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Muhammad H, Haryana SM, Magetsari R, Karsten S, Saraswati PA. Genes on syndromic and idiopathic CTEV: A systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijso.2022.100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sun JJ, Cai Q, Xu M, Liu YN, Li WR, Li J, Ma L, Cai C, Gong XH, Zeng YT, Ren ZR, Zeng F. Loss of Protein Function Causing Severe Phenotypes of Female-Restricted Wieacker Wolff Syndrome due to a Novel Nonsense Mutation in the ZC4H2 Gene. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091558. [PMID: 36140726 PMCID: PMC9498907 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants of zinc finger C4H2-type containing (ZC4H2) on the X chromosome cause a group of genetic diseases termed ZC4H2-associated rare disorders (ZARD), including Wieacker-Wolff Syndrome (WRWF) and Female-restricted Wieacker-Wolff Syndrome (WRWFFR). In the current study, a de novo c.352C>T (p.Gln118*) mutation in ZC4H2 (NM_018684.4) was identified in a female neonate born with severe arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) and Pierre-Robin sequence (cleft palate and micrognathia). Plasmids containing the wild-type (WT), mutant-type (MT) ZC4H2, or GFP report gene (N) were transfected in 293T cell lines, respectively. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis showed that ZC4H2 protein could not be detected in the 293T cells transfected with MT ZC4H2. The RNA seq results revealed that the expression profile of the MT group was similar to that of the N group but differed significantly from the WT group, indicating that the c.352C>T mutation resulted in the loss of function of ZC4H2. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enrichment analysis showed that c.352C>T mutation inhibited the expression levels of a series of genes involved in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Subsequently, expression levels of ZC4H2 were knocked down in neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by lentiviral-expressed small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against ZC4H2. The results also demonstrated that decreasing the expression of ZC4H2 significantly reduced the growth of NSCs by affecting the expression of genes related to the oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathway. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that ZC4H2 c.352C>T (p.Gln118*) mutation resulted in the loss of protein function and caused WRWFFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qin Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Histo-Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yan-Na Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wan-Rui Li
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Cheng Cai
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Gong
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yi-Tao Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Embryogenesis and Developmental Molecular Biology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhao-Rui Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fanyi Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Histo-Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Embryogenesis and Developmental Molecular Biology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai 200040, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-62472308
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Ahn JY, Kim SY, Lim BC, Kim KJ, Chae JH. Variable Phenotypes of ZC4H2-Associated Rare Disease in Six Patients. ANNALS OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.26815/acn.2022.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeWieacker-Wolff syndrome is a rare disease caused by X-linked zinc finger C4H2-type containing (ZC4H2) mutations. It is characterized by arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) and intellectual disability (ID), including impairment of central and peripheral synaptic plasticity. Currently, it is named “ZC4H2-associated rare disease” (ZARD) due to various clinical features other than AMC and ID. Here, we report six cases of ZARD, and describe their variable clinical phenotypes.MethodsWe analyzed the detailed clinical features and genotypes of six patients diagnosed by whole-exome sequencing or a chromosomal microarray.ResultsIn the four male patients, hemizygous mutations were found (c. 245A>C in two patients, c. 610C>A in one patient, and c.637C>T in one patient), and all variants were identified by Sanger sequencing. In the female patients, a 1.16-Mb deletion in Xq11.2, including ZC4H2, was identified by chromosomal microarray. All patients had heterogeneous phenotypes with variable severities. Motor delay was observed in all patients, four of whom could not walk independently. Other neurological features included ID, spasticity, and seizures. The craniofacial features included microcephaly, low-set ears, strabismus, ptosis, ocular motor apraxia, a U-shaped upper lip vermilion, short neck, and microretrognathia. The most common musculoskeletal symptoms were multiple arthrogryposis: metacarpophalangeal joint contracture, clubfoot, distal muscle weakness, Achilles tendon contracture, knee flexion contracture, camptodactyly, elbow flexion contracture, and hip subluxation.ConclusionThe ZARD phenotypes were prominent in male patients, and female patients with loss of function showed more severe symptoms. Further research is needed to clarify phenotypic variability in this rare disorder.
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