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Gullickson C, Kersun L, Reilly A, Seif A, Chehab L. Isolated central nervous system relapse in two adolescents with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma after treatment with R-DA-EPOCH. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e31065. [PMID: 38721853 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The addition of rituximab to standard regimens for primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) has significantly improved overall survival. However, the optimal management of isolated central nervous system (CNS) relapse and role of CNS prophylaxis remains undefined. We present cases of two adolescents with PMBCL who developed isolated CNS relapses. While isolated CNS relapse may be managed with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant with or without CNS radiotherapy, review of these cases and the literature highlight the need for further work to define risk factors for CNS relapse, and identify patients who may benefit from CNS prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cricket Gullickson
- Department of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leslie Kersun
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anne Reilly
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alix Seif
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leena Chehab
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Alghamdi KT, Albattah GA, Alnasyan SS, Alhabib AZ, Samkari AMN, Kutub HY. Central nervous system metastasis in a young female patient with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma: A case report and literature review. Surg Neurol Int 2023; 14:270. [PMID: 37560590 PMCID: PMC10408608 DOI: 10.25259/sni_414_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that originates from a B cell in the thymus. It usually affects young female. CASE DESCRIPTION A 30-year-old woman presented with mediastinal mass with history of shortness of breath and chest pain. blood analysis showed low levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume and high red cell distribution width. A computed tomography (CT)-guided mediastinal core biopsy disclosed primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBL) with a nongerminal center phenotype and lung tissue infiltrate. Moreover, after undergoing six cycles of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, Oncovin, and prednisone (R-CHOP) chemotherapy and mediastinal radiotherapy, the patient presented with headache and visual disturbance due to multiple supratentorial lesions. CONCLUSION Till date, only a few cases of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis have been reported in the literature. Moreover, CNS metastasis of refractory PMBCL is an uncommon event with a poor prognosis. Brain metastases are often the ultimate fatal consequence of many aggressive cancers, so early detection and treatment are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Talal Alghamdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ali Zaki Alhabib
- College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Mohammed Noor Samkari
- Department of Pathology, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Yousef Kutub
- Department of Neurosurgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Alhamss M, El Fakih R. Thinking Outside the Box in Mediastinal Lymphoma Management. Clin Hematol Int 2023:10.1007/s44228-023-00045-7. [PMID: 37195392 DOI: 10.1007/s44228-023-00045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Alhamss
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riad El Fakih
- Section of Adult Hematology/HSCT, Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11471, Saudi Arabia.
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Vassilakopoulos TP, Panitsas F, Mellios Z, Apostolidis J, Michael M, Gurion R, Ferhanoglu B, Hatzimichael E, Karakatsanis S, Dimou M, Kalpadakis C, Katodritou E, Leonidopoulou T, Kotsianidis I, Giatra H, Kanellias N, Sayyed A, Tadmor T, Akay OM, Angelopoulou MK, Horowitz N, Bakiri M, Pangalis GA, Panayiotidis P, Papageorgiou SG. Incidence and risk factors for central nervous system relapse in patients with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era. Hematol Oncol 2023; 41:97-107. [PMID: 36314897 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is rare in primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBCL). We aimed to evaluate the incidence of CNS relapse as first treatment failure event and the effect of the induction chemotherapy regimen, central nervous system - international prognostic index (CNS-IPI) and other clinical and laboratory variables on the risk of CNS relapse in 564 PMLBCL patients treated with immunochemotherapy. Only 17 patients (3.0%) received CNS prophylaxis. During a 55-month median follow-up only 8 patients experienced CNS relapse as first event, always isolated. The 2-year cumulative incidence of CNS relapse (CI-CNSR) was 1.47% and remained unchanged thereafter. The CI-CNSR was not affected by the chemotherapy regimen (R-CHOP or R-da-EPOCH). None of the established International Prognostic Index factors for aggressive lymphomas predicted CNS relapse in PMLBCL. The 2-year CI-CNSR in patients with versus without kidney involvement was 13.3% versus 0.96% (p < 0.001); 14.3% versus 1.13% with versus without adrenal involvement (p < 0.001); and 10.2% versus 0.97% with versus without either kidney or adrenal involvement. CNS-IPI was also predictive (2-year CI-CNSR in high-risk vs. intermediate/low-risk: 10.37% vs. 0.84%, p < 0.001). However, this association may be driven mainly by kidney and/or adrenal involvement. In conclusion, in PMLBCL, CNS relapse is rare and appears to be strongly associated with kidney and/or adrenal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros P Vassilakopoulos
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Fotios Panitsas
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Zois Mellios
- Department of Haematology and Lymphoma, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - John Apostolidis
- Department of Adult Hematology & Stem Cell Transplantation, Lymphoma Program, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michalis Michael
- Department of Haematology, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ronit Gurion
- Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Burhan Ferhanoglu
- Hematology Department, Koç University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eleftheria Hatzimichael
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stamatios Karakatsanis
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dimou
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eirini Katodritou
- Department of Haematology, Theagenion Anticancer General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Kotsianidis
- Department of Haematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Hara Giatra
- Department of Haematology and Lymphoma, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nick Kanellias
- Department of Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ayman Sayyed
- Department of Adult Hematology & Stem Cell Transplantation, Lymphoma Program, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Olga Meltem Akay
- Hematology Department, Koç University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maria K Angelopoulou
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria Bakiri
- Department of Haematology and Lymphoma, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerassimos A Pangalis
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Haematology, Athens Medical Center, Psychikon Branch, Athens, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Panayiotidis
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios G Papageorgiou
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
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