Posterior polar annular choroidal dystrophy association with cystoid macular edema

Posterior Polar Annular Choroidal Dystrophy: Genetic Insights and Differential Diagnosis in Inherited Retinal Diseases

Posterior polar annular choroidal dystrophy (PPACD) is a rare ocular disorder and presents as symmetric degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the underlying choriocapillaris, encircling the retinal vascular arcades and optic disc. This condition distinctively preserves the foveal region, optic disc, and the outermost regions of the retina. Despite its distinct clinical presentation, due to the infrequency of its occurrence and the limited number of reported cases, the pathophysiology, and the genetic foundations of PPACD are still largely uncharted. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap by investigating potential genetic contributors to PPACD, assessing current findings, and identifying genes that warrant further study. Emphasis is also placed on the crucial role of multimodal imaging in diagnosing PPACD, highlighting its importance in understanding disease pathophysiology. By analyzing existing case reports and drawing comparisons with similar retinal disorders, this paper endeavors to delineate the possible genetic correlations in PPACD, providing a foundation for future genetic research and the development of targeted diagnostic strategies.

Posterior Polar Hemispheric Choroidal Dystrophy: Case Report and Presentation of Genetic Screening

Purpose:

Posterior polar hemispheric choroidal dystrophy is a rare dystrophy affecting the choroid and retina with a characteristic clinical appearance that distinguishes it from a broad variety of other retinal diseases. The disease process has a morphology described in the literature that preferentially affects the outer macula and spares the fovea with no arteriolar attenuation or optic nerve pallor.

Methods:

This case report illustrates the use of multimodal retinal imaging, visual field testing, electroretinogram, and genetic testing of a patient who we believe fits the clinical pattern established by previous studies describing this condition.

Results:

Fundus imaging in addition to further imaging modalities such as fluorescein angiography helped further characterize this disease process and aided in the diagnosis. In addition, genetic testing revealed unique allele variants found in this patient.

Conclusions:

By taking a multifaceted approach to the diagnosis of retinal pathology, clinicians can make informed decisions regarding patient care.