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Eichhorn E, Schroeder F. From Ambergris to (-)-Ambrox: Chemistry Meets Biocatalysis for Sustainable (-)-Ambrox Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5042-5052. [PMID: 36961824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Ambrox, the most prominent olfactive component of ambergris is one of the most widely used biodegradable fragrance ingredients. Traditionally it is produced from the diterpene sclareol, modified and cyclized into (-)-ambrox by classical chemistry steps. The availability of the new feedstock (E)-β-farnesene produced by fermentation opened new pathways to (E,E)-homofarnesol as a precursor to (-)-ambrox. Combining chemical transformation of (E)-β-farnesene to (E,E)-homofarnesol and its enzymatic cyclization at the industrial scale to (-)-ambrox with an engineered squalene hopene cyclase illustrates the potential of biotechnology for a more sustainable process, thus meeting the increasing consumers' demand for sustainably produced high quality perfumery and consumer goods. This review traces back to the origin of ambergris and the search for the source of its mysterious odor, leading to the discovery of (-)-ambrox as its main olfactive principle. It discusses the plethora of ways explored for its synthesis from diverse starting materials and presents the development of a process with significantly improved carbon efficiency for the industrial production of (-)-ambrox as 100% renewable Ambrofix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Eichhorn
- Fragrances S&T, Ingredients Research, Givaudan Schweiz AG, Kemptpark 50, CH-8310 Kemptthal, Switzerland
| | - Fridtjof Schroeder
- Fragrances S&T, Ingredients Research, Givaudan Schweiz AG, Kemptpark 50, CH-8310 Kemptthal, Switzerland
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2
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Zhang S, Duan YN, Qian Y, Tang W, Zhang R, Wen J, Zhang X. Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydrogenative Transformation of Nitriles. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ya-Nan Duan
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenyue Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Runtong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jialin Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xumu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
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3
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Afanasyev OI, Kuchuk EA, Muratov KM, Denisov GL, Chusov D. Symmetrical Tertiary Amines: Applications and Synthetic Approaches. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg I. Afanasyev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St. 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A. Kuchuk
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St. 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Karim M. Muratov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St. 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Gleb L. Denisov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St. 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Denis Chusov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St. 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- National Research University Higher School of Economics Miasnitskaya Str. 20 Moscow 101000 Russian Federation
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Liu X, Wang Y, Jin S, Li X, Zhang Z. High performance of nitrogen-doped carbon-supported cobalt catalyst for the mild and selective synthesis of primary amines. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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5
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Yu C, Ma X, Song Q. Palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides with in situ generated CN− from ClCF2H and NaNH2. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00775g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient Pd-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides with in situ generated CN− anions is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Yu
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation
- College of Chemical Engineering at Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Ma
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation
- College of Chemical Engineering at Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation
- College of Chemical Engineering at Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
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Konrath R, Heutz FJL, Steinfeldt N, Rockstroh N, Kamer PCJ. Facile synthesis of supported Ru-Triphos catalysts for continuous flow application in selective nitrile reduction. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8195-8201. [PMID: 31857885 PMCID: PMC6837175 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01415b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectivity of immobilized Triphos-type catalysts can be tuned for application in nitrile hydrogenation in batch and continuous flow processes.
The selective catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles represents an important but challenging transformation for many homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, we report the efficient and modular solid-phase synthesis of immobilized Triphos-type ligands in very high yields, involving only minimal work-up procedures. The corresponding supported ruthenium–Triphos catalysts are tested in the hydrogenation of various nitriles. Under mild conditions and without the requirement of additives, the tunable supported catalyst library provides selective access to both primary amines and secondary imines. Moreover, the first application of a Triphos-type catalyst in a continuous flow process is presented demonstrating high catalyst life-time over at least 195 hours without significant activity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Konrath
- School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK . .,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein Straße 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany .
| | - Frank J L Heutz
- School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Norbert Steinfeldt
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein Straße 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany .
| | - Nils Rockstroh
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein Straße 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany .
| | - Paul C J Kamer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein Straße 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany .
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Calleja P, Ernst M, Hashmi ASK, Schaub T. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Deaminative Hydrogenation of Amino Nitriles: Direct Access to 1,2-Amino Alcohols. Chemistry 2019; 25:9498-9503. [PMID: 30848852 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for the efficient and highly selective synthesis of 1,2-amino alcohols by direct reductive hydrolysis of N-formyl-protected α-amino nitriles is reported. The commercially available RuHCl(CO)(PPh3 )3 complex was found to be a suitable catalyst for this operationally simple protocol, in which no stoichiometric amounts of undesired metal waste are generated. The deaminative hydrogenation is performed at 55 bar of H2 , using a 6:1 mixture of 1,4-dioxane/water as solvent. In addition, hydroxymethyl alcohols were prepared from cyanoketones under very similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Calleja
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Ernst
- Synthesis and Homogeneous Catalysis., BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaub
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Synthesis and Homogeneous Catalysis., BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Hydrative syntheses of amides from alkynes catalyzed by an Au(I) complex containing pyridyl-functionalized NHC ligand. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Tavakoli G, Prechtl MHG. The reductive deaminative conversion of nitriles to alcohols using para-formaldehyde in aqueous solution. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01484e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report herein, for the first time, the application of para-formaldehyde (pFA) to the reductive deamination of both aliphatic and aromatic nitriles in aqueous solution under transfer hydrogenation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Tavakoli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- 50939 Köln
- Germany
| | - Martin H. G. Prechtl
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- 50939 Köln
- Germany
- Department of Science and Environment
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