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Zheng Y, Xing Y, Li G, Gao J, Li R, Liu Q, Yue T. A comprehensive review of deactivation and modification of selective catalytic reaction catalysts installed in cement kilns. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:451-467. [PMID: 39095179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
After the ultralow emission transformation of coal-fired power plants, cement production became China's leading industrial emission source of nitrogen oxides. Flue gas dust contents at the outlet of cement kiln preheaters were as high as 80-100 g/m3, and the calcium oxide content in the dust exceeded 60%. Commercial V2O5(-WO3)/TiO2 catalysts suitable for coal-fired flue gas suffer from alkaline earth metal Ca poisoning of cement kiln flue gas. Recent studies have also identified the poisoning of cement kiln selective catalytic reaction (SCR) catalysts by the heavy metals lead and thallium. Investigation of the poisoning process is the primary basis for analyzing the catalytic lifetime. This review summarizes and analyzes the SCR catalytic mechanism and chronicles the research progress concerning this poisoning mechanism. Based on the catalytic and toxification mechanisms, it can be inferred that improving the anti-poisoning performance of a catalyst enhances its acidity, surface redox performance-active catalytic sites, and shell layer protection. The data provide support in guiding engineering practice and reducing operating costs of SCR plants. Finally, future research directions for SCR denitrification catalysts in the cement industry are discussed. This study provides critical support for the development and optimization of poisoning-resistant SCR denitrification catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing China
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing China
| | - Jiajia Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing China
| | - Tao Yue
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing China.
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Cui R, Huang X, Zhang G, Tang Z. Engineering 3D structure Mn/YTiO x nanotube catalyst with an efficient H 2O and SO 2 tolerance for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH 3. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7945-7961. [PMID: 37067024 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07304h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 with a 3D structure is considered to be a promising support for Mn-based catalysts for the NH3-SCR reaction, but it is still insufficient to solve problems such as poor N2 selectivity and tolerance of H2O/SO2 at low temperature. In this work, a novel 3D-structured Mn/YTiOx nanotube catalyst was designed and the role of Y on the catalytic performance was investigated for the NH3-SCR reaction at low temperature. The results indicated that the Y-doped TiOx gradually transformed from nanotubes to nanosheets with the increase in Y doping, leading to a reduction in specific surface area and Brønsted acid sites. An appropriate amount of Y doping could distinctly improve the dispersion of MnOx and increase the concentration of surface Mn4+, Lewis acid sites and chemisorbed oxygen of catalysts, which was beneficial to the low-temperature NH3-SCR reaction, while excessive Y doping could cause a sharp decrease in specific surface area and Lewis acid sites. Therefore, Mn/YTiOx catalysts exhibited a volcano-type tendency in NO conversion with an increase in Y doping, and the highest activity was obtained at 3% doping, showing more than 90% NO conversion and N2 selectivity in a wide temperature window from 120 to 320 °C. The N2 selectivity and H2O/SO2 resistance of the catalysts was also enhanced with the increase in Y doping mainly due to the increased chemisorbed oxygen and electron transfer between Y and Mn. An in situ DRIFTS study demonstrated that Lewis acid sites played a more important role in the reaction than Brønsted acid sites, and the coordinated NH3 absorbed on Lewis acid sites, -NH2, monodentate nitrate and free nitrate ions were the main reactive intermediate species in the NH3-SCR reaction over an Mn/3%YTiOx catalyst. Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) and Eley-Rideal (E-R) reaction mechanisms co-existed in the NH3-SCR reaction, but the L-H reaction mechanism predominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongji Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Xiaosheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Guodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhicheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai, 264006, China
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Li S, Yu H, Lan T, Shi L, Cheng D, Han L, Zhang D. NOx reduction against alkali poisoning over Ce(SO4)2-V2O5/TiO2 catalysts by constructing the Ce4+–SO42− pair sites. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Gao E, Feng W, Huang B, Zhu J, Wang W, Li J, He Y. The enhanced resistance to Na+-poisoning of MnCoCrOx SCR catalyst by acidity regulation: The mechanism of sulfuric acid pretreatment. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Feng C, Wang P, Liu X, Wang F, Yan T, Zhang J, Zhou G, Zhang D. Alkali-Resistant Catalytic Reduction of NO x via Naturally Coupling Active and Poisoning Sites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11255-11264. [PMID: 34323076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Releasing the poisoning effect of alkali metals over catalysts is still an intractable issue for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with ammonia. The presence of K in fly ash always dramatically suppressed catalytic activity by impairing acidity and redox properties, leading to severe reduction of lifetime for SCR catalysts. Herein, alkali-resistant NOx reduction over TiO2-supported Fe2(SO4)3 catalysts was originally demonstrated via naturally coupling active and poisoning sites. Notably, TiO2-supported Fe2(SO4)3 catalysts expressed admirable NOx conversion and K resistance within a quite broad temperature window of 200-500 °C. The catalysts with more conserved sulfate species revealed that sulfate groups preferred to migrate from the bulk phase to surface, thus effectively binding with K poisons to release the damage on iron active sites. Because of protection effects of migrated sulfates and closely coupling effects with Fe active sites, NH3 and NO adsorption amounts and rates were well maintained. In this way, Fe metal sites and sulfate species closely coupled together on a self-preserved TiO2-supported Fe2(SO4)3 catalyst played essential roles as highly active sites and unique poisoning sites. This work paves a new way to design SCR catalysts with superior alkali resistance that are more reliable in practical deNOx application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Penglu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tingting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dengsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Facile synthesis of hollow nanotube MnCoOx catalyst with superior resistance to SO2 and alkali metal poisons for NH3-SCR removal of NOx. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fei X, Wang P, Zhang D, Wang H, Wu Z. Confined Catalysts Application in Environmental Catalysis: Current Research Progress and Future Prospects. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Fei
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health Ministry of Education College of Environmental & Resources Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Penglu Wang
- International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry Department of Chemistry Research Center of Nano Science and Technology College of Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Dengsong Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry Department of Chemistry Research Center of Nano Science and Technology College of Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Haiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health Ministry of Education College of Environmental & Resources Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Zhongbiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health Ministry of Education College of Environmental & Resources Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
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Abstract
SCR still represents the most widely applied technique to remove nitrogen oxides from flue gas from both stationary and mobile sources. The catalyst lifetime is greatly affected by the presence of poisoning compounds in the exhaust gas that deactivate the catalysts over time on stream. The progressive and widespread transition towards bio-derived fuels is pushing research efforts to deeply understand and contrast the deactivating effects of some specific poisons among those commonly found in the emissions from combustion processes. In particular, exhaust gases from the combustion of bio-fuels, as well as from municipal waste incineration plants and marine engines, contain large amounts of alkali and alkaline earth metals that can severely affect the acid, redox, and physical properties of the SCR catalysts. This review analyzes recent studies on the effects of alkali and alkaline earth metals on different types of SCR catalysts divided into three main categories (conventional V2O5-WO3/TiO2, supported non-vanadium catalysts and zeolite-based catalysts) specifically focusing on the impact of poisons on the reaction mechanism while highlighting the different type of deactivation affecting each group of catalysts. An overview of the different regeneration techniques aimed at recovering as much as possible the original performance of the catalysts, highlighting the pros and cons, is given. Finally, current research trends aiming to improve the tolerance towards alkali-poisoning of SCR catalysts are reported.
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Nanosized V-Ce Oxides Supported on TiO2 as a Superior Catalyst for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosized V-Ce oxides supported on TiO2 (VCT) were prepared and utilized in the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3. Compared with the other V-Ce oxides-based catalysts supported on Al2O3, ZrO2, and ZSM-5, VCT showed the best SCR activity in a low-temperature range. The NOx conversion of 90% could be achieved at 220 °C. Characterizations including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning election micrograph (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed desorption with NH3 (NH3-TPD), and temperature-programmed reduction with H2 (H2-TPR) showed that V1.05Ce1/TiO2 exhibited a good dispersion of V2O5, enrichment of surface Ce3+ and chemical-absorbed oxygen, and excellent redox capacity and acidity, which resulted in the best SCR performance at low temperature.
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Han L, Cai S, Gao M, Hasegawa JY, Wang P, Zhang J, Shi L, Zhang D. Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3 by Using Novel Catalysts: State of the Art and Future Prospects. Chem Rev 2019; 119:10916-10976. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lupeng Han
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Sixiang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Min Gao
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jun-ya Hasegawa
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Penglu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Liyi Shi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dengsong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Liu H, Zhang H, Fei L, Ma H, Zhao G, Mak C, Zhang X, Zhang S. Superior acidic catalytic activity and stability of Fe-doped HTaWO 6 nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11126-11136. [PMID: 28745362 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fe-doped HTaWO6 (H1-3xFexTaWO6, x = 0.23) nanotubes as highly active solid acid catalysts were prepared via an exfoliation-scrolling-exchange process. The specific surface area and pore volume of undoped nanotubes (20.8 m2 g-1, 0.057 cm3 g-1) were remarkably enhanced through Fe3+ ion-exchange (>100 m2 g-1, 0.547 cm3 g-1). Doping Fe ions into the nanotubes endowed them with improved thermal stability due to the stronger interaction between the intercalated Fe3+ ions and the host layers. This interaction also facilitated the preservation of effective Brønsted acid sites and the generation of new acid sites. The integration of these functional roles resulted in Fe-doped nanotubes with high acidic catalytic activities in the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of anisole and the esterification of acetic acid. Facile accessibility to active sites, generation of effective Brønsted acid sites, high stability of the tubular structure and strong acid sites were found to synergistically contribute to the excellent acidic catalytic efficiency. Additionally, the activity of cycled nanocatalysts can be easily recovered through annealing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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