1
|
Gao P, Szostak M. Hydration Reactions Catalyzed by Transition Metal-NHC (NHC = N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2023; 485:215110. [PMID: 37064328 PMCID: PMC10104449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic addition of water to unsaturated C-C or C-N π bonds represent one of the most important and environmentally sustainable methods to form C-O bonds for the production of synthetic intermediates, medicinal agents and natural products. The traditional acid-catalyzed hydration of unsaturated compounds typically requires strong acids or toxic mercury salts, which limits practical applications and presents safety and environmental concerns. Today, transition-metal-catalyzed hydration supported by NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands has attracted major attention. By rational design of ligands, choice of metals and counterions as well as mechanistic studies and the development of heterogeneous systems, major progress has been achieved for a broad range of hydration processes. In particular, the combination of NHC ligands with gold shows excellent reactivity compared with other catalytic systems; however, other systems based on silver, ruthenium, osmium, platinum, rhodium and nickel have also been discovered. Ancillary NHC ligands provide stabilization of transition metals and ensure high catalytic activity in hydration owing to their unique electronic and steric properties. NHC-Au(I) complexes are particularly favored for hydration of unsaturated hydrocarbons due to soft and carbophilic properties of gold. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of hydration reactions catalyzed by transition metal-NHC complexes and their applications in catalytic hydration of different classes of π-substrates with a focus on the role of NHC ligands, types of metals and counterions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Engbers S, Klein JEMN. Understanding the Surprising Oxidation Chemistry of Au-OH Complexes. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200475. [PMID: 36104296 PMCID: PMC10091708 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Au is known to be fairly redox inactive (in catalysis) and bind oxygen adducts only quite weakly. It is thus rather surprising that stable Au-OH complexes can be synthesized and used as oxidants for both one- and two-electron oxidations. A charged AuIII -OH complex has been shown to cleave C-H and O-H bonds homolytically, resulting in a one-electron reduction of the metal center. Contrasting this, a neutral AuIII -OH complex performs oxygen atom transfer to phosphines, resulting in a two-electron reduction of the hydroxide proton to form a AuIII -H rather than causing a change in oxidation state of the metal. We explore the details of these two examples and draw comparisons to the more conventional reactivity exhibited by AuI -OH. Although the current scope of known Au-OH oxidation chemistry is still in its infancy, the current literature exemplifies the unique properties of Au chemistry and shows promise for future findings in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silène Engbers
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes E M N Klein
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haiduc I. Inverse coordination complexes with oxoanions as centroligands. A review of topologies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
4
|
Wunsch JF, Eberle L, Mullen JP, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Gem-Diaurated Gold(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, Aurophilic Interaction, and Catalytic Activity. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3508-3515. [PMID: 35179353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a protocol to synthesize air stable gem-diaurated gold(III) compounds from 1,3-diketones in a single cycloauration step with tetrachloroauric acid. So far related species were only accessible from phosphonium bis(ylide) ligands which hold the two gold atoms in close proximity. Lacking such a constraint, our compounds show the longest Au-Au distances of all gem-diaurated carbons, ranging from 3.26 to 3.32 Å. Modeling based on results of CCSD(T) calculations shows no stabilization by aurophilic interactions for our gold(III) systems, compared to 9.1 kcal/mol for gold(I) gem-diauration. This demonstrates no aurophilic interactions are needed for the isolation of air stable gem-diaurated gold(III) complexes. We show the new gem-diaurated gold(III) compounds are active in the gold-catalyzed phenol synthesis and highly active in the cycloisomerization of an N-propargylcarboxamide; here, we obtained the so far highest known TON of over 2500 per gold atom with respect to the oxazole formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Wunsch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Eberle
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joseph P Mullen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Justaud F, Hachem A, Grée R. Recent Developments in the Meyer‐Schuster Rearrangement. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Justaud
- Univ Rennes CNRS (Institut for Chemical Sciences in Rennes), UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Ali Hachem
- Lebanese University Faculty of Sciences (I) Laboratory for Medidinal Chemistry and Natural Products and PRASE-EDST Hadath Lebanon
| | - René Grée
- Univ Rennes CNRS (Institut for Chemical Sciences in Rennes), UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Durmuş B, Tunalı Z, Öztürk BÖ. A non-ionic surfactant based catalyst tablet: a reusable gold–NHC catalyst system for alkyne hydration reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00540e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the encapsulation of IPrAuCl (Au-1) in Synperonic®F108 (Syn), acting as both a catalyst tablet medium and surfactant for dispersion of hydrophobic alkyne substrates and gold–NHC complexes in aqueous media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Durmuş
- Hacettepe University
- Faculty of Science
- Chemistry Department
- Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tunalı
- Hacettepe University
- Faculty of Science
- Chemistry Department
- Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gómez‐Herrera A, Hashim II, Porré M, Nahra F, Cazin CSJ. Au(I)‐Catalyzed Hydration of 1‐Iodoalkynes Leading to α‐Iodoketones. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ishfaq Ibni Hashim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 – S3 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Marre Porré
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 – S3 9000 Gent Belgium
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 – S3 9000 Gent Belgium
- Separation and Conversion Technology Unit VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research) Boeretang 200 2400 Mol Belgium
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 – S3 9000 Gent Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Praveen C. Regio‐ and Site‐selective Molecular Rearrangements by Homogeneous Gold Catalysis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekar Praveen
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR-Laboratory) Alagappapuram Karaikudi-630003, Sivagangai District Tamil Nadu India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Öztürk BÖ, Çetinel B, Karabulut Şehitoğlu S. Encapsulation of
N
‐heterocyclic carbene–gold (I) catalysts within magnetic core/shell silica gels: A reusable alkyne hydration catalyst. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bengi Özgün Öztürk
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry DepartmentHacettepe University Beytepe‐Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Begüm Çetinel
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry DepartmentHacettepe University Beytepe‐Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
A. C. A. Bayrakdar T, Nahra F, Davis JV, Gamage MM, Captain B, Temprado M, Marazzi M, Saab M, Hecke KV, Ormerod D, Hoff CD, Nolan SP. Dinuclear Gold(I) Complexes Bearing Alkyl-Bridged Bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) Ligands as Catalysts for Carboxylative Cyclization of Propargylamine: Synthesis, Structure, and Kinetic and Mechanistic Comparison to the Mononuclear Complex [Au(IPr)Cl]. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahani A. C. A. Bayrakdar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Jack V. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Mohan M. Gamage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Burjor Captain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Manuel Temprado
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingenieŕa Química; Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Marazzi
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingenieŕa Química; Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Saab
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominic Ormerod
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Carl D. Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A. C. A. Bayrakdar T, Scattolin T, Ma X, Nolan SP. Dinuclear gold(i) complexes: from bonding to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7044-7100. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00438c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have seen a veritable explosion in the use of gold(i) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and phosphine (PR3) ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Xinyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zinser CM, Nahra F, Falivene L, Brill M, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Cavallo L, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. Synthesis and reactivity of [Au(NHC)(Bpin)] complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6799-6802. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03171e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A new class of [Au(NHC)(Bpin)] complexes has been synthesized and their unusual reactivity was investigated using computational and experimental methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research)
| | - Laura Falivene
- Department KAUST Catalysis Centre
- KCC
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal-23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcel Brill
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
| | | | - Luigi Cavallo
- Department KAUST Catalysis Centre
- KCC
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal-23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
- Department of Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gatto M, Del Zotto A, Segato J, Zuccaccia D. Hydration of Alkynes Catalyzed by L–Au–X under Solvent- and Acid-Free Conditions: New Insights into an Efficient, General, and Green Methodology. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Gatto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Zotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Jacopo Segato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dillon CC, Keophimphone B, Sanchez M, Kaur P, Muchalski H. Synthesis of 2-substituted benzo[b]thiophenes via gold(i)-NHC-catalyzed cyclization of 2-alkynyl thioanisoles. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:9279-9284. [PMID: 30484460 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[b]thiophene heterocycles are important components of many important small molecule pharmaceuticals and drug candidates as well as organic semiconducting materials. Many methods have been developed for the construction of a benzo[b]thiophene core via cyclization reaction of alkynes. Although few catalytic reactions were disclosed, most methods rely on stoichiometric activation of alkynes. Here we report an efficient method for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzo[b]thiophenes from 2-alkynyl thioanisoles catalyzed by a gold(i)-IPr hydroxide that is applicable to a wide range of substrates with diverse electronic and steric properties. Additionally, we demonstrate experimentally that the acid additive and its conjugate base are essential to catalyst turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Dillon
- California State University Fresno, 2555 E San Ramon Ave M/S SB70, Fresno, CA 93740, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
De Canck E, Nahra F, Bevernaege K, Vanden Broeck S, Ouwehand J, Maes D, Nolan SP, Van Der Voort P. PMO-Immobilized Au I -NHC Complexes: Heterogeneous Catalysts for Sustainable Processes. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:430-436. [PMID: 29115710 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A stable periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) with accessible sulfonic acid functionalities is prepared via a one-pot-synthesis and is used as solid support for highly active catalysts, consisting of gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. The gold complexes are successfully immobilized on the nanoporous hybrid material via a straightforward acid-base reaction with the corresponding [Au(OH)(NHC)] synthon. This catalyst design strategy results in a boomerang-type catalyst, allowing the active species to detach from the surface to perform the catalysis and then to recombine with the solid after all the starting material is consumed. This boomerang behavior is assessed in the hydration of alkynes. The tested catalysts were found to be active in the latter reaction, and after an acidic work-up, the IPr*-based gold catalyst can be recovered and then reused several times without any loss in efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Els De Canck
- Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Bevernaege
- Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Vanden Broeck
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Judith Ouwehand
- Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Diederick Maes
- Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Van Der Voort
- Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-Building S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kumar R, Katari M, Choudhary A, Rajaraman G, Ghosh P. Computational Insight Into the Hydroamination of an Activated Olefin, As Catalyzed by a 1,2,4-Triazole-Derived Nickel(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14859-14869. [PMID: 29218992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A density functional theory (DFT) investigation performed at the B3LYP/TZVP//B3LYP/6-31G(d)-LANL2DZ level of theory on the hydroamination of dimethylamine (Me2NH) on an activated olefin (namely, acrylonitrile (CH2═CHCN)), as catalyzed by a 1,2,4-triazol based nickel(II) N-heterocyclic carbene complex (namely, [1,4-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazole-5-ylidene]2 nickel dichloride) revealed that the olefin coordination pathway is favorable over the amine coordination pathway, although the initial olefin coordination step is higher in energy than the initial amine coordination step. Significantly enough, the reaction involved a crucial 1,3-proton transfer step between the resonance intermediates, i.e., the C-bound [(NHC)2Ni(CH(CN)CH2NHMe2)]+ (D) species or N-bound [(NHC)2Ni(NCCHCH2NHMe2)]+ (E) species and the intermediate [(NHC)2Ni(NCCH2CH2NMe2)]+ (F), depicting the cleavage of a N-H bond and the formation of a C-H bond facilitated by a water-assisted/amine-assisted proton shuttle. Overall, among the various pathways explored, the lowest energy pathway involved alkene coordination, followed by an amine-assisted 1,3-proton transfer step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
| | - Madanakrishna Katari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
| | - Ajay Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
| | - Prasenjit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nelson DJ, Nolan SP. Hydroxide complexes of the late transition metals: Organometallic chemistry and catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
18
|
Veenboer RMP, Gasperini D, Nahra F, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. Expedient Syntheses of Neutral and Cationic Au(I)–NHC Complexes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. P. Veenboer
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Danila Gasperini
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Building S3, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - David B. Cordes
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Building S3, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Building S3, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|