Estrogen-eluting stent implantation inhibits neointimal formation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation

Biomaterials and advanced technologies for the evaluation and treatment of ovarian aging

Ovarian aging is characterized by a progressive decline in ovarian function. With the increase in life expectancy worldwide, ovarian aging has gradually become a key health problem among women. Over the years, various strategies have been developed to preserve fertility in women, while there are currently no clinical treatments to delay ovarian aging. Recently, advances in biomaterials and technologies, such as three-dimensional (3D) printing and microfluidics for the encapsulation of follicles and nanoparticles as delivery systems for drugs, have shown potential to be translational strategies for ovarian aging. This review introduces the research progress on the mechanisms underlying ovarian aging, and summarizes the current state of biomaterials in the evaluation and treatment of ovarian aging, including safety, potential applications, future directions and difficulties in translation.

GPER-novel membrane oestrogen receptor

The recent discovery of the G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER) presents new challenges and opportunities for understanding the physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology of many diseases. This review will focus on the expression and function of GPER in hypertension, kidney disease, atherosclerosis, vascular remodelling, heart failure, reproduction, metabolic disorders, cancer, environmental health and menopause. Furthermore, this review will highlight the potential of GPER as a therapeutic target.

Comparative pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution analysis of systemically administered 17-β-estradiol and its metabolites in vivo delivered using a cationic nanoemulsion or a peptide-modified nanoemulsion system for targeting atherosclerosis

The primary objective of this study was to compare the biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profile of 17-β-estradiol (17-βE) on systemic delivery using either the cationic or the CREKA-peptide-modified (Cysteine-Arginine-Glutamic-acid-Lysine-Alanine) omega-3-fatty acid oil containing nanoemulsion system in vivo in the wild type C57BL/6 mice. Higher blood concentrations of 17-βE, higher accumulation in the tissues of interest - heart and aorta, and higher accumulation within the other tissues - liver and kidney was observed on delivering 17-βE using the CREKA-peptide-modified nanoemulsion system (AUClast in plasma - 263.89±21.81min*%/injected dose/ml) as compared to the cationic nanoemulsion (AUClast in plasma - 20.2±1.86min*%/injected dose/ml) and solution form (AUClast in plasma - 44.9±1.24min*%/injected dose/ml) respectively. Both, the cationic nanoemulsion and the CREKA-peptide-modified nanoemulsion showed a higher relative targeting efficiency of 4.57 and 4.86 respectively for 17-βE than the relative targeting efficiency of 1.78 observed with the solution form. In conclusion, since the maximum exposure (highest AUClast for plasma and tissues) for 17-βE was observed with the CREKA-peptide-modified nanoemulsion system, the study shows that CREKA-peptide-modified nanoemulsion system was the most suitable vehicle for systemic delivery of 17-βE in the wild type C57BL/6 mice.