1
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Hochberg D, Buhse T, Micheau JC, Ribó JM. Chiral selectivity vs. noise in spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:31583-31595. [PMID: 37882619 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03311b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Mirror symmetry breaking bifurcations, that occur in nonlinear chemical systems leading to final chiral states with very large enantiomeric excess, can be exploited as an efficient chiral signal selector for even the smallest chiral polarizations. This effect of the chiral polarization requires the system's capacity for overcoming thermal noise, which is manifested as fluctuating reaction rate constants. Therefore, we investigate the chiral selectivity across a range of tiny parity-violating energy differences (PVED) in the presence of inevitable non-equilibrium temperature fluctuations. We use a stochastic differential equation simulation methodology (Ito process) that serves as a valuable tool in open systems for identifying the thresholds at which the chiral force induces chiral selectivity in the presence of non-equilibrium temperature fluctuations. This approach enables us to include and analyze chiral selectivity in the presence of other types of fluctuations, such as perturbations in the rate of fluid flow into and out of the reactor and in the clamped input concentrations. These concepts may be of practical interest (i.e., spontaneous deracemizations) but are also useful for a better understanding of the general principles governing the emergence of biological homochirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hochberg
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Carretera Ajalvir Kilómetro 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Thomas Buhse
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jean-Claude Micheau
- Laboratoire Softmat (ex IMRCP), UMR au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique No. 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Josep M Ribó
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Cosmos Science (IEEC-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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2
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Soai K. The Soai reaction and its implications with the life's characteristic features of self-replication and homochirality. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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3
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Soai K, Kawasaki T, Matsumoto A. Asymmetric Autocatalysis as an Efficient Link Between the Origin of Homochirality and Highly Enantioenriched Compounds. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2022; 52:57-74. [PMID: 35960427 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-022-09626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biological homochirality of essential components such as L-amino acids and D-sugars is prerequisite for the emergence, evolution and the maintenance of life. Implication of biological homochirality is described. Considerable interest has been focused on the origin and the process leading to the homochirality. Asymmetric autocatalysis with amplification of enantiomeric excess (ee), i.e., the Soai reaction, is capable to link the low ee induced by the proposed origins of chirality such as circularly polarized light and high ee of the organic compound. Absolute asymmetric synthesis without the intervention of any chiral factor was achieved in the Soai reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenso Soai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan.
| | - Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Arimasa Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
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4
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London Disperse Interactions Assist Chiral Induction in the Soai Autoamplifying Reaction Provoked by 1- and 2-Aza[6]helicenes. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12080859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, DFT computations revealed the mechanisms of the asymmetric catalytic reactions of diisopropylzinc with pyrimidylaldehyde catalyzed by 1- and 2-aza[6]helicenes, which make them effective inductors of the autocatalytic chiral amplification Soai reaction. The generation of chirality takes place through the formation of adducts of aldehyde and helicenes stabilized via non-covalent disperse interactions strictly defining the orientation of the aldehyde molecule in the corresponding transition state.
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5
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Buhse T, Micheau JC. Spontaneous Emergence of Transient Chirality in Closed, Reversible Frank-like Deterministic Models. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2022; 52:3-20. [PMID: 35680768 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-022-09621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To explore abiotic theories related to the origin of biomolecular homochirality, we analyze two entirely reversible kinetic models composed of an enantioselective autocatalysis with limited stereoselectivity that is coupled to an enantiomeric mutual inhibition (Frank-like models). The two models differ in their autocatalytic steps in respect to the formation of monomer species in one model and of dimer species in the other. While fully reversible and running in a closed system, spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking (SMSB) gives rise to transient chiral excursions, even when starting from a strictly achiral situation. Before the SMSB, the two models differ in the main dissipative processes. At the SMSB, the entropy production rate reaches its maximum in both models. Here it is the enantioselective autocatalysis with retention of the winner enantiomer that dominates. During the terminal phase, the enantioselective autocatalysis with inversion prevails, while the entropy production rate vanishes, thus fulfilling the conditions of microscopic reversibility. SMSB does not occur if the autocatalytic rate constant is too strong or too weak. However, when the autocatalysis is relatively weak, the temporary chiral excursions last for long periods of time and could be the starting point of a cascade of asymmetric reactions. The realism of such Frank-like models is discussed from the viewpoint of their relevance to prebiotic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Buhse
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas - IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Jean-Claude Micheau
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR au CNRS No. 5623, F-31062, Toulouse Cedex, France.
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6
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Sallembien Q, Bouteiller L, Crassous J, Raynal M. Possible chemical and physical scenarios towards biological homochirality. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3436-3476. [PMID: 35377372 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01179k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The single chirality of biological molecules in terrestrial biology raises more questions than certitudes about its origin. The emergence of biological homochirality (BH) and its connection with the appearance of life have elicited a large number of theories related to the generation, amplification and preservation of a chiral bias in molecules of life under prebiotically relevant conditions. However, a global scenario is still lacking. Here, the possibility of inducing a significant chiral bias "from scratch", i.e. in the absence of pre-existing enantiomerically-enriched chemical species, will be considered first. It includes phenomena that are inherent to the nature of matter itself, such as the infinitesimal energy difference between enantiomers as a result of violation of parity in certain fundamental interactions, and physicochemical processes related to interactions between chiral organic molecules and physical fields, polarized particles, polarized spins and chiral surfaces. The spontaneous emergence of chirality in the absence of detectable chiral physical and chemical sources has recently undergone significant advances thanks to the deracemization of conglomerates through Viedma ripening and asymmetric auto-catalysis with the Soai reaction. All these phenomena are commonly discussed as plausible sources of asymmetry under prebiotic conditions and are potentially accountable for the primeval chiral bias in molecules of life. Then, several scenarios will be discussed that are aimed to reflect the different debates about the emergence of BH: extra-terrestrial or terrestrial origin (where?), nature of the mechanisms leading to the propagation and enhancement of the primeval chiral bias (how?) and temporal sequence between chemical homochirality, BH and life emergence (when?). Intense and ongoing theories regarding the emergence of optically pure molecules at different moments of the evolution process towards life, i.e. at the levels of building blocks of Life, of the instructed or functional polymers, or even later at the stage of more elaborated chemical systems, will be critically discussed. The underlying principles and the experimental evidence will be commented for each scenario with particular attention on those leading to the induction and enhancement of enantiomeric excesses in proteinogenic amino acids, natural sugars, and their intermediates or derivatives. The aim of this review is to propose an updated and timely synopsis in order to stimulate new efforts in this interdisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Sallembien
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Matthieu Raynal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
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7
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Abstract
For over 25 years the chemistry community has puzzled over the mechanism of the Soai reaction, a fascinating chemical process which achieves chiral symmetry breaking by combining autocatalysis with asymmetric amplification. In 2020, the groups of Denmark and Trapp each made a proposal, based on extensive experimental work, on what is the catalytic species there: either a tetrameric product alkoxide aggregate ("SMS tetramer") or a product-substrate dimer ("hemiacetal"). These models seemingly oppose and exclude each other; however, they might also be both valid since the studies were conducted on different substrates which are not necessarily equivalent. This is shown in this Viewpoint by an in-depth comparison of the two studies and of data from earlier reports, which opens up to a discussion on this scenario's far-reaching implications on the fundamental understanding of asymmetry-amplifying autocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Geiger
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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8
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Kenny RT, Liu F. Robust and Scalable Synthesis of Soai Aldehydes via Improved Barbier‐type Halogen–lithium Exchange. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fei Liu
- Macquarie University Dept. of Molecular Sciences F7B 330 2109 Sydney AUSTRALIA
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9
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Rotunno G, Kaur G, Lazzarini A, Buono C, Amedjkouh M. Symmetry Breaking and Autocatalytic Amplification in Soai Reaction Confined within UiO-MOFs under Heterogenous Conditions. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2361-2369. [PMID: 34250741 PMCID: PMC8456963 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Symmetry breaking is observed in the Soai reaction in a confinement environment provided by zirconium‐based UiO‐MOFs used as crystalline sponges. Subsequent reaction of encapsulated Soai aldehyde with Zn(i‐Pr)2 vapour promoted absolute asymmetric synthesis of the corresponding alkanol. ATR‐IR and NMR confirm integration of aldehyde into the porous material, and a similar localization of newly formed chiral alkanol after reaction. Despite the confinement, the Soai reaction exhibits significant activity and autocatalytic amplification. Comparative catalytic studies with various UiO‐MOFs indicate different outcomes in terms of enantiomeric excess, handedness distribution of the product and reaction rate, when compared to pristine solid Soai aldehyde, while the crystalline MOF remains highly stable to action of Zn(iPr)2 vapour. This is an unprecedented example of absolute asymmetric synthesis using MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Rotunno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1126, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1126, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea Lazzarini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1126, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carlo Buono
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1126, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohamed Amedjkouh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1126, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Abstract
AbstractThe generally accepted hypothesis to explain the origin of biological homochirality (that is to say, the fact that proteinogenic amino acids are left-handed, and carbohydrates right-handed, in all living beings) is to assume, in the course of prebiotic chemical evolution, the appearance of an initial enantiomeric excess in a set of chiral molecular entities by spontaneous mirror-symmetry breaking (SMSB), together with suitable amplification and replication mechanisms that overcome the thermodynamic drive to racemization. However, the achievement of SMSB in chemical reactions taking place in solution requires highly specific reaction networks showing nonlinear dynamics based on enantioselective autocatalysis, and examples of its experimental realization are very rare. On the other hand, emergence of net supramolecular chirality by SMSB in the self-assembly of achiral molecules has been seen to occur in several instances, and the chirality sign of the resulting supramolecular system can be controlled by the action of macroscopic chiral forces. These considerations led us to propose a new mechanism for the generation of net chirality in molecular systems, in which the SMSB takes place in the formation of chiral supramolecular dissipative structures from achiral monomers, leading to asymmetric imbalances in their composition that are subsequently transferred to a standard enantioselective catalytic reaction, dodging in this way the highly limiting requirement of finding suitable reactions in solution that show enantioselective autocatalysis. We propose the name ‘absolute asymmetric catalysis’ for this approach, in which an achiral monomer is converted into a nonracemic chiral aggregate that is generated with SMSB and that is catalytically active.Our aim in this Account is to present a step-by-step narrative of the conceptual and experimental development of this hitherto unregarded, but prebiotically plausible, mechanism for the emergence of net chirality in molecular reactions.1 Introduction: The Origin of Biological Homochirality and Spontaneous Mirror-Symmetry Breaking2 Experimental Chemical Models for Spontaneous Mirror-Symmetry Breaking: The Soai Reaction and Beyond3 Spontaneous Mirror-Symmetry Breaking in Supramolecular Chemistry: Plenty of Room at the Top4 Absolute Asymmetric Catalysis: An Alternative Mechanism for the Emergence of Net Chirality in Molecular Systems
5 Experimental Realization of Top-Down Chirality Transfer to the Molecular Level6 Conclusions and Outlook
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Crusats
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Chemistry
- Institute of Cosmos Science (IEE-ICC), Universitat de Barcelona
| | - Albert Moyano
- Section of Organic Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Chemistry
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11
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Kawasaki T, Kaimori Y, Shimada S, Hara N, Sato S, Suzuki K, Asahi T, Matsumoto A, Soai K. Asymmetric autocatalysis triggered by triglycine sulfate with switchable chirality by altering the direction of the applied electric field. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5999-6002. [PMID: 34023863 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triglycine sulfate (TGS) acts as a chiral trigger for asymmetric autocatalysis with amplification of enantiomeric excess, i.e., the Soai reaction. Therefore, molecular chirality of highly enantioenriched organic compounds is controlled by a ferroelectric crystal TGS, whose polarization is altered by an electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyasu Kaimori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Seiya Shimada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Natsuki Hara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Susumu Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Kenta Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Toru Asahi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University (TWIns), Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Arimasa Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Kenso Soai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan. and Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
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12
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Buhse T, Cruz JM, Noble-Terán ME, Hochberg D, Ribó JM, Crusats J, Micheau JC. Spontaneous Deracemizations. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2147-2229. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Buhse
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas−IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - José-Manuel Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias en Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29050, Mexico
| | - María E. Noble-Terán
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas−IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - David Hochberg
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Carretera Ajalvir, Km. 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid Spain
| | - Josep M. Ribó
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (IEEC-ICC) and Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Joaquim Crusats
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (IEEC-ICC) and Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya Spain
| | - Jean-Claude Micheau
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR au CNRS No. 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
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13
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Romagnoli C, Sieng B, Amedjkouh M. Kinetic relationship in parallel autocatalytic amplifications of pyridyl alkanol and chiral trigger pyrimidyl alkanol. Chirality 2020; 32:1143-1151. [PMID: 32602567 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and kinetic analysis of a chemical system combines autocatalytic amplification of 2-alkynyl-5-pyrimidyl alkanol 2 and 6-alkynyl-3-pyridyl akanol 4 in which 2 acts as a chiral trigger and 4 being the subsequent autocatalyst. Starting from a very low initial ee, both alkanols are produced with high enantiopurity in one single cycle. This provides insight into a dual nonlinear amplification of chirality observed with amplifying trigger 2 and accelerated amplification of autocatalyst 4. These kinetic studies reveal a five-fold magnitude superior amplification rates of 4 associated with trigger's enantiopurity at the outset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bora Sieng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Role of Asymmetric Autocatalysis in the Elucidation of Origins of Homochirality of Organic Compounds. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrimidyl alkanol and related compounds were found to be asymmetric autocatalysts in the enantioselective addition of diisopropylzinc to pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde and related aldehydes. In the asymmetric autocatalysis with amplification of enantiomeric excess (ee), the very low ee (ca. 0.00005%) of 2-alkynyl-5-pyrimidyl alkanol was significantly amplified to >99.5% ee with an increase in the amount. By using asymmetric autocatalysis with amplification of ee, several origins of homochirality have been examined. Circularly polarized light, chiral quartz, and chiral crystals formed from achiral organic compounds such as glycine and carbon (13C/12C), nitrogen (15N/14N), oxygen (18O/16O), and hydrogen (D/H) chiral isotopomers were found to act as the origin of chirality in asymmetric autocatalysis. And the spontaneous absolute asymmetric synthesis was also realized without the intervention of any chiral factor.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin P. Bryliakov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Pr. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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16
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SOAI K. Asymmetric autocatalysis. Chiral symmetry breaking and the origins of homochirality of organic molecules. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2019; 95:89-110. [PMID: 30853700 PMCID: PMC6541725 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.95.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biological homochirality, such as that of l-amino acids, has been a puzzle with regards to the chemical origin of life. Asymmetric autocatalysis is a reaction in which a chiral product acts as an asymmetric catalyst to produce more of itself in the same absolute configuration. 5-Pyrimidyl alkanol was found to act as an asymmetric autocatalyst in the enantioselective addition of diisopropylzinc to pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde. Asymmetric autocatalysis of 2-alkynyl-5-pyrimidyl alkanol with an extremely low enantiomeric excess of ca. 0.00005% exhibited significant asymmetric amplification to afford the same pyrimidyl alkanol with >99.5% enantiomeric excess and with an increase in the quantity of the same compound. We have employed asymmetric autocatalysis to examine the origin of homochirality. Asymmetric autocatalysis triggered by circularly polarized light, chiral minerals such as quartz, chiral organic crystals composed of achiral compounds gave highly enantioenriched pyrimidyl alkanol with absolute configurations corresponding with those of the chiral triggers. Absolute asymmetric synthesis without the intervention of any chiral factor was achieved. Chiral isotopomers acted as chiral triggers of asymmetric autocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenso SOAI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: K. Soai, Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan (e-mail: )
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17
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Ageeva AA, Khramtsova EA, Magin IM, Purtov PA, Miranda MA, Leshina TV. Role of Association in Chiral Catalysis: From Asymmetric Synthesis to Spin Selectivity. Chemistry 2018; 24:18587-18600. [PMID: 29932476 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The origin of biomolecules in the pre-biological period is still a matter of debate, as is the unclarified nature of the differences in enantiomer properties, especially for the medically important activity of chiral drugs. With regards to the first issue, significant progress was made in the last decade of the 20th century through experimental confirmation of Frank's popular theory on chiral catalysis in spontaneous asymmetric synthesis. Soai examined the chiral catalysis of the alkylation of achiral aldehydes by achiral reagents. Attempts to model this process demonstrated the key role of chiral compounds associates as templates for chiral synthesis. However, the elementary mechanism of alkylation and the role of free radicals in this process are still incompletely understood. Meanwhile, the influence of external magnetic fields on chiral enrichment in the radical path of alkylation has been predicted. In addition, the role of chiral dyad association in another radical process, electron transfer (ET), has been recently demonstrated by the following methods: chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarisation (CIDNP), NMR spectroscopy, XRD and photochemistry. The CIDNP analysis of ET in two dyads has revealed a phenomenon first observed for chiral systems, spin selectivity, which results in the difference between the CIDNP enhancement coefficients of dyad diastereomers. These dyads are linked systems consisting of the widespread drug (S)-naproxen (NPX) or its R analogue and electron donors, namely, (S)-tryptophan and (S)-N-methylpyrrolidine. Because NPX is one of the most striking examples of the difference in the therapeutic properties of enantiomers, the appearance of spin selectivity in dyads with (S)- and (R)-NPX and S donors can shed light on the chemical nature of these differences. This review is devoted to discussing the chemical nature of spin selectivity and the role of chiral associates in the chiral catalysis of an elementary radical reaction: ET in chiral dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra A Ageeva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Phenomena, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Khramtsova
- Laboratory of Magnetic Phenomena, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ilya M Magin
- Laboratory of Magnetic Phenomena, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Peter A Purtov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Phenomena, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Miguel A Miranda
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tatyana V Leshina
- Laboratory of Magnetic Phenomena, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Asymmetric autocatalysis of pyrimidyl alkanol and related compounds. Self-replication, amplification of chirality and implication for the origin of biological enantioenriched chirality. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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