1
|
Moraru IT, Martínez-Prieto LM, Coppel Y, Chaudret B, Cusinato L, Del Rosal I, Poteau R. A combined theoretical/experimental study highlighting the formation of carbides on Ru nanoparticles during CO hydrogenation. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6902-6915. [PMID: 33885491 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08735a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Formation of stable carbides during CO bond dissociation on small ruthenium nanoparticles (RuNPs) is demonstrated, both by means of DFT calculations and by solid state 13C NMR techniques. Theoretical calculations of chemical shifts in several model clusters are employed in order to secure experimental spectroscopic assignations for surface ruthenium carbides. Mechanistic DFT investigations, carried out on a realistic Ru55 nanoparticle model (∼1 nm) in terms of size, structure and surface composition, reveal that ruthenium carbides are obtained during CO hydrogenation. Calculations also indicate that carbide formation via hydrogen-assisted hydroxymethylidyne (COH) pathways is exothermic and occurs at reasonable kinetic cost on standard sites of the RuNPs, such as 4-fold ones on flat terraces, and not only in steps as previously suggested. Another novel outcome of the DFT mechanistic study consists of the possible formation of μ6 ruthenium carbides in the tip-B5 site, similar examples being known only for molecular ruthenium clusters. Moreover, based on DFT energies, the possible rearrangement of the surface metal atoms around the same tip-site results in a μ-Ru atom coordinated to the remaining RuNP moiety, reminiscent of a pseudo-octahedral metal center on the NP surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ionut-Tudor Moraru
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, CNRS; LPCNO (IRSAMC), 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Effects of Structure and Particle Size of Iron, Cobalt and Ruthenium Catalysts on Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis. REACTIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/reactions2010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review emphasizes the importance of the catalytic conversion techniques in the production of clean liquid and hydrogen fuels (XTF) and chemicals (XTC) from the carbonaceous materials including coal, natural gas, biomass, organic wastes, biogas and CO2. Dependence of the performance of Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis (FTS), a key reaction of the XTF/XTC process, on catalyst structure (crystal and size) is comparatively examined and reviewed. The contribution illustrates the very complicated crystal structure effect, which indicates that not only the particle type, but also the particle shape, facets and orientation that have been evidenced recently, strongly influence the catalyst performance. In addition, the particle size effects over iron, cobalt and ruthenium catalysts were carefully compared and analyzed. For all Fe, Co and Ru catalysts, the metal turnover frequency (TOF) for CO hydrogenation increased with increasing metal particle size in the small size region i.e., less than the size threshold 7–8 nm, but was found to be independent of particle size for the catalysts with large particle sizes greater than the size threshold. There are some inconsistencies in the small particle size region for Fe and Ru catalysts, i.e., an opposite activity trend and an abnormal peak TOF value were observed on a Fe catalyst and a Ru catalyst (2 nm), respectively. Further study from the literature provides deeper insights into the catalyst behaviors. The intrinsic activity of Fe catalysts (10 nm) at 260–300 °C is estimated in the range of 0.046–0.20 s−1, while that of the Co and Ru catalysts (7–70 nm) at 220 °C are 0.1 s−1 and 0.4 s−1, respectively.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang H, Lu J. A Review on Particle Size Effect in
Metal‐Catalyzed
Heterogeneous Reactions. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Wang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Junling Lu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, CAS Dalian 116023 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chai S, Men Y, Wang J, Liu S, Song Q, An W, Kolb G. Boosting CO2 methanation activity on Ru/TiO2 catalysts by exposing (001) facets of anatase TiO2. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Formation mechanism of highly dispersed semi-embedded ruthenium nanoparticles in porous carbon matrix determined by in situ temperature-programmed infrared spectroscopy. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(17)62958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
6
|
Chen W, Zijlstra B, Filot IAW, Pestman R, Hensen EJM. Mechanism of Carbon Monoxide Dissociation on a Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2017; 10:136-140. [PMID: 29399207 PMCID: PMC5768026 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The way in which the triple bond in CO dissociates, a key reaction step in the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) reaction, is a subject of intense debate. Direct CO dissociation on a Co catalyst was probed by 12C16O/13C18O scrambling in the absence and presence of H2. The initial scrambling rate without H2 was significantly higher than the rate of CO consumption under CO hydrogenation conditions, which indicated that the surface contained sites sufficiently reactive to dissociate CO without the assistance of H atoms. Only a small fraction of the surface was involved in CO scrambling. The minor influence of CO scrambling and CO residence time on the partial pressure of H2 showed that CO dissociation was not affected by the presence of H2. The positive H2 reaction order was correlated to the fact that the hydrogenation of adsorbed C and O atoms was slower than CO dissociation. Temperature‐programmed in situ IR spectroscopy underpinned the conclusion that CO dissociation does not require H atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Bart Zijlstra
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Ivo A W Filot
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Robert Pestman
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J M Hensen
- Schuit Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Comas-Vives A, Larmier K, Copéret C. Understanding surface site structures and properties by first principles calculations: an experimental point of view! Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4296-4303. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Computational Chemistry is key for the molecular-level understanding of active sites in heterogeneous catalysis paving the way to the rational design and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Comas-Vives
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Kim Larmier
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Foppa L, Copéret C, Comas-Vives A. Increased Back-Bonding Explains Step-Edge Reactivity and Particle Size Effect for CO Activation on Ru Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16655-16668. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Foppa
- Department of Chemistry and
Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and
Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aleix Comas-Vives
- Department of Chemistry and
Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liuzzi D, Pérez-Alonso FJ, Fierro JLG, Rojas S, van Wijk FL, Roghair I, Annaland MVS, Fernandez E, Viviente JL, Tanaka DP. Catalytic membrane reactor for the production of biofuels. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Liuzzi D, Pérez-Alonso FJ, García-García FJ, Calle-Vallejo F, Fierro JLG, Rojas S. Identifying the time-dependent predominance regimes of step and terrace sites for the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis on ruthenium based catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00476h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two types of active sites for CO dissociation exist in Ru particles. Step-edge sites deactivate during reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Liuzzi
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica
- Madrid
- Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Sergio Rojas
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica
- Madrid
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
In-situ study of the promotional effect of chlorine on the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis with Ru/Al 2 O 3. J Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Guo XN, Jiao ZF, Jin GQ, Guo XY. Photocatalytic Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis on Graphene-Supported Worm-Like Ruthenium Nanostructures. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ning Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coal
Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal
Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Coal
Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiang-Yun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coal
Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Matsubu JC, Yang VN, Christopher P. Isolated Metal Active Site Concentration and Stability Control Catalytic CO2 Reduction Selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3076-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5128133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John C. Matsubu
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, and ‡Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Vanessa N. Yang
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, and ‡Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Phillip Christopher
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, and ‡Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|