1
|
Stark F, Hoffmann A, Ihle N, Loderer C, Ansorge-Schumacher MB. Extended Scope and Understanding of Zinc-Dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenases for Reduction of Cyclic α-Diketones. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300290. [PMID: 37167138 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) are important tools for generating chiral α-hydroxyketones. Previously, only the ADH of Thauera aromatica was known to convert cyclic α-diketones with appropriate preference. Here, we extend the spectrum of suitable enzymes by three alcohol dehydrogenases from Citrifermentans bemidjiense (CibADH), Deferrisoma camini (DecADH), and Thauera phenylacetica (ThpADH). Of these, DecADH is characterized by very high thermostability; CibADH and ThpADH convert α-halogenated cyclohexanones with increased activity. Otherwise, however, the substrate spectrum of all four ADHs is highly conserved. Structural considerations led to the conclusion that conversion of diketones requires not only the expansion of the active site into a large binding pocket, but also the circumferential modification of almost all amino acid residues that form the first shell of the binding pocket. The constellation appears to be overall highly specific for the relative positioning of the carbonyl functions and the size of the C-ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances Stark
- Professur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aaron Hoffmann
- Professur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadine Ihle
- Professur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Loderer
- Professur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stark F, Loderer C, Petchey M, Grogan G, Ansorge-Schumacher M. Advanced Insights into Catalytic and Structural Features of the Zinc-Dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Thauera aromatica. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200149. [PMID: 35557486 PMCID: PMC9400901 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric reduction of ketones to chiral hydroxyl compounds by alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) is an established strategy for the provision of valuable precursors for fine chemicals and pharmaceutics. However, most ADHs favor linear aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds, and suitable biocatalysts with preference for cyclic ketones and diketones are still scarce. Among the few candidates, the alcohol dehydrogenase from Thauera aromatica (ThaADH) stands out with a high activity for the reduction of the cyclic α‐diketone 1,2‐cyclohexanedione to the corresponding α‐hydroxy ketone. This study elucidates catalytic and structural features of the enzyme. ThaADH showed a remarkable thermal and pH stability as well as stability in the presence of polar solvents. A thorough description of the substrate scope combined with the resolution and description of the crystal structure, demonstrated a strong preference of ThaADH for cyclic α‐substituted cyclohexanones, and indicated structural determinants responsible for the unique substrate acceptance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances Stark
- TU Dresden: Technische Universitat Dresden, Molecular Biotechnology, GERMANY
| | - Christoph Loderer
- TU Dresden: Technische Universitat Dresden, Molecular Biotechnology, GERMANY
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sirota FL, Maurer-Stroh S, Li Z, Eisenhaber F, Eisenhaber B. Functional Classification of Super-Large Families of Enzymes Based on Substrate Binding Pocket Residues for Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:701120. [PMID: 34409021 PMCID: PMC8366029 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.701120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Large enzyme families such as the groups of zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs), long chain alcohol oxidases (AOxs) or amine dehydrogenases (AmDHs) with, sometimes, more than one million sequences in the non-redundant protein database and hundreds of experimentally characterized enzymes are excellent cases for protein engineering efforts aimed at refining and modifying substrate specificity. Yet, the backside of this wealth of information is that it becomes technically difficult to rationally select optimal sequence targets as well as sequence positions for mutagenesis studies. In all three cases, we approach the problem by starting with a group of experimentally well studied family members (including those with available 3D structures) and creating a structure-guided multiple sequence alignment and a modified phylogenetic tree (aka binding site tree) based just on a selection of potential substrate binding residue positions derived from experimental information (not from the full-length sequence alignment). Hereupon, the remaining, mostly uncharacterized enzyme sequences can be mapped; as a trend, sequence grouping in the tree branches follows substrate specificity. We show that this information can be used in the target selection for protein engineering work to narrow down to single suitable sequences and just a few relevant candidate positions for directed evolution towards activity for desired organic compound substrates. We also demonstrate how to find the closest thermophile example in the dataset if the engineering is aimed at achieving most robust enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda L Sirota
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Frank Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Birgit Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tian K, Li Z. A Simple Biosystem for the High‐Yielding Cascade Conversion of Racemic Alcohols to Enantiopure Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Tian
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dhoke GV, Ensari Y, Hacibaloglu DY, Gärtner A, Ruff AJ, Bocola M, Davari MD. Reversal of Regioselectivity in Zinc-Dependent Medium-Chain Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis toward Octanone Derivatives. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2957-2965. [PMID: 32415803 PMCID: PMC7689849 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The zinc-dependent medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis (ReADH) is one of the most versatile biocatalysts for the stereoselective reduction of ketones to chiral alcohols. Despite its known broad substrate scope, ReADH only accepts carbonyl substrates with either a methyl or an ethyl group adjacent to the carbonyl moiety; this limits its use in the synthesis of the chiral alcohols that serve as a building blocks for pharmaceuticals. Protein engineering to expand the substrate scope of ReADH toward bulky substitutions next to carbonyl group (ethyl 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate) opens up new routes in the synthesis of ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoate, an important intermediate for anti-hypertension drugs like enalaprilat and lisinopril. We have performed computer-aided engineering of ReADH toward ethyl 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate and octanone derivatives. W296, which is located in the small binding pocket of ReADH, sterically restricts the access of ethyl 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate, octan-3-one or octan-4-one toward the catalytic zinc ion and thereby limits ReADH activity. Computational analysis was used to identify position W296 and site-saturation mutagenesis (SSM) yielded an improved variant W296A with a 3.6-fold improved activity toward ethyl 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate when compared to WT ReADH (ReADH W296A: 17.10 U/mg and ReADH WT: 4.7 U/mg). In addition, the regioselectivity of ReADH W296A is shifted toward octanone substrates. ReADH W296A has a more than 16-fold increased activity toward octan-4-one (ReADH W296A: 0.97 U/mg and ReADH WT: 0.06 U/mg) and a more than 30-fold decreased activity toward octan-2-one (ReADH W296A: 0.23 U/mg and ReADH WT: 7.69 U/mg). Computational and experimental results revealed the role of position W296 in controlling the substrate scope and regiopreference of ReADH for a variety of carbonyl substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurao V Dhoke
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yunus Ensari
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Kafkas University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Bioengineering, full address?, Kars, Turkey
| | - Dinc Yasat Hacibaloglu
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Gärtner
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Joëlle Ruff
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marco Bocola
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehdi D Davari
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tian K, Li Z. A Simple Biosystem for the High-Yielding Cascade Conversion of Racemic Alcohols to Enantiopure Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21745-21751. [PMID: 32776678 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The amination of racemic alcohols to produce enantiopure amines is an important green chemistry reaction for pharmaceutical manufacturing, requiring simple and efficient solutions. Herein, we report the development of a cascade biotransformation to aminate racemic alcohols. This cascade utilizes an ambidextrous alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to oxidize a racemic alcohol, an enantioselective transaminase (TA) to convert the ketone intermediate to chiral amine, and isopropylamine to recycle PMP and NAD+ cofactors via the reversed cascade reactions. The concept was proven by using an ambidextrous CpSADH-W286A engineered from (S)-enantioselective CpSADH as the first example of evolving ambidextrous ADHs, an enantioselective BmTA, and isopropylamine. A biosystem containing isopropylamine and E. coli (CpSADH-W286A/BmTA) expressing the two enzymes was developed for the amination of racemic alcohols to produce eight useful and high-value (S)-amines in 72-99 % yield and 98-99 % ee, providing with a simple and practical solution to this type of reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Tian
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Engineered P450 BM3 and cpADH5 coupled cascade reaction for β-oxo fatty acid methyl ester production in whole cells. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 138:109555. [PMID: 32527525 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxy- or ketone- functionalized fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) are important compounds for production of pharmaceuticals, vitamins, cosmetics or dietary supplements. Biocatalysis through enzymatic cascades has drawn attention to the efficient, sustainable, and greener synthetic processes. Furthermore, whole cell catalysts offer important advantages such as cofactor regeneration by cell metabolism, omission of protein purification steps and increased enzyme stability. Here, we report the first whole cell catalysis employing an engineered P450 BM3 variant and cpADH5 coupled cascade reaction for the biosynthesis of hydroxy- and keto-FAMEs. Firstly, P450 BM3 was engineered through the KnowVolution approach yielding P450 BM3 variant YE_M1_2, (R47S/Y51W/T235S/N239R/I401 M) which exhibited boosted performance toward methyl hexanoate. The initial oxidation rate of YE_M1_2 toward methyl hexanoate was determined to be 23-fold higher than the wild type enzyme and a 1.5-fold increase in methyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate production was obtained (YE_M1_2; 2.75 mM and WT; 1.8 mM). Subsequently, the whole cell catalyst for the synthesis of methyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate and methyl 3-oxohexanoate was constructed by combining the engineered P450 BM3 and cpADH5 variants in an artificial operon. A 2.06 mM total product formation was achieved by the whole cell catalyst including co-expressed channel protein, FhuA and co-solvent addition. Moreover, the generated whole cell biocatalyst also accepted methyl valerate, methyl heptanoate as well as methyl octanoate as substrates and yielded ω-1 ketones as the main product.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao Q, Ansorge-Schumacher MB, Haag R, Wu C. Living whole-cell catalysis in compartmentalized emulsion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 295:122221. [PMID: 31615701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Whole-cell biocatalysis plays an important role in biotransformation with unique features such as good tolerance of solvents and easy recycling. However, the relatively low catalytic efficiency limits their use in real production. In this study, a multi-compartmentalized emulsion in organic solvent was constructed to encapsulate living cells for enhanced catalytic performance. Extraordinary large interfacial area of the emulsion improved the bioactivity of Escherichia coli (E. Coli) cells up to 137 times compared to a standard biphasic system. The emulsion was stabilized by a biocompatible polymer and prepared by gentle shaking by hand, which resulted in good cell viability. Moreover, the encapsulated cells could be easily recycled, and the activity remained more than 70% after five cycles. This work provides a promising approach for utilizing whole-cell catalysts for efficient organic catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingcai Zhao
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marion B Ansorge-Schumacher
- Chair of Molecular Biotechnology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Changzhu Wu
- Chair of Molecular Biotechnology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217 Dresden, Germany; Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS) and Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reversible control of enantioselectivity by the length of ketone substituent in biocatalytic reduction. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9529-9541. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
10
|
Structural basis for a highly (S)-enantioselective reductase towards aliphatic ketones with only one carbon difference between side chain. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9543-9553. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Understanding (R) Specific Carbonyl Reductase from Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330 [CpCR]: Substrate Scope, Kinetic Studies and the Role of Zinc. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9090702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CpCR, an (R) specific carbonyl reductase, so named because it gave (R)-alcohols on asymmetric reduction of ketones and ketoesters, is a recombinantly expressed enzyme from Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330. It turns out to be a better aldehyde reductase and catalyses cofactor (NADPH) specific reduction of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. Kinetics studies against benzaldehyde and 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde show that the enzyme affinity and rate of reaction change significantly upon substitution on the benzene ring of benzaldehyde. CpCR, an MDR (medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase) containing both structural and catalytic Zn atoms, exists as a dimer, unlike the (S) specific reductase (SRED) from the same yeast which can exist in both dimeric and tetrameric forms. Divalent metal salts inhibit the enzyme even at nanomolar concentrations. EDTA chelation decreases CpCR activity. However, chelation done after the enzyme is pre-incubated with the NADPH retains most of the activity implying that Zn removal is largely prevented by the formation of the enzyme-cofactor complex.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu K, Zheng K, Xiong L, Yang Z, Jiang Z, Meng X, Shao L. Efficient synthesis of an antiviral drug intermediate using an enhanced short-chain dehydrogenase in an aqueous-organic solvent system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4417-4427. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
13
|
Kim K, Plapp BV. Substitution of cysteine-153 ligated to the catalytic zinc in yeast alcohol dehydrogenase with aspartic acid and analysis of mechanisms of related medium chain dehydrogenases. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 302:172-182. [PMID: 30721696 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic zincs in complexes of horse liver and yeast alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) with NAD+ and the substrate analogue, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, are ligated to two cysteine residues and one histidine residue from the protein and the oxygen from the alcohol. The zinc facilitates deprotonation of the alcohol and is essential for catalysis. In the yeast apoenzyme, the zinc is coordinated to a nearby glutamic acid, which is displaced by the alcohol in the complex with NAD+. Some homologous medium chain dehydrogenases have a cysteine replaced by aspartic or glutamic acid residues. How an aspartic acid would affect catalysis was studied by replacing Cys-153 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADH1 by using site-directed mutagenesis. The C153D enzyme was about as stable as the wild-type enzyme, if EDTA was not included in the buffers. The substitution increased affinity for NAD+ by 3-fold, but did not affect NADH binding. At pH 7.3, the turnover number for ethanol oxidation (V1/Et) decreased by 7-fold and catalytic efficiency decreased 18-fold (V1/EtKb), but turnover for acetaldehyde reduction (V2/Et) was the same as for wild-type enzyme and catalytic efficiency decreased 8-fold (V2/EtKp). Deuterium isotope effects of 3.0 on V1/Et and 3.8 on V1/EtKb for ethanol oxidation suggest that hydride transfer is more rate-limiting for turnover for the C153D enzyme than by wild-type enzyme. The patterns of pH dependence for V1/EtKb for ethanol oxidation were similar for both enzymes in the pH range from 7 to 9. The C153D substitution decreased binding of trifluoroethanol by 5-fold and of pyrazole by 65-fold. Substrate specificities for C153D and wild-type ADHs for primary alcohols have similar patterns. Efficiency for secondary alcohols decreased only about 4-fold, and efficiencies for 1,2-propanediol and acetone were about the same as for wild-type enzyme. The C153D substitution modestly affects catalysis by altering ligand exchange on the zinc or local structure. Structures and mechanisms for acid-base catalysis in related medium chain dehydrogenases with substitutions of the homologous cysteine are reviewed and analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keehyuk Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Bryce V Plapp
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang HL, Zhang C, Pei CH, Han MN, Li W. Enantioselective synthesis of enantiopure chiral alcohols using carbonyl reductases screened from Yarrowia lipolytica. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:127-137. [PMID: 30291666 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to explore Yarrowia lipolytica carbonyl reductases as effective biocatalysts and to develop efficient asymmetric reduction systems for chiral alcohol synthesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Yarrowia lipolytica carbonyl reductase genes were obtained via homologous sequence amplification strategy. Two carbonyl reductases, YaCRI and YaCRII, were identified and characterized, and used to catalyse the conversion of 2-hydroxyacetophenone (2-HAP) to optically pure (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol. Enzymatic assays revealed that YaCRI and YaCRII exhibited specific activities of 6·96 U mg-1 (99·8% e.e.) and 7·85 U mg-1 (99·9% e.e.), respectively, and showed moderate heat resistance at 40-50°C and acid tolerance at pH 5·0-6·0. An efficient whole-cell two-phase system was established using reductase-expressing recombinant Escherichia coli. The conversion of 2-HAP (20·0 g l-1 ) conversion with the solvent of dibutyl phthalate was approximately 70-fold higher than in water. Furthermore, the two recombinant E. coli displayed biocatalyst activity and enantioselectivity towards several different carbonyl compounds, and E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET-28a-yacrII showed a broad substrate spectrum. CONCLUSIONS A new whole-cell recombinant E. coli-based bioreduction system for enantiopure alcohol synthesis with high enantioselectivity at high substrate concentrations was developed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We proposed a promising approach for the efficient preparation of enantiopure chiral alcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-L Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - C Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - C-H Pei
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - M-N Han
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - W Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ensari Y, Dhoke GV, Davari MD, Ruff AJ, Schwaneberg U. A Comparative Reengineering Study of cpADH5 through Iterative and Simultaneous Multisite Saturation Mutagenesis. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1563-1569. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Ensari
- Lehrstuhl für BiotechnologieRWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
- Kafkas UniversityFaculty of Engineering and ArchitectureDepartment of Bioengineering 36100 Kars Turkey
| | - Gaurao V. Dhoke
- Lehrstuhl für BiotechnologieRWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- Lehrstuhl für BiotechnologieRWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Anna Joëlle Ruff
- Lehrstuhl für BiotechnologieRWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl für BiotechnologieRWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Loderer C, Wagner D, Morgenstern F, Spieß A, Ansorge-Schumacher MB. Discovery of a novel thermostable Zn 2+ -dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Chloroflexus aurantiacus through conserved domains mining. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:480-490. [PMID: 29224243 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of the study was to demonstrate feasibility of the Conserved Domains Database (CDD) for identification of novel biocatalysts with desirable properties from a class of well-characterized biocatalysts. METHODS AND RESULTS The thermostable ADH from Sulfolobus solfataricus with a broad substrate range was applied as a template for the search for novel thermostable ADHs via CDD. From the resulting hits, a putative ADH gene from the thermophilic organism Chloroflexus aurantiacus was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The resulting enzyme was purified and characterized. With a temperature activity optimum of 70°C and a broad substrate spectrum especially for diketones, a versatile new biocatalyst was obtained. CONCLUSIONS Database-based mining in CDD is a suitable approach to obtain novel biocatalysts with desirable properties. Thereby, the available diversity of similar but not equal enzymes within this class can be increased. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY For industrial applications, there is a demand for larger diversity of similar well-characterized enzymes in order to test them for a given process (biodiversity screening). For fundamental science, the comparison of enzymes with similar function but different sequence can provide insight into structure function relationships or the evolution of enzymes. This study gives a good example on how this demand can be efficiently met.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Loderer
- Institute for Microbiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - D Wagner
- Enzyme Process Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Morgenstern
- Institute for Microbiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Spieß
- Enzyme Process Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Biochemical Engineering, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ensari Y, Dhoke GV, Davari MD, Bocola M, Ruff AJ, Schwaneberg U. Inversion of cpADH5 Enantiopreference and Altered Chain Length Specificity for Methyl 3-Hydroxyalkanoates. Chemistry 2017; 23:12636-12645. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Ensari
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie; RWTH Aachen University; Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; Department of Bioengineering; Kafkas University; Kars Turkey
| | - Gaurao V. Dhoke
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie; RWTH Aachen University; Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie; RWTH Aachen University; Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Marco Bocola
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie; RWTH Aachen University; Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Anna Joëlle Ruff
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie; RWTH Aachen University; Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie; RWTH Aachen University; Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Candida parapsilosis: A versatile biocatalyst for organic oxidation-reduction reactions. Bioorg Chem 2016; 68:187-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
19
|
Dhoke GV, Ensari Y, Davari MD, Ruff AJ, Schwaneberg U, Bocola M. What's My Substrate? Computational Function Assignment of Candida parapsilosis ADH5 by Genome Database Search, Virtual Screening, and QM/MM Calculations. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:1313-23. [PMID: 27387009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Zinc-dependent medium chain reductase from Candida parapsilosis can be used in the reduction of carbonyl compounds to pharmacologically important chiral secondary alcohols. To date, the nomenclature of cpADH5 is differing (CPCR2/RCR/SADH) in the literature, and its natural substrate is not known. In this study, we utilized a substrate docking based virtual screening method combined with KEGG, MetaCyc pathway, and Candida genome databases search for the discovery of natural substrates of cpADH5. The virtual screening of 7834 carbonyl compounds from the ZINC database provided 94 aldehydes or methyl/ethyl ketones as putative carbonyl substrates. Out of which, 52 carbonyl substrates of cpADH5 with catalytically active docking pose were identified by employing mechanism based substrate docking protocol. Comparison of the virtual screening results with KEGG, MetaCyc database search, and Candida genome pathway analysis suggest that cpADH5 might be involved in the Ehrlich pathway (reduction of fusel aldehydes in leucine, isoleucine, and valine degradation). Our QM/MM calculations and experimental activity measurements affirmed that butyraldehyde substrates are the potential natural substrates of cpADH5, suggesting a carbonyl reductase role for this enzyme in butyraldehyde reduction in aliphatic amino acid degradation pathways. Phylogenetic tree analysis of known ADHs from Candida albicans shows that cpADH5 is close to caADH5. We therefore propose, according to the experimental substrate identification and sequence similarity, the common name butyraldehyde dehydrogenase cpADH5 for Candida parapsilosis CPCR2/RCR/SADH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurao V Dhoke
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University , Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yunus Ensari
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University , Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehdi D Davari
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University , Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Joëlle Ruff
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University , Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University , Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien , Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marco Bocola
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University , Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Synthesis of enantiopure epoxide by ‘one pot’ chemoenzymatic approach using a highly enantioselective dehydrogenase. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
21
|
Activity prediction of substrates in NADH-dependent carbonyl reductase by docking requires catalytic constraints and charge parameterization of catalytic zinc environment. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2015; 29:1057-69. [PMID: 26530855 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-015-9878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular docking of substrates is more challenging compared to inhibitors as the reaction mechanism has to be considered. This becomes more pronounced for zinc-dependent enzymes since the coordination state of the catalytic zinc ion is of greater importance. In order to develop a predictive substrate docking protocol, we have performed molecular docking studies of diketone substrates using the catalytic state of carbonyl reductase 2 from Candida parapsilosis (CPCR2). Different docking protocols using two docking methods (AutoDock Vina and AutoDock4.2) with two different sets of atomic charges (AM1-BCC and HF-RESP) for catalytic zinc environment and substrates as well as two sets of vdW parameters for zinc ion were examined. We have selected the catalytic binding pose of each substrate by applying mechanism based distance criteria. To compare the performance of the docking protocols, the correlation plots for the binding energies of these catalytic poses were obtained against experimental Vmax values of the 11 diketone substrates for CPCR2. The best correlation of 0.73 was achieved with AutoDock4.2 while treating catalytic zinc ion in optimized non-bonded (NBopt) state with +1.01 charge on the zinc ion, compared to 0.36 in non-bonded (+2.00 charge on the zinc ion) state. These results indicate the importance of catalytic constraints and charge parameterization of catalytic zinc environment for the prediction of substrate activity in zinc-dependent enzymes by molecular docking. The developed predictive docking protocol described here is in principle generally applicable for the efficient in silico substrate spectra characterization of zinc-dependent ADH.
Collapse
|
22
|
Loderer C, Dhoke GV, Davari MD, Kroutil W, Schwaneberg U, Bocola M, Ansorge-Schumacher MB. Investigation of Structural Determinants for the Substrate Specificity in the Zinc-Dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenase CPCR2 fromCandida parapsilosis. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1512-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
23
|
Loderer C, Morgenstern F, Ansorge-Schumacher M. A Zinc-Dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) from Thauera aromatica, Reducing Cyclic α- and β-Diketones. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
24
|
Dhoke GV, Davari MD, Schwaneberg U, Bocola M. QM/MM Calculations Revealing the Resting and Catalytic States in Zinc-Dependent Medium-Chain Dehydrogenases/Reductases. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501524k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurao V. Dhoke
- RWTH Aachen University, Chair of Biotechnology, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- RWTH Aachen University, Chair of Biotechnology, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- RWTH Aachen University, Chair of Biotechnology, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marco Bocola
- RWTH Aachen University, Chair of Biotechnology, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sugiyama Y, Senda M, Senda T, Matsuda T. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of acetophenone reductase from Geotrichum candidum NBRC 4597. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2015; 71:320-3. [PMID: 25760708 PMCID: PMC4356309 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15002265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetophenone reductase (APRD) from Geotrichum candidium NBRC 4597 was crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using PEG 3350 as a precipitant. The crystal belonged to space group P6522, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 104.5, c = 273.7 Å, and diffracted to 2.6 Å resolution. Phasing using the single-wavelength anomalous diffraction method was successful. Model building and crystallographic refinement are in progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Sugiyama
- Department of Bioengineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Miki Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Tomoko Matsuda
- Department of Bioengineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Grosch JH, Loderer C, Jestel T, Ansorge-Schumacher M, Spieß AC. Carbonyl reductase of Candida parapsilosis – Stability analysis and stabilization strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
27
|
Grosch JH, Loderer C, Ansorge-Schumacher M, Spieß A. Candida parapsilosis-Carbonylreduktase (CPCR2) - Struktur- und Stabilitätsanalyse. CHEM-ING-TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201450296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|