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Musumeci G, Lettieri C, Limbruno U, Senni M, Guagliumi G, Valsecchi O, Angiolillo D, Rossini R, Capodanno D. Impact of bridging with perioperative low-molecular-weight heparin on cardiac and bleeding outcomes of stented patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Thromb Haemost 2017; 114:423-31. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-12-1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryWhen patients with coronary stents undergo non-cardiac surgery, bridging therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is not infrequent in clinical practice. However, the efficacy and safety of this approach is poorly understood. This was a retrospective analysis of patients with coronary stent(s) on any antiplatelet therapy undergoing non-cardiac surgery between March 2003 and February 2012. The primary efficacy endpoint was the 30-day incidence of major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events (MACCE), defined as the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome leading to hospitalisation, or stroke. The primary safety endpoint was the 30-day composite of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) bleedings ≥ 2. Among 515 patients qualifying for the analysis, LMWH bridging was used in 251 (49 %). At 30 days, MACCE occurred more frequently in patients who received LMWH (7.2 % vs 1.1 %, p=0.001), driven by a higher rate of myocardial infarction (4.8 % vs 0 %, p< 0.001). This finding was consistent across several instances of statistical adjustment and after the propensity matching of 179 pairs. Patients bridged with LMWH also experienced a significantly higher risk of BARC bleedings ≥ 2 (21.9 % vs 11.7 %, p=0.002) compared to those who were not, which remained significant across different methods of statistical adjustment and propensity matching. In conclusion, LMWH bridging in patients with coronary stents undergoing surgery is a common and possibly harmful practice, resulting in worse ischaemic outcomes at 30 days, and a significant risk of bleeding.
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Bleeding Complications Before Angiography in Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68:2619-2621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Honda Y, Yamawaki M, Mori S, Shirai S, Makino K, Tokuda T, Maruyama T, Takafuji H, Takama T, Tsutumi M, Sakamoto Y, Takimura H, Kobayashi N, Araki M, Hirano K, Sakai T, Ito Y. Frequency and predictors of bleeding events after 2nd generation drug-eluting stent implantation differ depending on time after implantation. J Cardiol 2016; 69:632-639. [PMID: 27371500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiplatelet therapy is required after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation, but bleeding events occur unexpectedly. We aimed to assess whether bleeding event predictors after 2nd generation DES (2nd DES) implantation differed by time after implantation. METHODS We studied 1912 consecutive patients who underwent successful 2nd DES implantation (70±10 years, 72% male). Bleeding events were recorded as early (≤1 year) and late (>1 year). Major bleeding events were defined as a composite of type 5, 3, and 2 bleeding in the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria. Predictors were assessed using a Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS Bleeding event rates were 3.3%, 5.1%, and 6.7% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively, with the highest 1-year rate in year 1 (p<0.001). Cause and severity of bleeding events were similar between early and late bleeding events. Prior history of gastrointestinal bleeding, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and triple antithrombotic therapy [adjusted risk ratio (RR): 3.68, 3.21, 4.57, respectively; p<0.01] were independent predictors of early bleeding events. Age >80 years and severe renal dysfunction (adjusted RR: 2.27, 2.02, respectively; p<0.01) were independent predictors of late bleeding events. Survival rate was significantly lower in patients with bleeding events compared with patients without bleeding events (82.4% vs 90.1%; p<0.001). CONCLUSION Frequency and predictors of bleeding events after 2nd DES implantation differ by time after implantation. Treatment strategies corresponding to individual patients are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohsuke Honda
- Saiseikai Yokohama City Eastern Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | | | - Shinsuke Mori
- Saiseikai Yokohama City Eastern Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Makino
- Saiseikai Yokohama City Eastern Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takuro Takama
- Saiseikai Yokohama City Eastern Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Motoharu Araki
- Saiseikai Yokohama City Eastern Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hirano
- Saiseikai Yokohama City Eastern Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sakai
- Saiseikai Yokohama City Eastern Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Saiseikai Yokohama City Eastern Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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Belardi J, Manoharan G, Albertal M, Widimský P, Neumann FJ, Silber S, Leon MB, Saito S. The influence of age on clinical outcomes in patients treated with the resolute zotarolimus-eluting stent. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 87:253-61. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.25334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Belardi
- Department of Cardiology; Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ganesh Manoharan
- Cardiology Department; Royal Victoria Hospital; Belfast Northern Ireland United Kingdom
| | - Mariano Albertal
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Department of Images; Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Petr Widimský
- Cardiology Department, the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University & University Hospital Royal Vineyards; Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Sigmund Silber
- Department of Cardiology; Heart Centre at the Isar; Munich Germany
| | - Martin B. Leon
- Department of Medicine; Division of Cardiology; Columbia University Medical Center and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital; New York New York
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Cardiology & Catheterization Laboratories; Shonan Kamakura General Hospital; Kamakura City Japan
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Duration of Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy Post-Percutaneous Intervention: Is There A Correct Amount of Time? Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 58:285-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Capodanno D, Rossini R, Musumeci G, Lettieri C, Senni M, Valsecchi O, Angiolillo DJ, Lip GY. Predictive accuracy of CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores in patients without atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and discharged on dual antiplatelet therapy. Int J Cardiol 2015; 199:319-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Czarny MJ, Nathan AS, Yeh RW, Mauri L. Adherence to dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting: a systematic review. Clin Cardiol 2014; 37:505-13. [PMID: 24797884 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is critical after coronary stenting. Although adherence rates are frequently assessed in clinical trials, adherence rates in the unselected population recommended for treatment but beyond clinical trials are largely unknown. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of published observational studies to describe rates of DAPT adherence, trends in DAPT use over time, and patient-level factors associated with nonadherence. HYPOTHESIS DAPT adherence declines with increasing time after drug-eluting stent implantation. METHODS PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, and Web of Knowledge were searched through November 20, 2012 for studies including patients receiving 1 or more drug-eluting stents and reporting the use of aspirin and/or thienopyridines, or assessing factors associated with nonadherence to DAPT after bare metal or drug-eluting stent placement. RESULTS We included 34 studies in the description of DAPT adherence and 11 studies in the description of factors associated with nonadherence. Adherence to DAPT and thienopyridines was high at 1 month but declined by 12 months. Aspirin adherence was at least 90% throughout. Factors associated with nonadherence included bleeding, lower education level, immigrant status, and lack of education regarding DAPT. CONCLUSIONS DAPT adherence is suboptimal at 12 months, and interventions to increase adherence should focus on reducing bleeding risk and improving communication between patients and physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Czarny
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
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Kwok CS, Rao SV, Myint PK, Keavney B, Nolan J, Ludman PF, de Belder MA, Loke YK, Mamas MA. Major bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention and risk of subsequent mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Heart 2014; 1:e000021. [PMID: 25332786 PMCID: PMC4195929 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2013-000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between periprocedural bleeding complications and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and mortality outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and study differences in the prognostic impact of different bleeding definitions. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of PCI studies that evaluated periprocedural bleeding complications and their impact on MACEs and mortality outcomes. A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was conducted to identify relevant studies. Data from relevant studies were extracted and random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the risk of adverse outcomes with periprocedural bleeding. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed by considering the I(2) statistic. RESULTS 42 relevant studies were identified including 533 333 patients. Meta-analysis demonstrated that periprocedural major bleeding complications was independently associated with increased risk of mortality (OR 3.31 (2.86 to 3.82), I(2)=80%) and MACEs (OR 3.89 (3.26 to 4.64), I(2)=42%). A differential impact of major bleeding as defined by different bleeding definitions on mortality outcomes was observed, in which the REPLACE-2 (OR 6.69, 95% CI 2.26 to 19.81), STEEPLE (OR 6.59, 95% CI 3.89 to 11.16) and BARC (OR 5.40, 95% CI 1.74 to 16.74) had the worst prognostic impacts while HORIZONS-AMI (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.05) had the least impact on mortality outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Major bleeding after PCI is independently associated with a threefold increase in mortality and MACEs outcomes. Different contemporary bleeding definitions have differential impacts on mortality outcomes, with 1.5-6.7-fold increases in mortality observed depending on the definition of major bleeding used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shing Kwok
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sunil V Rao
- Department of Cardiology, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Phyo K Myint
- Division of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Bernard Keavney
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James Nolan
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Peter F Ludman
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark A de Belder
- Cardiothoracic Division, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Yoon K Loke
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Abstract
Stent implantation in coronary stenosis has revolutionized the treatment of coronary artery disease. The introduction of antirestenotic drug coatings further improved their efficacy in reducing target vessel revascularizations. With increasing use of drug-eluting stents (DES), stent thrombosis (ST) rose as potentially fatal major complication. Initially, the incidence of ST late after stent implantation seemed to be similar for DES and bare metal stents until several studies proved otherwise in first-generation DES. Since then, the design and components of DES have been changed and new polymers, drugs and different combinations of platelet inhibitors have been introduced to further improve the safety of DES. In this review, the authors focus on the relationship between DES, lesion anatomy, implantation technique and pharmacology to avoid the occurrence of ST. Furthermore, the relationship between dual antiplatelet therapy, bleeding rate and its significant impact on patient outcome is discussed. Finally, some promising future concepts are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian N Riede
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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De Servi S, Mariani G, Mariani M, D’Urbano M. The bivalirudin paradox. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2013; 14:334-41. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e32835f1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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El Mallah W, Moliterno DJ. Early and late outcome associated with bleeding events in the setting of dual antiplatelet therapy following stent placement. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 80:406-7. [PMID: 22933348 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.24566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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