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Fan XY, Yu Y, Yao Y, Li WD, Tao FY, Wang N. Applications of Ene-Reductases in the Synthesis of Flavors and Fragrances. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18305-18320. [PMID: 38966982 PMCID: PMC11342376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Flavors and fragrances (F&F) are interesting organic compounds in chemistry. These compounds are widely used in the food, cosmetic, and medical industries. Enzymatic synthesis exhibits several advantages over natural extraction and chemical preparation, including a high yield, stable quality, mildness, and environmental friendliness. To date, many oxidoreductases and hydrolases have been used to biosynthesize F&F. Ene-reductases (ERs) are a class of biocatalysts that can catalyze the asymmetric reduction of α,β-unsaturated compounds and offer superior specificity and selectivity; therefore, ERs have been increasingly considered an ideal alternative to their chemical counterparts. This review summarizes the research progress on the use of ERs in F&F synthesis over the past 20 years, including the achievements of various scholars, the differences and similarities among the findings, and the discussions of future research trends related to ERs. We hope this review can inspire researchers to promote the development of biotechnology in the F&F industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Fan
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yao Yao
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Wen-Dian Li
- Harmful
Components and Tar Reduction in Cigarette Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial
Company, Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan
Sanlian New Material Company, Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Fei-Yan Tao
- Harmful
Components and Tar Reduction in Cigarette Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial
Company, Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan
Sanlian New Material Company, Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Na Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People’s
Republic of China
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2
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Al‐Shaibani MAS, Sakoleva T, Živković LA, Austin HP, Dörr M, Hilfert L, Haak E, Bornscheuer UT, Vidaković‐Koch T. Product Distribution of Steady-State and Pulsed Electrochemical Regeneration of 1,4-NADH and Integration with Enzymatic Reaction. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202400064. [PMID: 38607952 PMCID: PMC11319214 DOI: 10.1002/open.202400064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The direct electrochemical reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) results in various products, complicating the regeneration of the crucial 1,4-NADH cofactor for enzymatic reactions. Previous research primarily focused on steady-state polarization to examine potential impacts on product selectivity. However, this study explores the influence of dynamic conditions on the selectivity of NAD+ reduction products by comparing two dynamic profiles with steady-state conditions. Our findings reveal that the main products, including 1,4-NADH, several dimers, and ADP-ribose, remained consistent across all conditions. A minor by-product, 1,6-NADH, was also identified. The product distribution varied depending on the experimental conditions (steady state vs. dynamic) and the concentration of NAD+, with higher concentrations and overpotentials promoting dimerization. The optimal yield of 1,4-NADH was achieved under steady-state conditions with low overpotential and NAD+ concentrations. While dynamic conditions enhanced the 1,4-NADH yield at shorter reaction times, they also resulted in a significant amount of unidentified products. Furthermore, this study assessed the potential of using pulsed electrochemical regeneration of 1,4-NADH with enoate reductase (XenB) for cyclohexenone reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Saif Al‐Shaibani
- Electrochemical Energy ConversionMax Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsSandtorstraße 139106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Thaleia Sakoleva
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Luka A. Živković
- Electrochemical Energy ConversionMax Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsSandtorstraße 139106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Harry P. Austin
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Mark Dörr
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Liane Hilfert
- Institute of ChemistryOtto von Guericke UniversityUniversitätsplatz 239106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Edgar Haak
- Institute of ChemistryOtto von Guericke UniversityUniversitätsplatz 239106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Tanja Vidaković‐Koch
- Electrochemical Energy ConversionMax Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsSandtorstraße 139106MagdeburgGermany
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3
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LuxAB-Based Microbial Cell Factories for the Sensing, Manufacturing and Transformation of Industrial Aldehydes. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of genetically encoded biosensors enables the detection of small molecules in living cells and has facilitated the characterization of enzymes, their directed evolution and the engineering of (natural) metabolic pathways. In this work, the LuxAB biosensor system from Photorhabdus luminescens was implemented in Escherichia coli to monitor the enzymatic production of aldehydes from primary alcohols and carboxylic acid substrates. A simple high-throughput assay utilized the bacterial luciferase—previously reported to only accept aliphatic long-chain aldehydes—to detect structurally diverse aldehydes, including aromatic and monoterpene aldehydes. LuxAB was used to screen the substrate scopes of three prokaryotic oxidoreductases: an alcohol dehydrogenase (Pseudomonas putida), a choline oxidase variant (Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus) and a carboxylic acid reductase (Mycobacterium marinum). Consequently, high-value aldehydes such as cinnamaldehyde, citral and citronellal could be produced in vivo in up to 80% yield. Furthermore, the dual role of LuxAB as sensor and monooxygenase, emitting bioluminescence through the oxidation of aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylates, promises implementation in artificial enzyme cascades for the synthesis of carboxylic acids. These findings advance the bio-based detection, preparation and transformation of industrially important aldehydes in living cells.
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Hollmann F, Opperman DJ, Paul CE. Biocatalytic Reduction Reactions from a Chemist's Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5644-5665. [PMID: 32330347 PMCID: PMC7983917 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reductions play a key role in organic synthesis, producing chiral products with new functionalities. Enzymes can catalyse such reactions with exquisite stereo-, regio- and chemoselectivity, leading the way to alternative shorter classical synthetic routes towards not only high-added-value compounds but also bulk chemicals. In this review we describe the synthetic state-of-the-art and potential of enzymes that catalyse reductions, ranging from carbonyl, enone and aromatic reductions to reductive aminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hollmann
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free State205 Nelson Mandela DriveBloemfontein9300South Africa
| | - Diederik J. Opperman
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free State205 Nelson Mandela DriveBloemfontein9300South Africa
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
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5
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Hollmann F, Opperman DJ, Paul CE. Biokatalytische Reduktionen aus der Sicht eines Chemikers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft Niederlande
- Department of Biotechnology University of the Free State 205 Nelson Mandela Drive Bloemfontein 9300 Südafrika
| | - Diederik J. Opperman
- Department of Biotechnology University of the Free State 205 Nelson Mandela Drive Bloemfontein 9300 Südafrika
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft Niederlande
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Abstract
Thirteen Non-Conventional Yeasts (NCYs) have been investigated for their ability to reduce activated C=C bonds of chalcones to obtain the corresponding dihydrochalcones. A possible correlation between bioreducing capacity of the NCYs and the substrate structure was estimated. Generally, whole-cells of the NCYs were able to hydrogenate the C=C double bond occurring in (E)-1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one, while worthy bioconversion yields were obtained when the substrate exhibited the presence of a deactivating electron-withdrawing Cl substituent on the B-ring. On the contrary, no conversion was generally found, with a few exceptions, in the presence of an activating electron-donating substituent OH. The bioreduction aptitude of the NCYs was apparently correlated to the logP value: Compounds characterized by a higher logP exhibited a superior aptitude to be reduced by the NCYs than compounds with a lower logP value.
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Abstract
Ene reductases enable the asymmetric hydrogenation of activated alkenes allowing the manufacture of valuable chiral products. The enzymes complement existing metal- and organocatalytic approaches for the stereoselective reduction of activated C=C double bonds, and efforts to expand the biocatalytic toolbox with additional ene reductases are of high academic and industrial interest. Here, we present the characterization of a novel ene reductase from Paenibacillus polymyxa, named Ppo-Er1, belonging to the recently identified subgroup III of the old yellow enzyme family. The determination of substrate scope, solvent stability, temperature, and pH range of Ppo-Er1 is one of the first examples of a detailed biophysical characterization of a subgroup III enzyme. Notably, Ppo-Er1 possesses a wide temperature optimum (Topt: 20–45 °C) and retains high conversion rates of at least 70% even at 10 °C reaction temperature making it an interesting biocatalyst for the conversion of temperature-labile substrates. When assaying a set of different organic solvents to determine Ppo-Er1′s solvent tolerance, the ene reductase exhibited good performance in up to 40% cyclohexane as well as 20 vol% DMSO and ethanol. In summary, Ppo-Er1 exhibited activity for thirteen out of the nineteen investigated compounds, for ten of which Michaelis–Menten kinetics could be determined. The enzyme exhibited the highest specificity constant for maleimide with a kcat/KM value of 287 mM−1 s−1. In addition, Ppo-Er1 proved to be highly enantioselective for selected substrates with measured enantiomeric excess values of 92% or higher for 2-methyl-2-cyclohexenone, citral, and carvone.
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8
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Toogood HS, Scrutton NS. Discovery, Characterisation, Engineering and Applications of Ene Reductases for Industrial Biocatalysis. ACS Catal 2019; 8:3532-3549. [PMID: 31157123 PMCID: PMC6542678 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies of multiple enzyme families collectively referred to as ene-reductases (ERs) have highlighted potential industrial application of these biocatalysts in the production of fine and speciality chemicals. Processes have been developed whereby ERs contribute to synthetic routes as isolated enzymes, components of multi-enzyme cascades, and more recently in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology programmes using microbial cell factories to support chemicals production. The discovery of ERs from previously untapped sources and the expansion of directed evolution screening programmes, coupled to deeper mechanistic understanding of ER reactions, have driven their use in natural product and chemicals synthesis. Here we review developments, challenges and opportunities for the use of ERs in fine and speciality chemicals manufacture. The ER research field is rapidly expanding and the focus of this review is on developments that have emerged predominantly over the last 4 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen S. Toogood
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Nigel S. Scrutton
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
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9
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Iorgu AI, Hedison TM, Hay S, Scrutton NS. Selectivity through discriminatory induced fit enables switching of NAD(P)H coenzyme specificity in Old Yellow Enzyme ene-reductases. FEBS J 2019; 286:3117-3128. [PMID: 31033202 PMCID: PMC6767020 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most ene‐reductases belong to the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) family of flavin‐dependent oxidoreductases. OYEs use nicotinamide coenzymes as hydride donors to catalyze the reduction of alkenes that contain an electron‐withdrawing group. There have been many investigations of the structures and catalytic mechanisms of OYEs. However, the origin of coenzyme specificity in the OYE family is unknown. Structural NMR and X‐ray crystallographic data were used to rationally design variants of two OYEs, pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase (PETNR) and morphinone reductase (MR), to discover the basis of coenzyme selectivity. PETNR has dual‐specificity and reacts with NADH and NADPH; MR accepts only NADH as hydride donor. Variants of a β‐hairpin motif in an active site loop of both these enzymes were studied using stopped‐flow spectroscopy. Specific attention was placed on the potential role of arginine residues within the β‐hairpin motif. Mutagenesis demonstrated that Arg130 governs the preference of PETNR for NADPH, and that Arg142 interacts with the coenzyme pyrophosphate group. These observations were used to switch coenzyme specificity in MR by replacing either Glu134 or Leu146 with arginine residues. These variants had increased (~15‐fold) affinity for NADH. Mutagenesis enabled MR to accept NADPH as a hydride donor, with E134R MR showing a significant (55‐fold) increase in efficiency in the reductive half‐reaction, when compared to the essentially unreactive wild‐type enzyme. Insight into the question of coenzyme selectivity in OYEs has therefore been addressed through rational redesign. This should enable coenzyme selectivity to be improved and switched in other OYEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea I Iorgu
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Tobias M Hedison
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Sam Hay
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
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10
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Peters C, Frasson D, Sievers M, Buller R. Novel Old Yellow Enzyme Subclasses. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1569-1577. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christin Peters
- Competence Center for BiocatalysisInstitute of Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and Facility ManagementZurich University of Applied Sciences Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - David Frasson
- Molecular BiologyInstitute of Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and Facility ManagementZurich University of Applied Sciences Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Martin Sievers
- Molecular BiologyInstitute of Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and Facility ManagementZurich University of Applied Sciences Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Buller
- Competence Center for BiocatalysisInstitute of Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and Facility ManagementZurich University of Applied Sciences Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
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11
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Gonçalves LCP, Mansouri HR, Bastos EL, Abdellah M, Fadiga BS, Sá J, Rudroff F, Mihovilovic MD. Morpholine-based buffers activate aerobic photobiocatalysis via spin correlated ion pair formation. Catal Sci Technol 2019; 9:1365-1371. [PMID: 31131076 PMCID: PMC6468414 DOI: 10.1039/c8cy02524j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of enzymes for synthetic applications is a powerful and environmentally-benign approach to increase molecular complexity. Oxidoreductases selectively introduce oxygen and hydrogen atoms into myriad substrates, catalyzing the synthesis of chemical and pharmaceutical building blocks for chemical production. However, broader application of this class of enzymes is limited by the requirements of expensive cofactors and low operational stability. Herein, we show that morpholine-based buffers, especially 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS), promote photoinduced flavoenzyme-catalyzed asymmetric redox transformations by regenerating the flavin cofactor via sacrificial electron donation and by increasing the operational stability of flavin-dependent oxidoreductases. The stabilization of the active forms of flavin by MOPS via formation of the spin correlated ion pair 3[flavin˙--MOPS˙+] ensemble reduces the formation of hydrogen peroxide, circumventing the oxygen dilemma under aerobic conditions detrimental to fragile enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia C P Gonçalves
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , TU Wien , Getreidemarkt 9/163 , 1060 Vienna , Austria .
| | - Hamid R Mansouri
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , TU Wien , Getreidemarkt 9/163 , 1060 Vienna , Austria .
| | - Erick L Bastos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry , University of São Paulo , 03178-200 São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Mohamed Abdellah
- Physical Chemistry Division , Department of Chemistry , Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
- Department of Chemistry , Qena Faculty of Science , South Valley University , 83523 Qena , Egypt
| | - Bruna S Fadiga
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry , University of São Paulo , 03178-200 São Paulo , Brazil
- Physical Chemistry Division , Department of Chemistry , Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Jacinto Sá
- Physical Chemistry Division , Department of Chemistry , Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala , Sweden
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , TU Wien , Getreidemarkt 9/163 , 1060 Vienna , Austria .
| | - Marko D Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , TU Wien , Getreidemarkt 9/163 , 1060 Vienna , Austria .
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12
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Gonçalves LCP, Mansouri HR, PourMehdi S, Abdellah M, Fadiga BS, Bastos EL, Sá J, Mihovilovic MD, Rudroff F. Boosting photobioredox catalysis by morpholine electron donors under aerobic conditions. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00496c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Morpholine derivatives expand the applicability of photobiocatalysis towards stabilization of flavin-based bio- and photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shadi PourMehdi
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- TU Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Mohamed Abdellah
- Physical Chemistry Division
- Department of Chemistry
- Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- 75120 Uppsala
| | - Bruna S. Fadiga
- Physical Chemistry Division
- Department of Chemistry
- Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- 75120 Uppsala
| | - Erick L. Bastos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of São Paulo
- 03178-200 São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Jacinto Sá
- Physical Chemistry Division
- Department of Chemistry
- Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- 75120 Uppsala
| | | | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- TU Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
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13
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Artificial Biocatalytic Linear Cascades to Access Hydroxy Acids, Lactones, and α- and β-Amino Acids. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8050205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-, β-, and ω-Hydroxy acids, amino acids, and lactones represent common building blocks and intermediates for various target molecules. This review summarizes artificial cascades published during the last 10 years leading to these products. Renewables as well as compounds originating from fossil resources have been employed as starting material. The review provides an inspiration for new cascade designs and may be the basis to design variations of these cascades starting either from alternative substrates or extending them to even more sophisticated products.
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14
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Endophytic biocatalysts with enoate reductase activity isolated from Mentha pulegium. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:50. [PMID: 29550961 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The biotransformation of (4R)-(-)-carvone by Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal) leaves and its endophytic bacteria was performed in order to search for novel biocatalysts with enoate reductase activity. The obtained results clearly indicated that endophytes play an important role in the biotransformation of (4R)-(-)-carvone with pennyroyal plant tissues. The best activity was associated to the endophytic bacteria Pseudomonas proteolytica FM18Mci1 and Bacillus sp. FM18civ1. Enoate reductase activity for the reduction of (4R)-(-)-carvone and (4S)-(+)-carvone as model substrates was evaluated for each strain. Finally, both isolated strains were evaluated for the kinetic resolution of racemic carvone. The two bacteria gave (1R, 4R) or (1R, 4S)-dihydrocarvone as major products. P. proteolytica FM18Mci1 had preference for the 4S-(-)-carvone, reaching a conversion 95% in 24 h. In contrast, Bacillus sp. FM18civ1 had preference for (4R)-(-)-carvone. The results obtained in the kinetic resolution of carvone indicated that the Bacillus strain could be useful for resolving a racemic mixture of carvone.
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15
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Li Z, Wang Z, Meng G, Lu H, Huang Z, Chen F. Identification of an Ene Reductase from Yeast Kluyveromyces Marxianus
and Application in the Asymmetric Synthesis of (R
)-Profen Esters. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhining Li
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules; Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Zexu Wang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules; Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Ge Meng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules; Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering; School of Life Sciences; Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road; Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms; 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Zedu Huang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules; Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules; Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef M. Sperl
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic
Resources, Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology
and Sustainability, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic
Resources, Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology
and Sustainability, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
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17
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Milker S, Fink MJ, Oberleitner N, Ressmann AK, Bornscheuer UT, Mihovilovic MD, Rudroff F. Kinetic Modeling of an Enzymatic Redox Cascade In Vivo Reveals Bottlenecks Caused by Cofactors. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Milker
- Institute of Applied Chemistry; TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Michael J. Fink
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford St Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Nikolin Oberleitner
- Institute of Applied Chemistry; TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Anna K. Ressmann
- Institute of Applied Chemistry; TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis; Greifswald University; Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Marko D. Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Chemistry; TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Chemistry; TU Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/163-OC 1060 Vienna Austria
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Peters C, Rudroff F, Mihovilovic MD, T Bornscheuer U. Fusion proteins of an enoate reductase and a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase facilitate the synthesis of chiral lactones. Biol Chem 2017; 398:31-37. [PMID: 27289001 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nature uses the advantages of fusion proteins for multi-step reactions to facilitate the metabolism in cells as the conversion of substrates through intermediates to the final product can take place more rapidly and with less side-product formation. In a similar fashion, also for enzyme cascade reactions, the fusion of biocatalysts involved can be advantageous. In the present study, we investigated fusion of an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), an enoate reductase (ERED) and a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) to enable the synthesis of (chiral) lactones starting from unsaturated alcohols as substrates. The domain order and various linkers were studied to find optimal conditions with respect to expression levels and enzymatic activities. Best results were achieved for the ERED xenobiotic reductase B (XenB) from Pseudomonas putida and the cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO) from Acinetobacter sp., whereas none of the ADHs studied could be fused successfully. This fusion protein together with separately supplied ADH resulted in similar reaction rates in in vivo biocatalysis reactions. After 1.5 h we could detect 40% more dihydrocarvone lactone in in vivo reactions with the fusion protein and ADH then with the single enzymes.
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Schrittwieser JH, Velikogne S, Hall M, Kroutil W. Artificial Biocatalytic Linear Cascades for Preparation of Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2017; 118:270-348. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joerg H. Schrittwieser
- Institute
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Velikogne
- ACIB
GmbH, Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse
28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Mélanie Hall
- Institute
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- ACIB
GmbH, Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse
28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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20
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Old Yellow Enzyme-Catalysed Asymmetric Hydrogenation: Linking Family Roots with Improved Catalysis. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7050130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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21
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Wan H, Xia Y, Li J, Kang Z, Zhou J. Identification of transporter proteins for PQQ-secretion pathways by transcriptomics and proteomics analysis in Gluconobacter oxydans WSH-003. Front Chem Sci Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-016-1580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Nett N, Duewel S, Richter AA, Hoebenreich S. Revealing Additional Stereocomplementary Pairs of Old Yellow Enzymes by Rational Transfer of Engineered Residues. Chembiochem 2017; 18:685-691. [PMID: 28107586 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Every year numerous protein engineering and directed evolution studies are published, increasing the knowledge that could be used by protein engineers. Here we test a protein engineering strategy that allows quick access to improved biocatalysts with very little screening effort. Conceptually it is assumed that engineered residues previously identified by rational and random methods induce similar improvements when transferred to family members. In an application to ene-reductases from the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) family, the newly created variants were tested with three compounds, revealing more stereocomplementary OYE pairs with potent turnover frequencies (up to 660 h-1 ) and excellent stereoselectivities (up to >99 %). Although systematic prediction of absolute enantioselectivity of OYE variants remains a challenge, "scaffold sampling" was confirmed as a promising addition to protein engineers' collection of strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Nett
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Duewel
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Annelis Richter
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Hoebenreich
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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23
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Castiglione K, Fu Y, Polte I, Leupold S, Meo A, Weuster-Botz D. Asymmetric whole-cell bioreduction of ( R )-carvone by recombinant Escherichia coli with in situ substrate supply and product removal. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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24
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Skalden L, Peters C, Ratz L, Bornscheuer UT. Synthesis of (1R,3R)-1-amino-3-methylcyclohexane by an enzyme cascade reaction. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Yao P, Cui Y, Yu S, Du Y, Feng J, Wu Q, Zhu D. Efficient Biosynthesis of (R)- or (S)-2-Hydroxybutyrate froml-Threonine through a Synthetic Biology Approach. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuncheng Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 People's Republic of China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 People's Republic of China
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26
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Reich S, Nestl BM, Hauer B. Loop-Grafted Old Yellow Enzymes in the Bienzymatic Cascade Reduction of Allylic Alcohols. Chembiochem 2016; 17:561-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Reich
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry; Universität Stuttgart; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Bettina M. Nestl
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry; Universität Stuttgart; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Bernhard Hauer
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry; Universität Stuttgart; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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27
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Reß T, Hummel W, Hanlon SP, Iding H, Gröger H. The Organic-Synthetic Potential of Recombinant Ene Reductases: Substrate-Scope Evaluation and Process Optimization. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Skalden L, Peters C, Dickerhoff J, Nobili A, Joosten HJ, Weisz K, Höhne M, Bornscheuer UT. Two subtle amino Acid changes in a transaminase substantially enhance or invert enantiopreference in cascade syntheses. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1041-5. [PMID: 25801772 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amine transaminases (ATAs) are powerful enzymes for the stereospecific production of chiral amines. However, the synthesis of amines incorporating more than one stereocenter is still a challenge. We developed a cascade synthesis to access optically active 3-alkyl-substituted chiral amines by combining two asymmetric synthesis steps catalyzed by an enoate reductase and ATAs. The ATA wild type from Vibrio fluvialis showed only modest enantioselectivity (14 % de) in the amination of (S)-3-methylcyclohexanone, the product of the enoate-reductase-catalyzed reaction step. However, by protein engineering we created two variants with substantially improved diastereoselectivities: variant Leu56Val exhibited a higher R selectivity (66 % de) whereas the Leu56Ile substitution caused a switch in enantiopreference to furnish the S-configured diastereomer (70 % de). Addition of 30 % DMSO further improved the selectivity and facilitated the synthesis of (1R,3S)-1-amino-3-methylcyclohexane with 89 % de at 87 % conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Skalden
- Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4, 17487 Greifswald (Germany)
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29
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Köhler V, Turner NJ. Artificial concurrent catalytic processes involving enzymes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 51:450-64. [PMID: 25350691 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07277d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The concurrent operation of multiple catalysts can lead to enhanced reaction features including (i) simultaneous linear multi-step transformations in a single reaction flask (ii) the control of intermediate equilibria (iii) stereoconvergent transformations (iv) rapid processing of labile reaction products. Enzymes occupy a prominent position for the development of such processes, due to their high potential compatibility with other biocatalysts. Genes for different enzymes can be co-expressed to reconstruct natural or construct artificial pathways and applied in the form of engineered whole cell biocatalysts to carry out complex transformations or, alternatively, the enzymes can be combined in vitro after isolation. Moreover, enzyme variants provide a wider substrate scope for a given reaction and often display altered selectivities and specificities. Man-made transition metal catalysts and engineered or artificial metalloenzymes also widen the range of reactivities and catalysed reactions that are potentially employable. Cascades for simultaneous cofactor or co-substrate regeneration or co-product removal are now firmly established. Many applications of more ambitious concurrent cascade catalysis are only just beginning to appear in the literature. The current review presents some of the most recent examples, with an emphasis on the combination of transition metal with enzymatic catalysis and aims to encourage researchers to contribute to this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Köhler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalststrasse 51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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