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Gautam M, Nkurunziza F, Mulvehill MC, Uttarwar SS, Hofsommer DT, Grapperhaus CA, Spurgeon JM. Two-Membrane Dual Non-Aqueous/Aqueous Electrolyte Flow Cell Operation for Electrochemical Conversion of CO 2 to Methyl Formate. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301337. [PMID: 37931228 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, tandem cathodic reactions have been demonstrated in non-aqueous solvents to couple CO2 reduction to a secondary reaction to create novel species that are not produced in aqueous CO2 electrolysis. One reaction that can be performed with high selectivity and durability is the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to formic acid and in-situ esterification with methanol to produce methyl formate. However, the translation to a high-performance flow electrolyzer is far from trivial, as the non-aqueous catholyte leads to reactor challenges including flooding the gas diffusion electrode. Here, a two-membrane flow electrolyzer with both anion and cation exchange membranes was used with flowing methanol catholyte and aqueous anolyte. This design prevented methanol from flooding the cathode, which was a pervasive limiting issue for electrolyzers with a single membrane. Methyl formate production at 42.9 % faradaic efficiency was achieved with pure methanol in a flow electrolyzer with stable performance beyond 80 min. However, low-water-content catholyte compositions also led to increased cell resistance and lower operating current densities. Thus, with the present ionomer materials there is a tradeoff between methyl formate selectivity and current density depending on water concentration, highlighting a need for new ionomers tailored for desirable non-aqueous solvents such as methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Gautam
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Francois Nkurunziza
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Matthew C Mulvehill
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Sandesh S Uttarwar
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Dillon T Hofsommer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, 40292, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Craig A Grapperhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, 40292, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Joshua M Spurgeon
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
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Optimization of carbon nanotube growth via response surface methodology for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over Fe/CNT catalyst. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Hofsommer DT, Liang Y, Uttarwar SS, Gautam M, Pishgar S, Gulati S, Grapperhaus CA, Spurgeon JM. The pH and Potential Dependence of Pb-Catalyzed Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction to Methyl Formate in a Dual Methanol/Water Electrolyte. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102289. [PMID: 34979055 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of waste CO2 to value-added chemicals through electrochemical reduction is a promising technology for mitigating climate change while simultaneously providing economic opportunities. The use of non-aqueous solvents like methanol allows for higher CO2 availability and novel products. In this work, the electrochemistry of CO2 reduction in acidic methanol catholyte at a Pb working electrode was investigated while using a separate aqueous anolyte to promote a sustainable water oxidation half-reaction. The selectivity among methyl formate (a product unique to reduction of CO2 in methanol), formic acid, and formate was critically dependent on the catholyte pH, with higher pH conditions leading to formate and low pH favoring methyl formate. The potential dependence of the product distribution in acidic catholyte was also investigated, with a faradaic efficiency for methyl formate as high as 75 % measured at -2.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon T Hofsommer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Sandesh S Uttarwar
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Manu Gautam
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Sahar Pishgar
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Saumya Gulati
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Craig A Grapperhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Joshua M Spurgeon
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
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Karroum H, Chenakin S, Alekseev S, Iablokov V, Xiang Y, Dubois V, Kruse N. Terminal Amines, Nitriles, and Olefins through Catalytic CO Hydrogenation in the Presence of Ammonia. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Karroum
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Wegner Hall 155, P.O. Box 646515, Pullman, Washington 99164-6515, United States
| | - Sergey Chenakin
- G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of the N.A.S. of Ukraine, 36 Akad. Vernadsky Blvd., Kyiv 03142, Ukraine
| | - Sergei Alekseev
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Wegner Hall 155, P.O. Box 646515, Pullman, Washington 99164-6515, United States
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Viacheslav Iablokov
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Wegner Hall 155, P.O. Box 646515, Pullman, Washington 99164-6515, United States
| | - Yizhi Xiang
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Vincent Dubois
- Physical Chemistry and Catalysis, Labiris, Avenue Emile Gryzon 1, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Norbert Kruse
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Wegner Hall 155, P.O. Box 646515, Pullman, Washington 99164-6515, United States
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99332, United States
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Abstract
Nowadays, the reforming of natural gas is the most common of hydrogen or syngas generation process. Each reforming process leads to the achievement of specific goals and benefits related to investment costs. The disadvantage of the reforming process is the need to preclean it mostly from the sulfur and nitrogen compounds. The solution to this problem may be liquefied natural gas (LNG). Liquefied natural gas has recently been seen as an energy source and may be a promising replacement for natural gas. The constant development of the pipeline network, safe transport and a lot of advantages of LNG were contributed to the research development related to the usage of LNG in energy generation technologies. The presented review is a literature discussion on the processing of methane used to produce hydrogen with particular emphasis on the processes of oxy-steam reforming of natural or liquefied natural gas (OSR-LNG). In addition, a key consideration in this article includes Ni catalyst systems used in the oxy-steam reforming of methane or LNG reactions. An analysis of the OSR process conditions, the type of catalyst and the OSR of the methane reaction mechanism may contribute to the development of a modern, cheap catalyst system, which is characterized by high activity and stability in the oxy-steam reforming of natural gas or LNG (OSR-LNG).
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Raub A, Karroum H, Athariboroujeny M, Kruse N. Chemical Transient Kinetics in Studies of the Fischer–Tropsch Reaction and Beyond. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03294-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li Z, Yao N, Cen J, Li X, Zhong L, Sun Y, He M. Effects of alkali metal promoters on the structure–performance relationship of CoMn catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02441g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alkali metal promoters are beneficial for the formation and facet-stabilization of Co2C nanoprisms for the FTO reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjia Li
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Nan Yao
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Jie Cen
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Xiaonian Li
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Liangshu Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Conversion Science & Engineering
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201210
- PR China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Conversion Science & Engineering
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201210
- PR China
| | - Mingyuan He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- PR China
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