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Ojea V, Ruiz M. DLPNO-CCSD(T) and DFT study of the acetate-assisted C-H activation of benzaldimine at [RuCl 2( p-cymene)] 2: the relevance of ligand exchange processes at ruthenium(II) complexes in polar protic media. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8662-8679. [PMID: 38695752 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00380b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
To gain mechanistic insights into the acetate-assisted cyclometallations of arylimines promoted by [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 in polar protic media, DFT geometry optimizations (with M06 and ωB97X-D3 functionals and the cc-pVDZ-PP[Ru] basis set) followed by DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS energy evaluations were performed using benzaldimine as a model substrate and methanol as the solvent (with CPCM or SMD models). The calculation results show that coordination of the imine to an acetate ruthenium precursor is followed by anion (chloride or acetate) dissociation as the rate-determining step of the process. H-Bonding of two explicit MeOH to the anion reduces the calculated activation energy to ca. 23 kcal mol-1, in good agreement with the experimental half-life at room temperature. Subsequent AMLA/CMD C-H activation of the intermediate cationic complexes is a faster, reversible process. Alternative reaction pathways involving neutral diacetate ruthenium complexes offer AMLA/CMD transition state structures of lower energy but are precluded due to higher energy barriers for the initial ligand exchange processes at ruthenium. Solvent assistance accelerates the final chloride/acetate exchange processes on the cycloruthenate intermediates, particularly when compression in the condensed phase is taken into consideration. The performance of six DFT functionals (with the aug-pVTZ-PP[Ru] basis set) was assessed using the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS reference energies. Neutral diacetate ruthenium complexes were incorrectly predicted as being kinetically relevant when using hybrid DFT methods (PBE0-D3(BJ), M06-2X or ωB97M-V). Good agreement between the calculated barrier heights and our benchmark energy results was obtained by using double-hybrid DFT methods. PWPB95 with D3(BJ) or D4 dispersion energy corrections was found to be the most accurate (ΔG≠ MUE of ca. 1 kcal mol-1). This study may aid our understanding of and help with further experimental investigations of synthetically useful carboxylate-assisted C-H bond functionalizations involving (N,C)-cyclometallated (p-cymene)Ru(II) intermediate complexes in sustainable polar protic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Ojea
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, E-15078 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - María Ruiz
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, E-15078 A Coruña, Spain.
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2
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Gujjarappa R, Vodnala N, Malakar CC. Comprehensive Strategies for the Synthesis of Isoquinolines: Progress Since 2008. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Gujjarappa
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Manipur Imphal 795004 Manipur India
| | - Nagaraju Vodnala
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Manipur Imphal 795004 Manipur India
| | - Chandi C. Malakar
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Manipur Imphal 795004 Manipur India
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3
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Conformationally Driven Ru(II)-Catalyzed Multiple ortho-C–H Bond Activation in Diphenylpyrazine Derivatives in Water: Where Is the Limit? Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10040421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ru(II)/carboxylate/PPh3 catalyst system enabled the preparation of highly conjugated pyrazine derivatives in water under microwave irradiation. Both nitrogen atoms efficiently dictated cleavage of the ortho-C–H bonds in both benzene rings of 2,3-diphenylpyrazine substrates through chelation assistance. In conformationally more flexible diphenyldihydropyrazine 1, the arylation of four ortho-C–H bonds was possible, while in the aromatic analog 2, the triarylation was the limit.
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Gopalaiah K, Tiwari A, Choudhary R, Mahiya K. Straightforward Access to 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine 1,1‐dioxides and Quinazolines via Iron‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Condensation of Amines. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kovuru Gopalaiah
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Ankit Tiwari
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Renu Choudhary
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Kuldeep Mahiya
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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5
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Shi X, Wang R, Zeng X, Zhang Y, Hu H, Xie C, Wang M. Ruthenium (II)‐Catalyzed Oxidant‐Free Coupling/Cyclization of Benzimidates and Sulfoxonium Ylides to Form Substituted Isoquinolines. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxia Shi
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchao Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 People's Republic of China
| | - Yilan Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Hu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsong Xie
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 People's Republic of China
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Kang P, Jeon Y, Kim Y, Choi MG. C-H Activation of the 5-(Pyridine-3-yloxy)isophthalic Acid to Construct Iridium, Rhodium, and Ruthenium Binuclear Metallocyclophanes. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philjae Kang
- Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Yonggoon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Moon-Gun Choi
- Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Korea
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7
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Drev M, Grošelj U, Ledinek B, Perdih F, Svete J, Štefane B, Požgan F. Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Microwave-Promoted Multiple C-H Activation in Synthesis of Hexa(heteroaryl)benzenes in Water. Org Lett 2018; 20:5268-5273. [PMID: 30130120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of hexa(heteroaryl)benzenes were synthesized by the Ru(II)-carboxylate-catalyzed multiple C-H activation of benzenes carrying pyridyl, pyrimidyl, or pyrazolyl directing groups using N-heteroaryl bromides as coupling partners. The reactions proceeded with high selectivity under microwave irradiation in water. Iterative penta-arylation could be implemented via activation of C-H bonds of generated intermediates by cascade chelation assistance of in situ installed pyridyl groups. This strategy provides multidentate ligands for selective complexation of transition metals and potential building of photoredox systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miha Drev
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Uroš Grošelj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Bine Ledinek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Franc Perdih
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Jurij Svete
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Bogdan Štefane
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Franc Požgan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , University of Ljubljana , Večna pot 113 , SI-1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
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8
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Mehta A, Saha B, Koohang AA, Chorghade MS. Arene Ruthenium Catalyst MCAT-53 for the Synthesis of Heterobiaryl Compounds in Water through Aromatic C–H Bond Activation. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mehta
- Chicago Discovery Solutions LLC, 23561 West Main St., Plainfield, Illinois 60544, United States
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Chicago Discovery Solutions LLC, 23561 West Main St., Plainfield, Illinois 60544, United States
| | - Ali Aiden Koohang
- Chicago Discovery Solutions LLC, 23561 West Main St., Plainfield, Illinois 60544, United States
| | - Mukund S. Chorghade
- Chicago Discovery Solutions LLC, 23561 West Main St., Plainfield, Illinois 60544, United States
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9
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Drev M, Grošelj U, Ledinek B, Perdih F, Svete J, Štefane B, Požgan F. Microwave-Promoted ortho
-C−H Bond (Hetero)arylation of Arylpyrimidines in Water Catalyzed by Ruthenium(II)−Carboxylate. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miha Drev
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Večna pot 113 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Uroš Grošelj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Večna pot 113 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Bine Ledinek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Večna pot 113 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Present address: Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie; Universität Leipzig; Johannisallee 29 D-04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Franc Perdih
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Večna pot 113 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Jurij Svete
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Večna pot 113 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Bogdan Štefane
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Večna pot 113 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Franc Požgan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; University of Ljubljana; Večna pot 113 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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10
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Jeong T, Lee SH, Chun R, Han S, Han SH, Jeon YU, Park J, Yoshimitsu T, Mishra NK, Kim IS. Ru(II)-Catalyzed C-H Aminocarbonylation of N-(Hetero)aryl-7-azaindoles with Isocyanates. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4641-4649. [PMID: 29616808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ruthenium(II)-catalyzed C-H aminocarbonylation of N-(hetero)aryl-7-azaindoles with isocyanates is described. The excellent site selectivity at the ortho-position within the N-(hetero)aryl ring was observed to provide ortho-amidated N-(hetero)aryl-7-azaindoles under the mild reaction conditions. The resulting 7-azaindole derivatives can be readily transformed into 7-azaindoles containing carboxylic acid and alkyl amine functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejoo Jeong
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science , Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Suk Hun Lee
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Rina Chun
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Han
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Han
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Uk Jeon
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio & Drug Discovery , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Park
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Takehiko Yoshimitsu
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science , Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Neeraj Kumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
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11
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Gramage-Doria R, Achelle S, Bruneau C, Robin-le Guen F, Dorcet V, Roisnel T. Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed C-H (Hetero)Arylation of Alkenylic 1,n-Diazines (n = 2, 3, and 4): Scope, Mechanism, and Application in Tandem Hydrogenations. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1462-1477. [PMID: 29319315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A general ruthenium(II)-catalyzed methodology enabling the (hetero)arylation of alkenylic C-H bonds utilizing a series of synthetically appealing diazines as directing groups is presented. Despite the presence of additional nitrogen lone pairs remote from the C-H bond activation site, which could eventually poison the catalyst, the reaction times are short (3 h), thus being suitable for selective double C-H bond arylation. Mixtures of E:Z isomeric products were observed in some cases, which were further hydrogenated in a tandem manner in the presence of the remaining ruthenium catalyst from the first step, representing an alternative approach to more difficult C(sp3)-H bond functionalization. According to mechanistic studies, the unexpected E:Z product formation seems to occur by thermal C═C bond isomerization after the reductive elimination step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gramage-Doria
- Univ Rennes , CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sylvain Achelle
- Univ Rennes , CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christian Bruneau
- Univ Rennes , CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Françoise Robin-le Guen
- Univ Rennes , CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Univ Rennes , CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes , CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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12
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McIntyre J, Mayoral-Soler I, Salvador P, Poater A, Nelson DJ. Insights into mechanism and selectivity in ruthenium(ii)-catalysed ortho-arylation reactions directed by Lewis basic groups. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy00592c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a detailed study of the mechanism and selectivity of ruthenium-catalysed C–H arylation reactions directed by Lewis basic heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie McIntyre
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Irene Mayoral-Soler
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química
- Campus Montilivi
- Universitat de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química
- Campus Montilivi
- Universitat de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - David J. Nelson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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