1
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Luo Z, Wang Y, Wang Z, Gao J, Li Q, Li H, Hu Y. Synthesis of Bis(methoxymethyl)silanes and Their Application in MgCl 2-Supported Ziegler–Natta Propylene Polymerization as External Donors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuanjie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jialei Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huayi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Youliang Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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2
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Guo X, Shao Y, Luo J, Liu Z, Liu B. The atomic defects on the (104) and (110) surfaces of the MgCl 2-supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst: a periodic DFT study. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01365g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a DFT study on the effects of atomic defects in the MgCl2-supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst. The adsorption behaviours of TiCl4 and internal donors on the ideal and defective MgCl2(104) and (110) surfaces were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yunqi Shao
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Boping Liu
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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3
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Makwana UC, Gupta V. Trans-1,4-polybutadiene: Influences of Lewis bases on polymerization of butadiene with supported titanium catalyst systems. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2021.1953385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh C. Makwana
- Reliance Technology Group, Hazira Manufacturing Division, Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Virendrakumar Gupta
- Reliance Research & Development Centre, Reliance Corporate Park, Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), Navi, Mumbai, India
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4
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Zorve P, Linnolahti M. Catalytic reactions on magnesium dichloride clusters saturated by titanium tetrachloride. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Vipin Raj K, Kumawat J, Dhamaniya S, Subaramanian M, Balaraman E, Kumar Gupta V, Vanka K, Grubbs RH. Insights into the Nature of Self‐Extinguishing External Donors for Ziegler‐Natta Catalysis: A Combined Experimental and DFT Study. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Vipin Raj
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Jugal Kumawat
- Polymer Synthesis and Catalysis Group Reliance Research and Development Center Reliance Industries Limited Ghansoli Navi Mumbai 400701 India
| | - Sunil Dhamaniya
- Polymer Synthesis and Catalysis Group Reliance Research and Development Center Reliance Industries Limited Ghansoli Navi Mumbai 400701 India
| | - Murugan Subaramanian
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati Tirupati 517507 India
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati Tirupati 517507 India
| | - Virendra Kumar Gupta
- Polymer Synthesis and Catalysis Group Reliance Research and Development Center Reliance Industries Limited Ghansoli Navi Mumbai 400701 India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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6
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Zhou Y, He X, Liu B. Kinetics and Mechanism Comparison between Cr/Ti‐Based Bimetallic and Ti‐Based Monometallic Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.202000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Material Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xuelian He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Material Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Boping Liu
- College of Materials and Energy South China Agricultural University Wushan Road 483 Guangzhou 510642 China
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7
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Jiang B, Zhang B, Guo Y, Ali A, Guo W, Fu Z, Fan Z. Effects of titanium dispersion state on distribution and reactivity of active centers in propylene polymerization with MgCl
2
‐supported Ziegler‐Natta catalysts: A kinetic study based on active center counting. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Biao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Yintian Guo
- Sinochem Lantian Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Hangzhou 310023 P. R. China
| | - Amjad Ali
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Wenqi Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Zhisheng Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
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8
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Kumawat J, Gupta VK. Fundamental aspects of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta olefin polymerization catalysis: an experimental and computational overview. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00753f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using an internal/external donor containing MgCl2-supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst is one of the important processes for polyolefin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugal Kumawat
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Group
- Reliance Research and Development Center
- Reliance Industries Limited
- Navi Mumbai-400701
- India
| | - Virendra Kumar Gupta
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Group
- Reliance Research and Development Center
- Reliance Industries Limited
- Navi Mumbai-400701
- India
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9
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Khatri V, Sahoo U, Kaur S, Rani R, Singh G, Kapur GS, Kashyap HK. Control of Ziegler–Natta catalyst activity by the structural design of alkoxysilane-based external donors. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00039f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the evaluation of four commercial alkoxysilanes and two laboratory synthesized novel diethoxysilacycloalkanes as external donors towards propylene polymerization has been done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Khatri
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
| | - Usharani Sahoo
- Petrochemical & Polymer Department
- R&D Center
- Indian Oil Corporation Ltd
- Faridabad 121007
- India
| | - Sukhdeep Kaur
- Petrochemical & Polymer Department
- R&D Center
- Indian Oil Corporation Ltd
- Faridabad 121007
- India
| | - Rashmi Rani
- Petrochemical & Polymer Department
- R&D Center
- Indian Oil Corporation Ltd
- Faridabad 121007
- India
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- Petrochemical & Polymer Department
- R&D Center
- Indian Oil Corporation Ltd
- Faridabad 121007
- India
| | - Gurpreet Singh Kapur
- Petrochemical & Polymer Department
- R&D Center
- Indian Oil Corporation Ltd
- Faridabad 121007
- India
| | - Hemant K. Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
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10
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Xie K, Zhu B, Huang A, Zhang W, Xu J, Liu P. Propylene polymerization using TiCln(OR)(4–n) catalysts: Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Bahri-Laleh N, Hanifpour A, Mirmohammadi SA, Poater A, Nekoomanesh-Haghighi M, Talarico G, Cavallo L. Computational modeling of heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts for olefins polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Zorve P, Linnolahti M. Adsorption of Titanium Tetrachloride on Magnesium Dichloride Clusters. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9921-9928. [PMID: 31459120 PMCID: PMC6645071 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium dichloride and titanium tetrachloride are key components in heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization catalysis. We have determined the preferred binding modes of titanium tetrachloride on magnesium dichloride clusters at the M06-2X level of theory, thus accounting for dispersion. A systematic study was carried out to locate the lowest energy isomers of (MgCl2) n (TiCl4) m complexes. Altogether ca. 1000 complexes with n ranging from 1 to 19 and m from 1 to 13 were studied. In line with the previous literature, the results consistently show that adsorption of TiCl4 onto MgCl2 preferably leads to octahedral six-coordination for both Mg and Ti atoms. This can be achieved by mononuclear binding of TiCl4 and binuclear binding of Ti2Cl8 on (110) and (104) surfaces of MgCl2, respectively. The preferred octahedral six-coordination is also achieved by binding of TiCl4 on defect sites, of which the most striking example is trinuclear binding mode at corners of the clusters. Overall, the results highlight the relevance of multinuclear binding of TiCl4 on MgCl2.
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13
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Blaakmeer ES, Antinucci G, van Eck ERH, Kentgens APM. Probing Interactions between Electron Donors and the Support in MgCl 2-Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:17865-17881. [PMID: 30116465 PMCID: PMC6089496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b05123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Olefin polymerization using Ziegler-Natta catalysts (ZNCs) is an important industrial process. Despite this, fundamental insight into the inner working mechanisms of these catalysts remains scarce. Here, we focus on the low-γ nuclei 25Mg and 35Cl for an in-depth solid-state NMR and density functional theory (DFT) study of the catalyst's MgCl2 support in binary adducts prepared by ball-milling. Besides the bare MgCl2 support and a MgCl2-TiCl4 adduct, samples containing donors that are part of the families of 2,2-dialkyl-1,3-dimethoxypropanes and phthalates used in fourth- and fifth-generation ZNCs are studied. DFT calculations indicate that the quadrupolar coupling parameters of the chlorines differ significantly between bulk and surface sites. As a result, the NMR visibility of the chlorine sites correlates with the particle size except for the adduct with 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dimethoxypropane donor. The DFT calculations furthermore show that the surface sites are fairly insensitive to binding of different donor molecules, making it difficult to identify specific binding motives. The surface sites with large 35Cl NMR line widths can be observed using high radio frequency field strengths. For the 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dimethoxypropane donor, we observe additional surface sites with intermediately high quadrupolar couplings, suggesting a different surface structure for this particular adduct compared to the other systems. For 25Mg, pronounced effects of donor binding on the quadrupole interaction parameters are observed, both computationally and experimentally. Again the adduct with the 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dimethoxypropane donor shows a different behavior of the surface sites compared to the other adducts, which display more asymmetric coordinations of the surface Mg sites. Identifying specific binding motives by comparing 25Mg NMR results to DFT calculations also proves to be difficult, however. This is attributed to the existence of many defect structures caused by the ball-milling process. The existence of such defect structures both at the surface and in the interior of the MgCl2 particles is corroborated by NMR relaxation studies. Finally, we performed heteronuclear correlation experiments, which reveal interactions between the support and Mg-OH surface groups, but do not provide indications for donor-surface interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. S.
Merijn Blaakmeer
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Heyendaalseweg
135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Antinucci
- Dutch
Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of Stereoselective Polymerizations, Federico
II University of Naples, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ernst R. H. van Eck
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Heyendaalseweg
135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arno P. M. Kentgens
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Heyendaalseweg
135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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14
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Kinetics and mechanism of ethylene polymerization with TiCl4/MgCl2 model catalysts: Effects of titanium content. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Blaakmeer ES(M, van Eck ERH, Kentgens APM. The coordinative state of aluminium alkyls in Ziegler–Natta catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7974-7988. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00603b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multinuclear solid-state NMR provides insight in the interactions of aluminium alkyl based cocatalysts in MgCl2-supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. S. (Merijn) Blaakmeer
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Heyendaalseweg 135
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Ernst R. H. van Eck
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Heyendaalseweg 135
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Arno P. M. Kentgens
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Heyendaalseweg 135
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
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16
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17
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Vittoria A, Meppelder A, Friederichs N, Busico V, Cipullo R. Demystifying Ziegler–Natta Catalysts: The Origin of Stereoselectivity. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vittoria
- Laboratory
of Stereoselective Polymerizations (LSP), Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Busico
- Laboratory
of Stereoselective Polymerizations (LSP), Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Laboratory
of Stereoselective Polymerizations (LSP), Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
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18
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Credendino R, Minenkov Y, Liguori D, Piemontesi F, Melchior A, Morini G, Tolazzi M, Cavallo L. Accurate experimental and theoretical enthalpies of association of TiCl4 with typical Lewis bases used in heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:26996-27006. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04047d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enthalpy of association of Lewis bases with TiCl4 is analyzed using experimental and computational techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Credendino
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE)
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Y. Minenkov
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE)
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal
- Saudi Arabia
| | - D. Liguori
- Basell Italia Srl
- G. Natta Research Center
- 44100 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - F. Piemontesi
- Basell Italia Srl
- G. Natta Research Center
- 44100 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - A. Melchior
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura dell’Università di Udine
- Laboratori di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- 33100 Udine
- Italy
| | - G. Morini
- Basell Italia Srl
- G. Natta Research Center
- 44100 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - M. Tolazzi
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura dell’Università di Udine
- Laboratori di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- 33100 Udine
- Italy
| | - L. Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE)
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal
- Saudi Arabia
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