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Wang T, Wang C, Pang L, Zhang Y, Wang S, Liang X, Huang Z. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated coxsackievirus B4 viral particles. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2337665. [PMID: 38551145 PMCID: PMC11000607 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2337665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) is associated with a range of acute and chronic diseases such as hand, foot, and mouth disease, myocarditis, meningitis, pancreatitis, and type 1 diabetes, affecting millions of young children annually around the world. However, no vaccine is currently available for preventing CVB4 infection. Here, we report the development of inactivated viral particle vaccines for CVB4. Two types of inactivated CVB4 particles were prepared from CVB4-infected cell cultures as vaccine antigens, including F-particle (also called mature virion) consisting of VP1, VP3, VP2, and VP4 subunit proteins, and E-particle (also called empty capsid) which is made of VP1, VP3, and uncleaved VP0. Both the inactivated CVB4 F-particle and E-particle were able to potently elicit neutralizing antibodies in mice, despite slightly lower neutralizing antibody titres seen with the E-particle vaccine after the third immunization. Importantly, we demonstrated that passive transfer of either anti-F-particle or anti-E-particle sera could completely protect the recipient mice from lethal CVB4 challenge. Our study not only defines the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated CVB4 F-particle and E-particle but also reveals the central role of neutralizing antibodies in anti-CVB4 protective immunity, thus providing important information that may accelerate the development of inactivated CVB4 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingfeng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chiyuan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Pang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhen Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Machado RS, Tavares FN, Sousa IP. Global landscape of coxsackieviruses in human health. Virus Res 2024; 344:199367. [PMID: 38561065 PMCID: PMC11002681 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Coxsackieviruses-induced infections, particularly in infants and young children, are one of the most important public health issues in low- and middle-income countries, where the surveillance system varies substantially, and these manifestations have been disregarded. They are widespread throughout the world and are responsible for a broad spectrum of human diseases, from mildly symptomatic conditions to severe acute and chronic disorders. Coxsackieviruses (CV) have been found to have 27 identified genotypes, with overlaps in clinical phenotypes between genotypes. In this review, we present a concise overview of the most recent studies and findings of coxsackieviruses-associated disorders, along with epidemiological data that provides comprehensive details on the distribution, variability, and clinical manifestations of different CV types. We also highlight the significant roles that CV infections play in the emergence of neurodegenerative illnesses and their effects on neurocognition. The current role of CVs in oncolytic virotherapy is also mentioned. This review provides readers with a better understanding of coxsackieviruses-associated disorders and pointing the impact that CV infections can have on different organs with variable pathogenicity. A deeper knowledge of these infections could have implications in designing current surveillance and prevention strategies related to severe CVs-caused infections, as well as encourage studies to identify the emergence of more pathogenic types and the etiology of the most common and most severe disorders associated with coxsackievirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiana S Machado
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brasil; Laboratório de Referência Regional em Enteroviroses, Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Rodovia BR 316‑ KM 07, S/N Bairro Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA 67030000, Brasil
| | - Fernando N Tavares
- Laboratório de Referência Regional em Enteroviroses, Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Rodovia BR 316‑ KM 07, S/N Bairro Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA 67030000, Brasil
| | - Ivanildo P Sousa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brasil.
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Sarshari B, Zareh-Khoshchehreh R, Keshavarz M, Dehghan Manshadi SA, SeyedAlinaghi S, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Mohebbi SR. The possible role of viral infections in acute pancreatitis: a review of literature. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2023; 16:270-281. [PMID: 37767323 PMCID: PMC10520394 DOI: 10.22037/ghfbb.v16i2.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis, a potentially fatal disease, with symptoms including nausea and/or vomiting, indigestion, and abdominal pain, is known to range from a mild self-limiting state up to a more severe and lethal form. This review aims to provide a clearer picture to improve understanding the role of viral agents in the development of acute pancreatitis. Common databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were used for the literature search. In this review search terms including virus, viral, infection, and specific descriptive terms for a virus were considered in different combinations. Various causative agents are recognized in the development of acute pancreatitis as one of the most frequent gastrointestinal diseases, such as gallstones, alcoholism, and hypertriglyceridemia. Microbial pathogens with about 10% of acute pancreatitis cases, mainly viruses, among other factors, are thought to play a role in this regard. Once the pancreatitis diagnosis has been made, depending on the causative agent, the management approach and specific interventions affect the final outcome. Virus-induced acute pancreatitis in patients should be considered. Advanced diagnostic tests such as PCR, in situ hybridization, and biopsy can help for a better understanding of the role of viruses in causing acute pancreatitis. Improvement in the tests will lead to timely diagnosis, treatment, and better management of pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrang Sarshari
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Keshavarz
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Dehghan Manshadi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mohebbi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Simons-Linares CR, Imam Z, Chahal P. Viral-Attributed Acute Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:2162-2172. [PMID: 32789532 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Infectious etiologies are rare cause of acute pancreatitis (AP). We sought to investigate the frequency of viral-attributed AP (VIAP) and describe its natural course and clinical features. Comprehensive review of PubMed and EMBASE in English until December 31, 2019, was performed. AP diagnosis and severity were defined per the Revised Atlanta Classification. Viral infections were diagnosed by serology and/or histology. A diagnosis of viral infection, with a concurrent AP diagnosis, a temporal resolution of both entities, and the attempt to exclude the most common etiologies of AP defined VIAP. Two independent reviewers reviewed eligible publications. Bias risk was assessed with the Murad tool. A total of 209 cases identified in 128 publications met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 38.9 ± 1.28 years. Male-to-female ratio was 2.2:1, and 28% of patients were immunocompromised. Viral hepatitis (A, B, C, D and E) was the most common virus and accounted for 34.4% of cases, followed by coxsackie and echoviruses (14.8%), hemorrhagic fever viruses (12.4%), CMV (12.0%), VZV (10.5%), mumps and measles (3.8%), primary HIV infection (3.8%), HSV (1.9%), EBV (1.9%), and the remainder of cases (2.9%) attributed to adenovirus, influenza H1N1, and multiple viruses. Severity of AP was: 43.1% mild, 11.7% moderately severe, 32.4% severe. Death occurred in 42 (20.1%) patients. A significant portion of VIAP patients were immunocompromised (28.0%) and accounted for 71.4% of mortality cases. Mortality was higher than that reported for AP from other etiologies in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roberto Simons-Linares
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Zaid Imam
- Department of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Prabhleen Chahal
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Imam Z, Simons-Linares CR, Chahal P. Infectious causes of acute pancreatitis: A systematic review. Pancreatology 2020; 20:1312-1322. [PMID: 32938554 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious etiologies of acute pancreatitis (AP) are rare and include viruses, bacteria, mycobacteria, parasites, and fungi. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive review on infectious etiologies of AP analyzing the frequency, clinical features, and outcomes of individuals presenting with this condition. METHODS Eligible articles reporting on AP attributed to infectious etiologies were included. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed from time of inception and until September 6,2019 was performed using all relevant MeSH (medical subject heading) keywords. Articles were assessed for eligibility and independently reviewed by two reviewers for clinical features of AP, local complications, and mortality. Methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Murad tool. RESULTS A total of 212 articles were included, of which 168 (79.2%) were at high risk of bias. 320 cases of AP were identified. Viruses were the leading etiology of infection attributed AP (65.3%) followed by helminths (19.1%), and bacteria (12.5%). Protozoa, mycobacteria, and fungi accounted for the remaining 3.1% of cases. Mean age was 40.5 ± 18.4 years and M:F ratio was 1.94:1. Mortality occurred in 50 patients. Mortality rate was higher in the virus attributed AP patients than AP from other infectious etiologies (21.8% vs. 7.0%, p < 0.0005). INTERPRETATION Literature quality on infection attributed AP is limited. Virus attributed AP appears to carry a higher mortality than other etiologies of infection attributed AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Imam
- Department of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - C Roberto Simons-Linares
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Prabhleen Chahal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Egashira F, Kawashima M, Morikawa A, Kosuda M, Ishihara H, Watanabe K. A rare case of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus accompanied by both acute pancreatitis and myocarditis - case report. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:127. [PMID: 32811476 PMCID: PMC7437161 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1D) is a newly established subtype of type 1 diabetes. Its etiology has not been fully elucidated. Several cases with FT1D have exhibited pancreatitis or myocarditis. CASE PRESENTATION We report a 31-year-old Japanese woman who showed upper abdominal pain and was admitted to a local hospital. She was initially diagnosed with acute pancreatitis based on serum amylase elevation and swelling of the pancreas on computed tomography. Four days after admission, she developed diabetic ketoacidosis and was transferred to our hospital. Her symptoms and laboratory findings met the FT1D criteria. On the 3rd hospital day, electrocardiography (ECG) showed ST-segment elevation, and serum cardiac enzymes were markedly elevated. Because she exhibited late gadolinium enhancement in the apical wall on contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, she was diagnosed as acute myocarditis. Abnormal ECG findings and elevations of biomarkers associated with myocarditis showed improvement on the next day. CONCLUSIONS This is the first case of FT1D accompanied by both pancreatitis and myocarditis and suggests that the pathophysiology of FT1D is related to the common etiology of acute pancreatitis and myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujiko Egashira
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Midori Kawashima
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Ai Morikawa
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Minami Kosuda
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Ishihara
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kentaro Watanabe
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
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Yan K, Yang J, Qian Q, Xu D, Liu H, Wei L, Li M, Xu W. Pathogenic Role of an IL-23/γδT17/Neutrophil Axis in Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Pancreatitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:3301-3312. [PMID: 31748346 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B is a common cause of viral myocarditis and pancreatitis. IL-17A is intensively involved in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis. Whether IL-17A plays a role in Coxsackievirus B-induced pancreatitis, characterized by acinar cell destruction and immune infiltration, remains largely unknown. We found a significant, but transient, increase of IL-17A expression and γδT influx in the pancreas of C57BL/6J mice within 3 d following CVB3 infection. The pancreatic IL-17A was mainly produced by Vγ4 γδ T cells, to a lesser extent by CD4+ Th17 cells. IL-17A-/- and TCRδ-/- mice both reduced their susceptibility to CVB3 infection and pancreatitis severity when compared with the wild-type mice, without altering viral load. mAb depletion of Vγ4γδ T cells significantly improved mice survival and pancreatic pathology via decreasing Th17 expansion and neutrophil influx into the pancreas compared with isotype-treated mice. Transfer of Vγ4γδ T cells from wild-type, but not IL-17-/-, mice reconstituted TCRδ-/- mice to produce IL-17 and develop pancreatitis to the level of wild-type mice during CVB3 infection, indicating γδ T IL-17A is required for the onset of viral pancreatitis. IL-23 was robustly induced in the pancreas within the first day of infection. Administration of exogenous rIL-23 to mice increased CVB3 pancreatitis through in vivo expansion of IL-17+γδT17 cells at 12 h postinfection. Our findings reveal a key pathogenic role for early-activated γδT17 cells in viral pancreatitis via promoting neutrophil infiltration and Th17 induction. This IL-23/γδT17/neutrophil axis is critically involved in the onset of CVB3 pancreatitis and represents a potential treating target for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kepeng Yan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Idiopathic acute pancreatitis: a review on etiology and diagnostic work-up. Clin J Gastroenterol 2019; 12:511-524. [DOI: 10.1007/s12328-019-00987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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A rare case of Staphylococcus lugdunensis septicemia associated with myocarditis and atrioventricular block. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY : JGC 2019; 16:63-66. [PMID: 30800154 PMCID: PMC6379236 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lampropoulos K, Bazoukis G, Kolyviras A, Tse G, Saplaouras A, Iliopoulos T. Pancreatitis and myocarditis coexistence due to infection by Coxsackie B1 and B4 viruses. Clin Case Rep 2017; 6:23-26. [PMID: 29375831 PMCID: PMC5771903 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis can be a rare late manifestation of acute pancreatitis caused by Coxsackie virus infection. Clinicians should be aware of potentially life-threatening myocarditis because immediate recognition and management are the cornerstones in achieving a better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Lampropoulos
- Cardiology Department Catheterization Laboratory Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens Athens Greece
| | - George Bazoukis
- Cardiology Department Catheterization Laboratory Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens Athens Greece
| | | | - Gary Tse
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China.,Faculty of Medicine Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Athanasios Saplaouras
- Cardiology Department Catheterization Laboratory Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens Athens Greece
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