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Geisslitz S, Pronin D, Neerukonda M, Curella V, Neufang S, Koch S, Weichert H, Weber H, Börner A, Schuppan D, Scherf KA. Breeding from 1891 to 2010 did not increase the content of amylase/trypsin-inhibitors in wheat (Triticum aestivum). NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:43. [PMID: 37612428 PMCID: PMC10447418 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hypersensitivities towards wheat has increased in the last decades. Apart from celiac disease these include allergic and other inflammatory reactions summarized under the term non-celiac wheat sensitivity. One suspected trigger is the family of amylase/trypsin-inhibitors (ATIs), non-gluten proteins that are prominent wheat allergens and that activate the toll-like receptor 4 on intestinal immune cells to promote intestinal and extra-intestinal inflammation. We therefore quantified 13 ATIs in 60 German hexaploid winter wheat cultivars originating from 1891 to 2010 and harvested in three years by targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with stable isotope dilution assay using specific marker peptides as internal standards. The total ATI content and that of the two major ATIs 0.19 and CM3 did not change from old cultivars (first registered from 1891 to 1950) to modern cultivars (1951-2010). There were also no significant changes in ATI distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Geisslitz
- Department of Bioactive and Functional Food Chemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20 a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Darina Pronin
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Manjusha Neerukonda
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Valentina Curella
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sibylle Neufang
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Koch
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko Weichert
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hans Weber
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Andreas Börner
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland/OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Katharina Anne Scherf
- Department of Bioactive and Functional Food Chemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20 a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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Golea CM, Stroe SG, Gâtlan AM, Codină GG. Physicochemical Characteristics and Microstructure of Ancient and Common Wheat Grains Cultivated in Romania. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112138. [PMID: 37299117 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Different wheat species, common wheat (Triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum), spelt (Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta) and einkorn (Triticum monococcum subsp. monococcum), were analyzed for physicochemical (moisture, ash, protein, wet gluten, lipid, starch, carbohydrates, test weight and thousand-kernel mass) and mineral elements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) concentrations in grains. Additionally, wheat grain microstructure was determined using a scanning electron microscope. SEM micrographs of wheat grains show that einkorn has smaller type A starch granule diameters and more compact protein bonds compared to common wheat and spelt grains, making it easier to digest. The ancient wheat grains presented higher values for ash, protein, wet gluten and lipid content compared to the common wheat grains, whereas the carbohydrates and starch content were significantly (p < 0.05) lower. The mean values showed that spelt (Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta) grains presented the highest values for Ca, Mg and K, while einkorn (Triticum monococcum subsp. monococcum) grains had the highest values for the microelements Zn, Mn and Cu. The highest values of Fe were recorded for common wheat varieties whereas no significant differences among the species were obtained for Na content. The principal component analysis (p > 0.05) between wheat flours characteristics showed a close association between wheat grain species and between the chemical characteristics of gluten and protein content (r = 0.994), lipid and ash content (r = 0.952) and starch and carbohydrate content (r = 0.927), for which high positive significant correlations (p < 0.05) were obtained. Taking into account that Romania is the fourth largest wheat producer at the European level, this study is of great global importance. According to the results obtained, the ancient species have higher nutritional value from the point of view of chemical compounds and macro elements of minerals. This may be of great importance for consumers who demand bakery products with high nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Maria Golea
- Faculty of Food Engineering, "Ştefan cel Mare" University, 720229 Suceava, Romania
- Vegetal Genetic Resources Bank "Mihai Cristea", 720224 Suceava, Romania
| | - Silviu-Gabriel Stroe
- Faculty of Food Engineering, "Ştefan cel Mare" University, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Anca-Mihaela Gâtlan
- Faculty of Food Engineering, "Ştefan cel Mare" University, 720229 Suceava, Romania
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Durmus Y, Anil M, Simsek S. Effects of hazelnut skin, cross‐linked starch, and oxidized starch on wheat flour and dough quality. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Durmus
- Department of Food Engineering Ordu University Ordu Turkey
- Department of Food Engineering Ondokuzmayis University Atakum, Samsun Turkey
- Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA
| | - Munir Anil
- Department of Food Engineering Ondokuzmayis University Atakum, Samsun Turkey
| | - Senay Simsek
- Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA
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Penuelas J, Gargallo-Garriga A, Janssens IA, Ciais P, Obersteiner M, Klem K, Urban O, Zhu YG, Sardans J. Could Global Intensification of Nitrogen Fertilisation Increase Immunogenic Proteins and Favour the Spread of Coeliac Pathology? Foods 2020; 9:E1602. [PMID: 33158083 PMCID: PMC7694225 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilisation of cereal crops with nitrogen (N) has increased in the last five decades. In particular, the fertilisation of wheat crops increased by nearly one order of magnitude from 1961 to 2010, from 9.84 to 93.8 kg N ha-1 y-1. We hypothesized that this intensification of N fertilisation would increase the content of allergenic proteins in wheat which could likely be associated with the increased pathology of coeliac disease in human populations. An increase in the per capita intake of gliadin proteins, the group of gluten proteins principally responsible for the development of coeliac disease, would be the responsible factor. We conducted a global meta-analysis of available reports that supported our hypothesis: wheat plants growing in soils receiving higher doses of N fertilizer have higher total gluten, total gliadin, α/β-gliadin, γ-gliadin and ω-gliadin contents and higher gliadin transcription in their grain. We thereafter calculated the per capita annual average intake of gliadins from wheat and derived foods and found that it increased from 1961 to 2010 from approximately 2.4 to 3.8 kg y-1 per capita (+1.4 ± 0.18 kg y-1 per capita, mean ± SE), i.e., increased by 58 ± 7.5%. Finally, we found that this increase was positively correlated with the increase in the rates of coeliac disease in all the available studies with temporal series of coeliac disease. The impacts and damage of over-fertilisation have been observed at an environmental scale (e.g., eutrophication and acid rain), but a potential direct effect of over-fertilisation is thus also possible on human health (coeliac disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (J.S.)
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Catalonia, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.U.)
| | - Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (J.S.)
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Catalonia, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.U.)
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Sciences, Institute Pierre Simon Laplace (PSL), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- Ecosystems Services and Management, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria;
| | - Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.U.)
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.U.)
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain; (A.G.-G.); (J.S.)
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Catalonia, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (O.U.)
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