594449 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early stage of pregnancy, hypoxia in the placenta is of great significance to the migration and invasion of trophoblasts. In addition, changes to the polarity and activity of macrophages can affect embryo implantation, trophoblast migration and invasion, and vascular remodeling by affecting cytokine secretion. However, the mechanism of the effects of hypoxic conditions in the placenta on trophoblasts remains unknown. We used gene knockdown on macrophages, and drug treatment on trophoblasts, and cultured them under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. The cells were then subjected to wound healing assays, Transwell cell invasion experiments, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The polarization of macrophages in each group, the migration and invasion ability of trophoblasts, and changes to the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway were detected. Hypoxic conditions induce M2 polarization of macrophages. The conditioned medium from macrophages under hypoxic conditions increased the migration and invasion of trophoblasts, and enhanced the levels of phosphorylated (p)-PI3K and p-AKT in trophoblasts. After CCL5 knockdown in macrophages, the ability of conditioned medium from macrophages cultured under hypoxic conditions to promote the migration and invasion of trophoblasts was weakened significantly. The use of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway agonists could reverse the attenuation effect caused by CCL5 knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Qian Lin Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Rui Ji
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Jia Yu Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Ze Hong Li
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Zhuo Ni Xiao
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - DuanYing Guo
- Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, Hubei
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Huldani H, Jasim SA, Sergeenva KN, Bokov DO, Abdelbasset WK, Turakulov R, Al-Gazally ME, Ahmadzadeh B, Jawhar ZH, Siahmansouri H. Mechanisms of cancer stem cells drug resistance and the pivotal role of HMGA2. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 234:153906. [PMID: 35468338 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the focus of researchers is on perceiving the heterogeneity observed in a tumor. The researchers studied the role of a specific subset of cancer cells with high resistance to traditional treatments, recurrence, and unregulated metastasis. This small population of tumor cells that have stem-cell-like specifications was named Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). The unique features that distinguish this type of cancer cell are self-renewing, generating clones of the tumor, plasticity, recurrence, and resistance to therapies. There are various mechanisms that contribute to the drug resistance of CSCs, such as CSCs markers, Epithelial mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, other cells, inflammation, and signaling pathways. Recent investigations have revealed the primary role of HMGA2 in the development and invasion of cancer cells. Importantly, HMGA2 also plays a key role in resistance to treatment through their function in the drug resistance mechanisms of CSCs and challenge it. Therefore, a deep understanding of this issue can provide a clearer perspective for researchers in the face of this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huldani Huldani
- Department of Physiology, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Borneo, Indonesia
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Klunko Nataliya Sergeenva
- Department of post-graduate and doctoral programs, Russian New University, Building 5, Radio Street, Moscow City, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., Bldg. 2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rustam Turakulov
- Department of Internal diseases, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Behnam Ahmadzadeh
- Doctoral School of the University of Szczecin, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Zanko Hassan Jawhar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Homayoon Siahmansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Zhu S, Yi M, Wu Y, Dong B, Wu K. Roles of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor progression: implications on therapeutic strategies. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:60. [PMID: 34965886 PMCID: PMC8715617 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that present as different functional phenotypes due to their plasticity. They can be classified into two categories, namely M1- and M2-like macrophages, which are involved in processes as diverse as anti-tumor activity and immunosuppressive tumor promotion. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are defined as being of an M2-type and are considered as the active component in tumor microenvironment. TAMs are involved in multiple processes of tumor progression through the expression of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, protein hydrolases and more, which lead to enhance tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression, which in turn supports invasion and metastasis. It is assumed that the abundance of TAMs in major solid tumors is correlated to a negative patient prognosis. Because of the currently available data of the TAMs’ role in tumor development, these cells have emerged as a promising target for novel cancer treatment strategies. In this paper, we will briefly describe the origins and types of TAMs and will try to comprehensively show how TAMs contribute to tumorigenesis and disease progression. Finally, we will present the main TAM-based therapeutic strategies currently available.
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Blockade of Autocrine CCL5 Responses Inhibits Zika Virus Persistence and Spread in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. mBio 2021; 12:e0196221. [PMID: 34399621 PMCID: PMC8406327 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01962-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neurovirulent flavivirus that uniquely causes fetal microcephaly, is sexually transmitted, and persists in patients for up to 6 months. ZIKV persistently infects human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) that form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enables viral spread to neuronal compartments. We found that CCL5, a chemokine with prosurvival effects on immune cells, was highly secreted by ZIKV-infected hBMECs. Although roles for CCL5 in endothelial cell (EC) survival remain unknown, the presence of the CCL5 receptors CCR3 and CCR5 on ECs suggested that CCL5 could promote ZIKV persistence in hBMECs. We found that exogenous CCL5 induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in hBMECs and that ERK1/2 cell survival signaling was similarly activated by ZIKV infection. Neutralizing antibodies to CCL5, CCR3, or CCR5 inhibited persistent ZIKV infection of hBMECs. While knockout (KO) of CCL5 failed to prevent ZIKV infection of hBMECs, at 3 days postinfection (dpi), we observed a >90% reduction in ZIKV-infected CCL5-KO hBMECs and a multilog reduction in ZIKV titers. In contrast, the addition of CCL5 to CCL5-KO hBMECs dose-dependently rescued ZIKV persistence in hBMECs. Inhibiting CCL5 responses using CCR3 (UCB35625) and CCR5 (maraviroc) receptor antagonists reduced the number of ZIKV-infected hBMECs and ZIKV titers (50% inhibitory concentrations [IC50s] of 2.5 to 12 μM), without cytotoxicity (50% cytotoxic concentration [CC50] of >80 μM). These findings demonstrate that ZIKV-induced CCL5 directs autocrine CCR3/CCR5 activation of ERK1/2 survival responses that are required for ZIKV to persistently infect hBMECs. Our results establish roles for CCL5 in ZIKV persistence and suggest the potential for CCL5 receptor antagonists to therapeutically inhibit ZIKV spread and neurovirulence.
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