Autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency and viral illness in DiGeorge syndrome. Case report and literature review

A Case Report of Cold Agglutinin Disease, Severe B12 Deficiency, and Pernicious Anemia: A Deadly Coincidence

Anemia is the most common hematological disorder. It is commonly a manifestation of an underlying disease. Its causes are multifactorial, including but not limited to nutritional deficiencies, chronic conditions, inflammatory processes, medications, malignancy, renal dysfunction, hereditary diseases, and bone marrow disorders. We present a case of a patient exhibiting anemia related to cold agglutin disease and severe B12 deficiency secondary to pernicious anemia.

Non-immune Intravascular Hemolytic Anemia, an Unusual Presentation of Severe Vitamin B-12 Deficiency

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a multifactorial condition, with a wide range of clinical presentations from mild to severe anemia and anemia-related neurological deficits. Hemolysis is a unique cause but has increasingly been recognized lately as a possible B12 deficiency presentation. Our patient presented with hemolytic anemia, for which extensive workup has excluded the common hemolysis etiologies. Therefore, it was attributed to B12 deficiency and improved significantly after treatment. Our case highlights the significance of this unusual presentation and its clinical implementation.