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Pereira VDC, Henker LC, Menegatt JCO, Vielmo A, Bertolini M, Legramanti WM, Panziera W, Bandinelli MB, Pavarini SP. Primary third eyelid lymphoma with aggressive local behavior in a dog. Top Companion Anim Med 2024:100864. [PMID: 38513794 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2024.100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic neoplasm in dogs. However, cases primarily involving the third eyelid are rarely reported in the species. The subtype most frequently described in this location is marginal zone lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, which has an indolent behavior. A 10-year-old intact female Poodle was presented with a 2-month history of a nodule in the left third eyelid for evaluation. This nodule was surgically excised; however, local recurrence was detected nineteen days postoperatively, with the formation of a mass that expanded and replaced the extraocular orbital tissues and infiltrated the eye. Euthanasia was elected due to the deteriorating clinical condition, and a necropsy was performed. Macroscopically, the mass infiltrated and expanded the eyelids with narrowing of the palpebral fissure, expanded into the orbital space, and infiltrated the cornea and bulbar conjunctiva. Histologically, the mass was composed of sheets of intermediate to large neoplastic lymphocytes, with frequent epitheliotropism and tingible bodies. Neoplastic lymphocytes were immunoreactive for PAX5, CD20, and CD79a and were not immunoreactive for CD3. The neoplasm was restricted to the left eyelid and orbit. A diagnosis of primary third eyelid lymphoma (extranodal) with immunophenotype B and locally aggressive behavior was made based on the macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa de C Pereira
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Luan C Henker
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jean C O Menegatt
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andréia Vielmo
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marianna Bertolini
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Welden Panziera
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcele B Bandinelli
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Saulo P Pavarini
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Pr. 42505, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Bundgaard Kjellingbro K, Naranjo Freixa C, Hjorth Mikkelsen L, Heegaard S. Challenges in diagnosing canine spindle cell tumours using immunohistochemistry, illustrated by three nonpigmented malignant cases from the nictitating membrane. Acta Vet Scand 2024; 66:7. [PMID: 38396026 PMCID: PMC10893616 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-024-00727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonpigmented malignant spindle cell tumours of the membrana nictitans are rare in dogs. In twenty-three years only three cases have been diagnosed in Scandinavia. This study describes the three cases of malignant tumours of the membrana nictitans recorded by the Eye Pathology Section, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, with reference to the clinical appearance and work-up, the treatment and prognosis, and the histopathological description including immunohistochemistry. The three cases are compared to previous publications on canine tumours of the nictitating membrane. We emphasize the importance of using protocols that are adapted to the specific species such as dogs. Opposite the human tissue responses, we even need more than one marker when diagnosing melanomas in dogs. RESULTS The dogs presented were an 8-year-old Dachshund, a 12-year-old Akita and a 14-year-old Shetland Sheepdog. All three dogs were entire females. All three nictitating membrane tumours developed on the right nictitating membrane as firm or multilobulated hyperaemic masses. Two of the tumours were macroscopically nonpigmented, the third being partly pigmented on the surface and ulcerated. According to the histopathology and for two of the cases immunohistochemistry with dog-adapted protocols the diagnoses included one hemangiosarcoma and two amelanotic melanomas. Tumour regrowth developed in all three cases and repeated resections were completed 1, 2 and 3 times, respectively, with recurrence experienced within 1.5 months - 3 years. CONCLUSIONS Nonpigmented malignant spindle cell tumours of the canine membrana nictitans are rare. Treatment of choice should be complete excision with a minimal histologic tumour-free distance and in case of a recurrence a full resection of the nictitating membrane. We strongly recommend a dog-adapted protocol for immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lauge Hjorth Mikkelsen
- Eye Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, 1st Floor, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, 1st Floor, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Eye Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, 1st Floor, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, 1st Floor, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Hubbard-Perez M, Luchian A, Milford C, Ressel L. Use of deep learning for the classification of hyperplastic lymph node and common subtypes of canine lymphomas: a preliminary study. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1309877. [PMID: 38283371 PMCID: PMC10811236 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1309877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence has observed significant growth in its ability to classify different types of tumors in humans due to advancements in digital pathology technology. Among these tumors, lymphomas are quite common in dogs, despite studies on the application of AI in domestic species are scarce. This research aims to employ deep learning (DL) through convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to distinguish between normal lymph nodes and 3 WHO common subtypes of canine lymphomas. To train and validate the CNN, 1,530 high-resolution microscopic images derived from whole slide scans (WSIs) were used, including those of background areas, hyperplastic lymph nodes (n = 4), and three different lymphoma subtypes: diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL; n = 5), lymphoblastic (LBL; n = 5), and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL; n = 3). The CNN was able to correctly identify 456 images of the possible 457 test sets, achieving a maximum accuracy of 99.34%. The results of this study have demonstrated the feasibility of using deep learning to differentiate between hyperplastic lymph nodes and lymphomas, as well as to classify common WHO subtypes. Further research is required to explore the implications of these findings and validate the ability of the network to classify a broader range of lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Ressel
- DiMoLab, Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Department of Veterinary Anatomy Physiology and Pathology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Mikkelsen LH, Holm F, Clasen-Linde E, Engraff P, Heegaard S. T cell-lymphoma in the eyelid of a 9-year-old English Setter. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:79. [PMID: 30522494 PMCID: PMC6284267 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eyelid tumours are frequently found in dogs, most of these being benign. In case of an ulcerating eyelid tumour, malignancy must be considered. We report a unique case of a low-grade peripheral T-cell lymphoma in the eyelid of a 9-year-old English Setter. CASE PRESENTATION A 9-year-old Setter presented with a 6-month history of an eyelid ulcer. A malignant eyelid neoplasm was suspected, and the lesion was surgically excised. No other treatment was applied, and 19 months after excision the dog was still well. Histopathology revealed a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate in the eyelid skin. Ulceration of the epithelium was seen, and the underlying tumour was composed of round and poorly demarcated pleomorphic tumour cells. The cytoplasm was pale and the nuclei heterogeneous. Numerous mitoses were present. The tumour cells stained strongly for CD3. The final diagnosis was a peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (NOS). CONCLUSIONS This is the first described case of a solitary T-cell lymphoma NOS in the haired eyelid skin in a dog. Lymphoma should be considered in case of a persistent eyelid ulcer and a biopsy should be performed. T-cell lymphoma is generally an aggressive disease; however, indolent cases are well known, and as this case shows, complete excision of a solitary T-cell lymphoma can be curable. Canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma is an important differential diagnosis, which must be recognized as the prognosis is very poor and systemic treatment is mandatory. The sub-classification of canine lymphoma is not complete, and further studies are needed to identify lymphoma subgroups and provide treatment guidelines.
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