1
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Liang H, Wang X, Wang H, Qu Z. Co-doped cryptomelane-type manganese oxide in situ grown on a nickel foam substrate for high humidity ozone decomposition. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:529-540. [PMID: 39095186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Monolithic catalysts with excellent O3 catalytic decomposition performance were prepared by in situ loading of Co-doped KMn8O16 on the surface of nickel foam. The triple-layer structure with Co-doped KMn8O16/Ni6MnO8/Ni foam was grown spontaneously on the surface of nickel foam by tuning the molar ratio of KMnO4 to Co(NO3)2·6H2O precursors. Importantly, the formed Ni6MnO8 structure between KMn8O16 and nickel foam during in situ synthesis process effectively protected nickel foam from further etching, which significantly enhanced the reaction stability of catalyst. The optimum amount of Co doping in KMn8O16 was available when the molar ratio of Mn to Co species in the precursor solution was 2:1. And the Mn2Co1 catalyst had abundant oxygen vacancies and excellent hydrophobicity, thus creating outstanding O3 decomposition activity. The O3 conversion under dry conditions and relative humidity of 65%, 90% over a period of 5 hr was 100%, 94% and 80% with the space velocity of 28,000 hr-1, respectively. The in situ constructed Co-doped KMn8O16/Ni foam catalyst showed the advantages of low price and gradual applicability of the preparation process, which provided an opportunity for the design of monolithic catalyst for O3 catalytic decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhenping Qu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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2
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Wang Z, Chen Y, Li X, Ma J, He G, He H. A superior catalyst for ozone decomposition: NiFe layered double hydroxide. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 134:2-10. [PMID: 37673529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone is harmful to human beings and ecosystems, while room-temperature catalytic decomposition is the most effective technology for ozone abatement. However, solving the deactivation of existing metal oxide catalysts was caused by oxygen-containing intermediates is challenging. Here, we successfully prepared a two-dimensional NiFe layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) catalyst via a facile co-precipitation method, which exhibited stable and highly efficient performance of ozone decomposition under harsh operating conditions (high space velocity and humidity). The NiFe-LDH catalyst with Ni/Fe = 3 and crystallization time over 5 hr (named Ni3Fe-5) exhibited the best catalytic performance, which was well beyond that of most existing manganese-based oxide catalysts. Specifically, under relative humidity of 65% and space velocity of 840 L/(g·hr), Ni3Fe-5 showed ozone conversion of 89% and 76% for 40 ppmV of O3 within 6 and 168 hr at room-temperature, respectively. We demonstrated that the layered structure of NiFe-LDH played a decisive role in its outstanding catalytic performance in terms of both activity and water resistance. The LDH catalysts fundamentally avoids the deactivation caused by the occupancy of oxygen vacancies by oxygen-containing species (H2O, O-, and O2-) in manganese-based oxide. This study indicated the promising application potential of LDHs than manganese-based oxide catalysts in removal of gaseous ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingfa Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guangzhi He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Zhao L, Feng J, Abbas A, Wang C, Wang H. MOF-Derived Mn 2 O 3 Nanocage with Oxygen Vacancies as Efficient Cathode Catalysts for Li-O 2 Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302953. [PMID: 37300361 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Designing efficient and cost-effective electrocatalysts is the primary imperative for addressing the pivotal concerns confronting lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs). The microstructure of the catalyst is one of the key factors that influence the catalytic performance. This study proceeds to the advantage of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derivatives by annealing manganese 1,2,3-triazolate (MET-2) at different temperatures to optimize Mn2 O3 crystals for special microstructures. It is found that at 350 °C annealing temperature, the derived Mn2 O3 nanocage maintains the structure of MOF, the inherited high porosity and large specific surface area provide more channels for Li+ and O2 diffusion, beside the oxygen vacancies on the surface of Mn2 O3 nanocages enhance the electrocatalytic activity. With the synergy of unique structure and rich oxygen vacancies, the Mn2 O3 nanocage exhibits ultrahigh discharge capacity (21 070.6 mAh g-1 at 500 mA g-1 ) and excellent cycling stability (180 cycles at the limited capacity of 600 mAh g-1 with a current of 500 mA g-1 ). This study demonstrates that the Mn2 O3 nanocage structure containing oxygen vacancies can significantly enhance catalytic performance for LOBs, which provide a simple method for structurally designed transition metal oxide electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwen Zhao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Adeel Abbas
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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4
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Wang T, Fu Q, Wang S, Xing D, Bai Y, Wang S. Enhanced water-resistance of Mn-based catalysts for ambient temperature ozone elimination: Roles of N and Pd modification. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135014. [PMID: 35598789 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cryptomelane-type MnO2 catalysts own excellent ozone (O3) decomposition performance. However, it is urgent to improve their long-term stability at ambient temperature, especially under the presence of water. In the present study, a modification strategy was proposed by N-doping and the successive Pd introduction. The N-doping of MnO2 by NH4Cl (NH4-MnO2) can increase its activity for O3 decomposition. And almost 100% O3 decomposition was achieved within 24 h under water-free atmosphere at ambient temperature (25 °C). Successive Pd addition further promoted the water-resistance of NH4-MnO2 catalyst under high humidity (RH > 90%). In combination with detailed characterizations, it indicated that the enhancements on stability and water-resistance were attributed to synergistic effect among acid sites, oxygen defects and Pd clusters. Finally, the decomposition mechanism of gaseous O3 was proposed based on three decisive active sites above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Qijun Fu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Defeng Xing
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yuting Bai
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
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5
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Guan Y, Zhou Y, Wang S, Zou R, Zhang J, Fan X, Jiao Y. Structured cobalt–manganese oxides on SiC nano-whisker modified SiC foams for catalytic combustion of toluene. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Ma J, Cao R, Dang Y, Wang J. A recent progress of room–temperature airborne ozone decomposition catalysts. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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7
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Encapsulate α-MnO 2 nanofiber within graphene layer to tune surface electronic structure for efficient ozone decomposition. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4152. [PMID: 34230482 PMCID: PMC8260790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Major challenges encountered when developing manganese-based materials for ozone decomposition are related to the low stability and water inactivation. To solve these problems, a hierarchical structure consisted of graphene encapsulating α-MnO2 nanofiber was developed. The optimized catalyst exhibited a stable ozone conversion efficiency of 80% and excellent stability over 100 h under a relative humidity (RH) of 20%. Even though the RH increased to 50%, the ozone conversion also reached 70%, well beyond the performance of α-MnO2 nanofiber. Here, surface graphite carbon was activated by capturing the electron from inner unsaturated Mn atoms. The excellent stability originated from the moderate local work function, which compromised the reaction barriers in the adsorption of ozone molecule and the desorption of the intermediate oxygen species. The hydrophobic graphene shells hindered the chemisorption of water vapour, consequently enhanced its water resistance. This work offered insights for catalyst design and would promote the practical application of manganese-based catalysts in ozone decomposition. Ozone is a major air pollutant, but its elimination is challenging. Here the authors encapsulate defective α-MnO2 nanofiber within ultrathin graphene shells to construct a hierarchical MnO2@graphene catalyst for ozone decomposition that possesses high activity and stability under humid conditions.
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8
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Wei L, Chen H, Wei Y, Jia J, Zhang R. Ce-promoted Mn/ZSM-5 catalysts for highly efficient decomposition of ozone. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 103:219-228. [PMID: 33743904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Manganese oxides supported by ZSM-5 zeolite (Mn/ZSM-5) as well as their further modified by Ce promoter were achieved by simple impregnation method for ozone catalytic decomposition. The yCe20Mn/ZSM-5-81 catalyst with 8% Ce loading showed the highest catalytic activity at relative humidity of 50% and a space velocity of 360 L/(g × hr), giving 93% conversion of 600 ppm O3 after 5 hr. Moreover, this sample still maintained highly activity and stability in humid air with 50%-70% relative humidity. Series of physicochemical characterization including X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed technology (NH3-TPD and H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and oxygen isotopic exchange were introduced to disclose the structure-performance relationship. The results indicated that moderate Si/Al ratio (81) of zeolite support was beneficial for ozone decomposition owing to the synergies of acidity and hydrophobicity. Furthermore, compared with 20Mn/ZSM-5-81, Ce doping could enhance the amount of low valance manganese (such as Mn2+ and Mn3+). Besides, the Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio of 8Ce20Mn/ZSM-5-81 sample was higher than that of 4Ce20Mn/ZSM-5-81. Additionally, the synergy between the MnOx and CeO2 could easily transfer electron via the redox cycle, thus resulting in an increased reducibility at low temperatures and high concentration of surface oxygen. This study provides important insights to the utilization of porous zeolite with high surface area to disperse active component of manganese for ozone decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jingbo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Runduo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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9
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Ozone elimination over oxygen-deficient MnOx based catalysts: Effect of different transition metal dopants. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Luo X, Su T, Xie X, Qin Z, Ji H. The Adsorption of Ozone on the Solid Catalyst Surface and the Catalytic Reaction Mechanism for Organic Components. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University 100 Daxue Rd. Nanning Guangxi P. R. China 530004
| | - Tongming Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University 100 Daxue Rd. Nanning Guangxi P. R. China 530004
| | - Xinling Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University 100 Daxue Rd. Nanning Guangxi P. R. China 530004
| | - Zuzeng Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University 100 Daxue Rd. Nanning Guangxi P. R. China 530004
| | - Hongbing Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University 100 Daxue Rd. Nanning Guangxi P. R. China 530004
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University 135 Xingang Xi Rd. Guangzhou P. R. China 510275
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11
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Li X, Ma J, He H. Recent advances in catalytic decomposition of ozone. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 94:14-31. [PMID: 32563478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3), as a harmful air pollutant, has been of wide concern. Safe, efficient, and economical O3 removal methods urgently need to be developed. Catalytic decomposition is the most promising method for O3 removal, especially at room temperature or even subzero temperatures. Great efforts have been made to develop high-efficiency catalysts for O3 decomposition that can operate at low temperatures, high space velocity and high humidity. First, this review describes the general reaction mechanism of O3 decomposition on noble metal and transition metal oxide catalysts. Then, progress on the O3 decomposition performance of various catalysts in the past 30 years is summarized in detail. The main focus is the O3 decomposition performance of manganese oxides, which are divided into supported manganese oxides and non-supported manganese oxides. Methods to improve the activity, stability, and humidity resistance of manganese oxide catalysts for O3 decomposition are also summarized. The deactivation mechanisms of manganese oxides under dry and humid conditions are discussed. The O3 decomposition performance of monolithic catalysts is also summarized from the perspective of industrial applications. Finally, the future development directions and prospects of O3 catalytic decomposition technology are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Li Y, Li D, Fan S, Yang T, Zhou Q. Facile template synthesis of dumbbell-like Mn2O3 with oxygen vacancies for efficient degradation of organic pollutants by activating peroxymonosulfate. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01849b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel dumbbell-like Mn2O3 microstructure prepared under mild conditions was used as a catalyst to PMS activation for RhB degradation. In the Mn2O3/PMS system, the reactive oxygen species were revealed in the degradation process by PMS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
| | - Didi Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
| | - Shisuo Fan
- School of Resources and Environment
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei 230036
- China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Minzu University of China
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Qi Zhou
- College of chemistry and chemical engineering
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
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13
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Yang L, Ma J, Li X, Zhang C, He H. Enhancing Oxygen Vacancies of Ce-OMS-2 via Optimized Hydrothermal Conditions to Improve Catalytic Ozone Decomposition. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Environmental Protection Materials and Equipment of Jiangxi Province, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Changbin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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