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Du X, Liu Z, Li Z, Yuan X, Li C, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Hu X, Guo K. Aminocyclopropenium as a novel hydrogen bonding organocatalyst for cycloaddition of carbon disulfide and epoxide to prepare cyclic dithiocarbonate. RSC Adv 2024; 14:10378-10389. [PMID: 38567344 PMCID: PMC10985464 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00937a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The smallest Hückel aromatic ring cyclopropenium substituted by electron-donating C-amino groups produced a aminocyclopropenium electron-rich cation. A bifunctional aminocyclopropenium halide catalyst installed with bis-(hydroxyethyl) functions on the amino group was then designed. A typical (diethanolamino)cyclopropenium halide catalyst C5·I was screened optimally for the cycloaddition of carbon disulfide into an epoxide to produce cyclic dithiocarbonate with an excellent conversion (95%) and high selectivity (92%). The electrostatic enhancement of alkyl C-H HBD capability was implemented via vicinal positive charges on the cyclopropenium core, and the acidity of the terminal O-H hydrogen proton increased by intramolecular H-bonding between the two hydroxy groups on the diethanolamino group (O-H⋯O-H). Then, a hybrid H-bond donor comprising enhanced alkyl C-H and hydroxy O-H was formed. The hybrid HBD offered by aminocyclopropenium was vital in activating the epoxide and stabilizing the intermediate, resulting in reduced O/S scrambling. Moreover, weakly coordinated iodide anion served as a nucleophilic reagent to open the ring of the epoxide. The cooperative catalytic mechanism of the HBD cation and halide anion was supported by NMR titrations and control experiments. Eleven epoxides with various substituents were converted into the corresponding cyclic thiocarbonate with high conversion and selectivity under mild conditions (25 °C, 6 h) without a solvent. The cycloaddition of carbon disulfide with epoxides catalyzed by aminocyclopropenium developed a new working model for hydrogen bonding organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Du
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Chunyu Li
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University 30 Puzhu Road South Nanjing 211816 China
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Shirakawa S. Bifunctional Onium and Potassium Iodides as Nucleophilic Catalysts for the Solvent-Free Syntheses of Carbonates, Thiocarbonates, and Oxazolidinones from Epoxides. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300144. [PMID: 37236152 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic potential of organo-onium iodides as nucleophilic catalysts is aptly demonstrated in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide (CO2 ), as a representative CO2 utilization reaction. Although organo-onium iodide nucleophilic catalysts are metal-free environmentally benign catalysts, harsh reaction conditions are generally required to efficiently promote the coupling reactions of epoxides and CO2 . To solve this problem and accomplish efficient CO2 utilization reactions under mild conditions, bifunctional onium iodide nucleophilic catalysts bearing a hydrogen bond donor moiety were developed by our research group. Based on the successful bifunctional design of the onium iodide catalysts, nucleophilic catalysis using a potassium iodide (KI)-tetraethylene glycol complex was also investigated in coupling reactions of epoxides and CO2 under mild reaction conditions. These effective bifunctional onium and potassium iodide nucleophilic catalysts were applied to the solvent-free syntheses of 2-oxazolidinones and cyclic thiocarbonates from epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shirakawa
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
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Álvarez-Miguel L, Mosquera MEG, Whiteoak CJ. Chemoselective cycloadditions to epoxide derivatives of erucic acid with CO 2 and CS 2: controlled access to value-added bio-derived compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9629-9638. [PMID: 36226582 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01482c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The potential for application of bio-derived molecules in our everyday lives is attracting vast interest as attention moves towards development of a truly circular and sustainable economy. Whilst a large number of molecules are naturally available and contain a variety of functional groups, few of these compounds are able to be immediately transferred to applications where they can directly replace established oil-derived species. This issue presents both a challenge and an opportunity for the synthetic chemistry community. This study demonstrates how erucic acid, a molecule containing an olefin and a carboxylic acid, which is readily available from commonly cultivated rapeseed oils, can be used as a platform to be chemoselectively converted into a range of value-added compounds using established and high yielding synthetic procedures. In particular, the work showcases approaches towards the chemoselective (and in cases regioselective) oxidation with m-CPBA and incorporation of cyclic carbonate and cyclic dithiocarbonate functionalities which have potential to be employed in a range of applications. Expedient routes to unusual derivatives containing both cyclic carbonate and cyclic dithiocarbonates are also presented taking advantage of the distinct reactivities of the two different epoxides in the intermediate compounds. This work also provides a rare example of the synthesis of internal cyclic dithiocarbonates. These new products have potential to be applied as monomers in the growing field of bio-based non-isocyanate polyurethane synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Álvarez-Miguel
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo SOSCATCOM, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Campus Universitario, Ctra.Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33, 600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta E G Mosquera
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo SOSCATCOM, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Campus Universitario, Ctra.Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33, 600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Christopher J Whiteoak
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo SOSCATCOM, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Campus Universitario, Ctra.Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33, 600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Rupf S, Pröhm P, Plajer AJ. Lithium achieves sequence selective ring-opening terpolymerisation (ROTERP) of ternary monomer mixtures. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6355-6365. [PMID: 35733883 PMCID: PMC9159086 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01776h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteroatom-containing degradable polymers have strong potential as sustainable replacements for petrochemically derived materials. However, to accelerate and broaden their uptake greater structural diversity and new synthetic methodologies are required. Here we report a sequence selective ring-opening terpolymerisation (ROTERP), in which three monomers (A, B, C) are selectively enchained into an (ABA'C) n sequence by a simple lithium catalyst. Degradable poly(ester-alt-ester-alt-trithiocarbonate)s are obtained in a M n range from 2.35 to 111.20 kDa which are not easily accessible via other polymerisation methodologies. The choice of alkali metal is key to achieve high activity and to control the terpolymer sequence. ROTERP is mechanistically compatible with ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) allowing switchable catalysis for blockpolymer synthesis. The ROTERP demonstrated in this study could be the first example of an entirely new family of sequence selective terpolymerisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rupf
- Intitut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstraße 34-36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Patrick Pröhm
- Intitut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstraße 34-36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Alex J Plajer
- Intitut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstraße 34-36 14195 Berlin Germany
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Nakamura T, Okada M, Shirakawa S. Development of New Catalytic Systems for Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seiji Shirakawa
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University
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Okada M, Nishiyori R, Kaneko S, Igawa K, Shirakawa S. KI-Tetraethylene Glycol Complex as an Effective Catalyst for the Synthesis of Cyclic Thiocarbonates from Epoxides and CS2. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Okada
- Department of Environmental Science; Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences; Nagasaki University; 1-14 Bunkyo-machi 8521 Nagasaki 852- Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishiyori
- Department of Environmental Science; Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences; Nagasaki University; 1-14 Bunkyo-machi 8521 Nagasaki 852- Japan
| | - Shiho Kaneko
- Department of Environmental Science; Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences; Nagasaki University; 1-14 Bunkyo-machi 8521 Nagasaki 852- Japan
| | - Kazunobu Igawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; 8580 Kasuga Fukuoka 816- Japan
| | - Seiji Shirakawa
- Department of Environmental Science; Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences; Nagasaki University; 1-14 Bunkyo-machi 8521 Nagasaki 852- Japan
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Anitha M, Swamy KCK. Synthesis of thiazolidine-thiones, imino-thiazolidines and oxazolidines via the base promoted cyclisation of epoxy-sulfonamides and heterocumulenes. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:402-413. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02915b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy-sulfonamides react with heterocumulenes (CS2/RNCS/RNCO) in the presence of a base to afford ring expansion products in good to high yields with excellent regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandala Anitha
- School of Chemistry
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad 500 046
- India
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Laserna V, Martin E, Escudero-Adán EC, Kleij AW. Aluminum-Catalyzed Formation of Functional 1,3,2-Dioxathiolane 2-Oxides from Sulfur Dioxide: An Easy Entry towardsN-Substituted Aziridines. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Laserna
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); the Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Eddy Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); the Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Eduardo C. Escudero-Adán
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); the Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Arjan W. Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); the Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA); Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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Diebler J, Komber H, Häußler L, Lederer A, Werner T. Alkoxide-Initiated Regioselective Coupling of Carbon Disulfide and Terminal Epoxides for the Synthesis of Strongly Alternating Copolymers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Diebler
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Liane Häußler
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Werner
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Diebler J, Spannenberg A, Werner T. Atom economical synthesis of di- and trithiocarbonates by the lithium tert-butoxide catalyzed addition of carbon disulfide to epoxides and thiiranes. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7480-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01081d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The lithium tert-butoxide catalyzed addition of CS2 to epoxides and thiiranes under mild conditions is reported. A mechanism has been proposed taking into account the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Diebler
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - A. Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - T. Werner
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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