1
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Luo J, Zhao JX, He T, Liu P, Li CT. Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed N-Addition/ C-Addition Reaction of 3-Vinyl Indoles with Pyrazole/Pyrazolone to Construct Pyrazole-Substituted 3-(1-Heteroarylethyl)-indole Scaffolds. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6000-6015. [PMID: 38618901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Developing a highly efficient atom-economic method for the preparation of 3-(1-heteroarylethyl)-indole scaffolds is of significant value in pharmaceutical and agricultural chemistry. Herein, a phosphoric acid-catalyzed N-addition reaction of 3-vinyl indoles with pyrazoles and C-addition reaction of 3-vinyl indoles with pyrazolones were developed. A series of pyrazole-substituted 3-(1-heteroarylethyl)-indole scaffolds were synthesized in excellent yields (up to 99% yield) under mild reaction conditions. A reasonable reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Xing Zhao
- Analysis and Testing Center, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832003, P. R. China
| | - Tao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Tian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
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2
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Kolagkis PX, Galathri EM, Kokotos CG. Green and sustainable approaches for the Friedel-Crafts reaction between aldehydes and indoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:379-426. [PMID: 38410780 PMCID: PMC10896228 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of indoles and their derivatives, more specifically bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs), has been an area of great interest in organic chemistry, since these compounds exhibit a range of interesting biological and pharmacological properties. BIMs are naturally found in cruciferous vegetables and have been shown to be effective antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and even anticancer agents. Traditionally, the synthesis of BIMs has been achieved upon the acidic condensation of an aldehyde with indole, utilizing a variety of protic or Lewis acids. However, due to the increased environmental awareness of our society, the focus has shifted towards the development of greener synthetic technologies, like photocatalysis, organocatalysis, the use of nanocatalysts, microwave irradiation, ball milling, continuous flow, and many more. Thus, in this review, we summarize the medicinal properties of BIMs and the developed BIM synthetic protocols, utilizing the reaction between aldehydes with indoles, while focusing on the more environmentally friendly methods developed over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periklis X Kolagkis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Eirini M Galathri
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
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3
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Wei J, Gandon V, Zhu Y. Amino Acid-Derived Ionic Chiral Catalysts Enable Desymmetrizing Cross-Coupling to Remote Acyclic Quaternary Stereocenters. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16796-16811. [PMID: 37471696 PMCID: PMC10401725 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic application of asymmetric catalysis relies on strategic alignment of bond construction to creation of chirality of a target molecule. Remote desymmetrization offers distinctive advantages of spatial decoupling of catalytic transformation and generation of a stereogenic element. However, such spatial separation presents substantial difficulties for the chiral catalyst to discriminate distant enantiotopic sites through a reaction three or more bonds away from a prochirality center. Here, we report a strategy that establishes acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters through cross-coupling reactions at distal positions of aryl substituents. The new class of amino acid-derived ionic chiral catalysts enables desymmetrizing (enantiotopic-group-selective) Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, Sonogashira reaction, and Buchwald-Hartwig amination between diverse diarylmethane scaffolds and aryl, alkynyl, and amino coupling partners, providing rapid access to enantioenriched molecules that project substituents to widely spaced positions in the three-dimensional space. Experimental and computational investigations reveal electrostatic steering of substrates by the C-terminus of chiral ligands through ionic interactions. Cooperative ion-dipole interactions between the catalyst's amide group and potassium cation aid in the preorganization that transmits asymmetry to the product. This study demonstrates that it is practical to achieve precise long-range stereocontrol through engineering the spatial arrangements of the ionic catalysts' substrate-recognizing groups and metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Paris-Saclay University, bâtiment Hesnri Moissan, 17 avenue des sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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4
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Bag D, Sawant SD. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization-Indole Addition Cascade: Synthesis of 3(2 H)-Furanone-Incorporated Unsymmetrical 3,3'- Bis(indolyl)methanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:4930-4934. [PMID: 35776425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented Au(I)-catalyzed domino intramolecular carbonyl-alkyne cyclization/indole addition strategy has been disclosed here. This generalized strategy enables the synthesis of 3(2H)-furanone-incorporated unsymmetrical bis(indolyl)methanes with generation of a stereocenter at the furanone junction from easily accessible indole-tethered ynediones. In addition, this present protocol could also be extended for the synthesis of a number of indolyl-(hetero)arylmethanes by employing a variety of (hetero)arenes as a nucleophile coupling partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Bag
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sanghapal D Sawant
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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5
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Song H, Zhou H, Shen Y, Wang H, Song H, Cai X, Xu C. HFIP as Protonation Reagent and Solvent for Regioselective Alkylation of Indoles with All-Carbon Centers. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1086-1097. [PMID: 35015536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The regio- and chemoselective construction of indole bearing an all-carbon center at the C3-position, a versatile bioactive building block, by C(sp2)-C(sp3) formation with olefins has been achieved through utilization of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as the protonation reagent and solvent. The catalytic reactions are operationally simple and green compared with previous reports utilizing elaborated olefins and catalysts. This protocol allows for alkylation of a variety of substituted indoles with diverse of styrene type alkenes in excellent yields and with high selectivity. Application of this protocol to the synthesis of drug was pursued and with an improved yield in contrast to previous art. Catalytic kinetics and deuterium-labeling experiments suggest that the rate-determining step involves the protonation of olefin by HFIP to generate carbocation, followed by electrophilic addition to indole derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Song
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hua Song
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xingwei Cai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Chen Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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6
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. D, Sharma YB, Pant S, Dhaked DK, Guru MM. Borane-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative C‒C Bond Formation of Indoles with N-Tosylhydrazones: An Experimental and Computational Study. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00552b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel dehydrogenative C‒C bond formation of indoles and N-tosylhydrazones to di(indolyl)methanes (DIMs) has been demonstrated using tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane as catalyst. A wide range of functional groups can be tolerated under...
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7
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Zhu WR, Su Q, Deng XY, Liu JS, Zhong T, Meng SS, Yi JT, Weng J, Lu G. Organocatalytic enantioselective S N1-type dehydrative nucleophilic substitution: access to bis(indolyl)methanes bearing quaternary carbon stereocenters. Chem Sci 2021; 13:170-177. [PMID: 35733509 PMCID: PMC9158264 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly general and straightforward approach to access chiral bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs) bearing quaternary stereocenters has been realized via enantioconvergent dehydrative nucleophilic substitution. A broad range of 3,3'-, 3,2'- and 3,1'-BIMs were obtained under mild conditions with excellent efficiency and enantioselectivity (80 examples, up to 98% yield and >99 : 1 er). By utilizing racemic 3-indolyl tertiary alcohols as precursors of alkyl electrophiles and indoles as C-H nucleophiles, this organocatalytic strategy avoids pre-activation of substrates and produces water as the only by-product. Mechanistic studies suggest a formal SN1-type pathway enabled by chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. The practicability of the obtained enantioenriched BIMs was further demonstrated by versatile transformation and high antimicrobial activities (3al, MIC: 1 μg mL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Run Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Qiong Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jia-Sheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shui Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Ji-Tao Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jiang Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Gui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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8
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Liu SJ, Tu MS, Liu KY, Chen JY, Ni SF, Zhang YC, Shi F. Organocatalytic Asymmetric [2 + 4] Cycloadditions of 3-Vinylindoles with ortho-Quinone Methides. Molecules 2021; 26:6751. [PMID: 34771158 PMCID: PMC8587149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric [2 + 4] cycloadditions of 3-vinylindoles with ortho-quinone methides and their precursors were carried out in the presence of chiral phosphoric acid to afford a series of indole-containing chroman derivatives with structural diversity in overall high yields (up to 98%), good diastereoselectivities (up to 93:7 dr) and moderate to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee). This approach not only enriches the chemistry of catalytic asymmetric cycloadditions involving 3-vinylindoles but is also useful for synthesizing chiral chroman derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Man-Su Tu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Kai-Yue Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
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9
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Decarboxylative Addition of Propiolic Acids with Indoles to Synthesize Bis(indolyl)methane Derivatives with a Pd(II)/LA Catalyst. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8333-8350. [PMID: 34056902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exploring new protocols for efficient organic synthesis is crucial for pharmaceutical developments. The present work introduces a Pd(II)/LA-catalyzed (LA: Lewis acid) decarboxylative addition reaction for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane derivatives. The presence of Lewis acid such as Sc(OTf)3 triggered Pd(II)-catalyzed decarboxylative addition of propiolic acids with indoles to offer the bis(indolyl)methane derivatives in moderate to good yields, whereas neither Pd(II) nor Lewis acid alone was active for this synthesis. The catalytic efficiency of Pd(OAc)2 was highly dependent on the Lewis acidity of the added Lewis acid, that is, a stronger Lewis acid provided a higher yield of the bis(indolyl)methane derivatives. Meanwhile, this Pd(II)/LA-catalyzed decarboxylative addition reaction showed good tolerance toward versatile electron-rich or -deficient substituents on the indole skeleton and on the benzyl ring of propiolic acids. The studies on the in situ 1H NMR kinetics of this Pd(II)/Sc(III) catalysis disclosed the formation of a transient vinyl-Pd(II)/Sc(III) intermediate generated by the pyrrole addition to the alkynyl-Pd(II)/Sc(III) species after decarboxylation, which was scarcely observed before.
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10
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Zhang H, Guan XK, Sun DY, Liu GF, Gao JG, Zhang GL, Zhang SQ. Asymmetric syntheses of spiro[benzofuro-cyclopenta[1,2-b]indole-indoline] scaffolds via consecutive cyclization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2313-2316. [PMID: 33533784 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08083g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method to construct enantioenriched spiro[benzofuro-cyclopenta[1,2-b]indole-indoline] scaffolds via consecutive cyclization is described here. The new scaffolds possess five successive chiral stereogenic centers and two spiroheterocycles. A range of highly enantioenriched scaffolds has been obtained with up to 93% yield, 99% ee and >19 : 1 d.r. catalyzed by Brønsted acid catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Chantana C, Jaratjaroonphong J. FeCl 3·6H 2O as a Mild Catalyst for Nucleophilic Substitution of Symmetrical Bis(indoyl)methanes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2312-2327. [PMID: 33481609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, unsymmetrical bis(indolyl)methane (BIM) and 3-alkylindole derivatives are smoothly synthesized from symmetrical BIMs with a variety of nucleophiles including heteroaromatic/aromatic compounds, allylsilane and alkynylsilane. FeCl3·6H2O is found to be a mild and highly effective catalyst for this nucleophilic substitution reaction in which N-methyl-2-phenylindole behaves as a good leaving group in the Csp3-Csp2 bond cleavage reaction. The operational ease, nonexpensive and environmentally friendly catalyst, mild reaction conditions, broad functional group tolerance, and scalability of this reaction strategy are advantages of the present procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayamon Chantana
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Jaray Jaratjaroonphong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.,Research Unit in Synthetic Compounds and Synthetic Analogues form Natural Product for Drug Discovery (RSND), Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
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12
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Tu MS, Chen KW, Wu P, Zhang YC, Liu XQ, Shi F. Advances in organocatalytic asymmetric reactions of vinylindoles: powerful access to enantioenriched indole derivatives. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01643h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes advances in vinylindole-based organocatalytic asymmetric reactions since 2008 and includes the applications of some methodologies in the total synthesis of natural products, points out remaining challenges in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Su Tu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- the Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Ke-Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- the Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- the Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- the Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Xiao-Qin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- the Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- the Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
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13
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Indurthi HK, Virdi R, Koli P, Nageswara Rao D, Sharma DK. Seralite SRC-120 resin catalyzed synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using indoles and low/high boiling point carbonyl compounds under solvent free conditions. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1849724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harish K. Indurthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Reena Virdi
- Overseas Healthcare Pvt Ltd, Phillaur, India
| | - Papita Koli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Desaboini Nageswara Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Deepak K Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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14
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McLean EB, Cutolo FM, Cassidy OJ, Burns DJ, Lee AL. Selectivity Control in Gold-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Alkynes with Indoles: Application to Unsymmetrical Bis(indolyl)methanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:6977-6981. [PMID: 32845648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gold-catalyzed hydroarylation of unactivated alkynes with indoles have previously been reported to proceed with double indole addition to produce symmetrical bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs). We demonstrate for the first time that the selectivity of the gold-catalyzed reaction can be fully switched to allow for isolation of the vinylindole products instead. Furthermore, this selective reaction can be utilized to synthesize the more difficult to access unsymmetrical BIMs from readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan B McLean
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U.K
| | - Francesca M Cutolo
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U.K
| | - Orla J Cassidy
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U.K
| | - David J Burns
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U.K
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15
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Zhu WJ, Gong JF, Song MP. Synthesis of Chiral Bis(3-indolyl)methanes Bearing a Trifluoromethylated All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenter via Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Reaction. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9525-9537. [PMID: 32628848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bis(3-indolyl)methanes are well-known natural products with a broad range of important biological functions including cancer cell growth inhibition and antimicrobial activity. Incorporation of a trifluoromethyl group is known to have a profound effect on the parent compound's biological activities. Here, an efficient method for the synthesis of chiral trifluoromethylated bis(3-indolyl)methanes via a catalytic asymmetric Friedel-Crafts (F-C) alkylation reaction has been established. Both enantiomers of the catalysis products can be obtained by tuning the chiral substituents of the catalyst. With 5 mol % of the Ni(II)/(imidazoline-oxazoline) complex as the catalyst, the F-C reaction of indoles with β-CF3-β-(3-indolyl)nitroalkenes proceeded well to afford a series of chiral bis(3-indolyl)methanes bearing a trifluoromethylated all-carbon quaternary stereocenter in generally good yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% yield and 94% ee). Furthermore, by interchanging the indole moieties of the two reactants, indole vs β-CF3-β-(3-indolyl)nitroalkene in the F-C reaction, both enantiomers of a given trifluoromethylated bis(3-indolyl)methane were obtained with high enantioselectivities (89-94% ee) upon removal of the indole N-protecting group in the F-C products. The current work represents the first general catalytic enantioselective approach to the important class of trifluoromethylated bis(3-indolyl)methanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Fang Gong
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
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16
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Yuan L, Palmieri A, Petrini M. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Bisindolylmethanes by Reaction of Indolylmagnesium Bromides with Sulfonyl Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yuan
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry DivisionUniversity of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Italy
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University Hunan Road Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry DivisionUniversity of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry DivisionUniversity of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Italy
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17
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Sato R, Tosaka T, Masu H, Arai T. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Bis(indolyl)methanes Using a Ts-PyBidine-Nickel Complex. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14248-14257. [PMID: 31553607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A chiral tosyl-substituted bis(imidazolidine)pyridine Ts-PyBidine-nickel complex was an efficient catalyst for Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles with methylene indolinones to give bisindolylmethane compounds having differently oxidized indole units with high enantioselectivities. Alkylation of the products proceeded smoothly in a highly diastereoselective manner, providing an all-carbon quaternary carbon center without significant loss of enantiomeric excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sato
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC), Chiba Iodine Research Innovation Center (CIRIC), and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi , Inage, Chiba 263-8522 , Japan
| | - Takuya Tosaka
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC), Chiba Iodine Research Innovation Center (CIRIC), and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi , Inage, Chiba 263-8522 , Japan
| | - Hyuma Masu
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi , Inage, Chiba 263-8522 , Japan
| | - Takayoshi Arai
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC), Chiba Iodine Research Innovation Center (CIRIC), and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi , Inage, Chiba 263-8522 , Japan
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18
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Xie HP, Wu B, Wang XW, Zhou YG. Chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed conjugate addition of indoles to azadienes: Enantioselective synthesis of hetero-triarylmethanes. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Guan XK, Zhang H, Gao JG, Sun DY, Qin XS, Jiang GF, Zhang GL, Zhang S. Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,1,1-Triarylethanes by Chiral Imidodiphosphoric Acid Catalyzed Nucleophilic Addition of Pyrrole and Indoles to 3-Vinylindoles. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12562-12572. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Kai Guan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ji-Gang Gao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dong-Yang Sun
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiang-Shuo Qin
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Guo-Feng Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Guang-Liang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Suoqin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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20
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Ibáñez I, Kaneko M, Kamei Y, Tsutsumi R, Yamanaka M, Akiyama T. Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Reaction of Indoles with α-Trifluoromethylated β-Nitrostyrenes Catalyzed by Chiral BINOL Metal Phosphate. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ibáñez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Mio Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Yuto Kamei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-41-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tsutsumi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-41-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-41-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
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21
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Aldoshin AS, Tabolin AA, Ioffe SL, Nenajdenko VG. One-Pot Synthesis of 3-(2-Fluoroalkenyl)indoles. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Aldoshin
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie gory 1 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A. Tabolin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Sema L. Ioffe
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Valentine G. Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie gory 1 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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22
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Ling Y, An D, Zhou Y, Rao W. Ga(OTf) 3-Catalyzed Temperature-Controlled Regioselective Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Trifluoromethylated 3-Indolylmethanols with 2-Substituted Indoles: Divergent Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Unsymmetrical 3,3'-and 3,6'-Bis(indolyl)methanes. Org Lett 2019; 21:3396-3401. [PMID: 31008615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented Ga(OTf)3-catalyzed, temperature-controlled regiodivergent alkylation of 2-substituted indoles with trifluoromethylated 3-indolylmethanols is described that provides structurally diverse unsymmetrical 3,3'- and 3,6'-bis(indolyl)methanes with a CF3-containing quaternary carbon center in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. In addition, this present protocol could be successfully extended to the synthesis of difluoromethylated 3,3'- and 3,6'-bis(indolyl)methanes with excellent efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ling
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Di An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
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23
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Muthukumar A, Rao GN, Sekar G. Zn(OTf) 2-catalyzed access to symmetrical and unsymmetrical bisindoles from α-keto amides. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3921-3933. [PMID: 30941387 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00114j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zn(OTf)2-catalyzed synthesis of 3,3'-bisindolyl acetamides from α-keto amides is developed. Both aromatic α-keto amides substituted with electron-donating as well as -withdrawing groups and aliphatic α-keto amides are well tolerated to provide symmetrical bisindoles in moderate to excellent yields. The chemoselective bisindolylation of the keto group of α-keto amides in the presence of a simple keto functionality is successfully achieved in good yields. The transformation is further extended to the synthesis of challenging unsymmetrical bisindoles by treating indolyl α-hydroxy amides with substituted indoles. The unsymmetrical bisindoles are isolated in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alagesan Muthukumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India.
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24
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Yang X, Zhou YH, Yang H, Wang SS, Ouyang Q, Luo QL, Guo QX. Asymmetric Diels–Alder Reaction of 3-Vinylindoles and Nitroolefins Promoted by Multiple Hydrogen Bonds. Org Lett 2019; 21:1161-1164. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu-Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Han Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qun-Li Luo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qi-Xiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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25
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Cheng Y, Fang Z, Jia Y, Lu Z, Li W, Li P. Organocatalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of 2-naphthols to ortho-hydroxyphenyl substituted para-quinone methides: access to unsymmetrical triarylmethanes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:24212-24217. [PMID: 35527915 PMCID: PMC9069670 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04768a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The enantioselective conjugate addition of 2-naphthols to ortho-hydroxyphenyl substituted para-quinone methides has been achieved with the aid of a chiral phosphoric acid. Importantly, the reaction took place with excellent chemo- and regioselectivities. In addition, the protocol features a low catalyst loading, mild reaction conditions, and enables the formation of unsymmetrical triarylmethanes in good to high yields with generally high enantioselectivities. The enantioselective conjugate addition of 2-naphthols to ortho-hydroxyphenyl substituted para-quinone methides has been achieved with the aid of a chiral phosphoric acid.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Yanwen Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Zhongyue Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
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26
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Gualandi A, Rodeghiero G, Cozzi PG. Catalytic Stereoselective SN
1-Type Reactions Promoted by Chiral Phosphoric Acids as Brønsted Acid Catalysts. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Giacomo Rodeghiero
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
- Cyanagen Srl; Via Stradelli Guelfi 40/C 40138 Bologna Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”; ALMA MATER STUDIORUM Università di Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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27
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Overview on the Recent Strategies for the Enantioselective Synthesis of 1, 1-Diarylalkanes, Triarylmethanes and Related Molecules Containing the Diarylmethine Stereocenter. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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