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Nidhi HV, Koppad VS, Babu AM, Varghese A. Properties, Synthesis and Emerging Applications of Graphdiyne: A Journey Through Recent Advancements. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:19. [PMID: 38762848 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Graphdiyne (GDY) is a new variant of nano-carbon material with excellent chemical, physical and electronic properties. It has attracted wide attention from researchers and industrialists for its extensive role in the fields of optics, electronics, bio-medics and energy. The unique arrangement of sp-sp2 carbon atoms, linear acetylenic linkages, uniform pores and highly conjugated structure offer numerous potentials for further exploration of GDY materials. However, since the material is at its infancy, not much understanding is available regarding its properties, growth mechanism and future applications. Therefore, in this review, readers are guided through a brief discussion on GDY's properties, different synthesis procedures with a special focus on surface functionalization and a list of applications for GDY. The review also critically analyses the advantages and disadvantages of each synthesis route and emphasizes the future scope of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Nidhi
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Vinayaka S Koppad
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Ann Mariella Babu
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Anitha Varghese
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India.
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Hayat A, Sohail M, Moussa SB, Al-Muhanna MK, Iqbal W, Ajmal Z, Raza S, Al-Hadeethi Y, Orooji Y. State, synthesis, perspective applications, and challenges of Graphdiyne and its analogues: A review of recent research. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 319:102969. [PMID: 37598456 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon materials technology provides the possibility of synthesizing low-cost, outstanding performance replacements to noble-metal catalysts for long-term use. Graphdiyne (GDY) is a carbon allotrope with an extremely thin atomic thickness. It consists of carbon elements, that are hybridized with both sp. and sp2, resulting in a multilayered two-dimensional (2D) configuration. Several functional models suggest, that GDY contains spontaneously existing band structure with Dirac poles. This is due to the non-uniform interaction among carbon atoms, which results from various fusions and overlapping of the 2pz subshell. Unlike other carbon allotropes, GDY has Dirac cone arrangements, that in turn give it inimitable physiochemical characteristics. These properties include an adjustable intrinsic energy gap, high speeds charging transport modulation efficiency, and exceptional conductance. Many scientists are interested in such novel, linear, stacked materials, including GDY. As a result, organized synthesis of GDY has been pursued, making it one of the first synthesized GDY materials. There are several methods to manipulate the band structure of GDY, including applying stresses, introducing boron/nitrogen loading, utilizing nanowires, and hydrogenations. The flexibility of GDY can be effectively demonstrated through the formation of nano walls, nanostructures, nanotube patterns, nanorods, or structured striped clusters. GDY, being a carbon material, has a wide range of applications owing to its remarkable structural and electrical characteristics. According to subsequent research, the GDY can be utilized in numerous energy generation processes, such as electrochemical water splitting (ECWS), photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC WS), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), overall water splitting (OWS), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), energy storage materials, lithium-Ion batteries (LiBs) and solar cell applications. These studies suggested that the use of GDY holds significant potential for the development and implementation of efficient, multimodal, and intelligent catalysts with realistic applications. However, the limitation of GDY and GDY-based composites for forthcoming studies are similarly acknowledged. The objective of these studies is to deliver a comprehensive knowledge of GDY and inspire further advancement and utilization of these unique carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Hayat
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China; College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Sana Ben Moussa
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Mohail Asser, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhanna K Al-Muhanna
- The Material Science Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem Iqbal
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche (CTC), Università della Calabria, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Zeeshan Ajmal
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Saleem Raza
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China; College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yas Al-Hadeethi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Lithography in Devices Fabrication and Development Research Group, Deanship of Scientific research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasin Orooji
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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Ali Asgar M, Kim J, Lee S, Van Tran C, Refatul Haq M, In JB, Kim SM. Fabrication of 3D-interconnected microporous carbon decorated with microspheres for highly efficient hydrogen evolution reactions. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Guo F, Li W, Liu Y, Chen Q, Zhong Q. Heterogeneous Fe-Doped NiCoP-MoO 3 Efficient Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1042-1050. [PMID: 36625757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal phosphides with excellent performance are one of the effective alternatives to noble metal catalysts in overall water splitting. In this paper, the Fe-NiCoP-MoO3 composite was prepared by a facile synthesis as the bifunctional electrocatalyst. Fe-NiCoP-MoO3 achieves an operating current density of 10 mA/cm2 at a low overpotential of 65 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction and drives an operating current density of 50 mA/cm2 at only 293 mV for oxygen evolution reaction. Significantly, Fe-NiCoP-MoO3 was employed as the anode and cathode for overall water splitting, which only requires a cell voltage of 1.586 V to reach 10 mA/cm2 as well as shows excellent stability. The electrocatalytic activity of Fe-NiCoP-MoO3 exceeds most of the recently reported typical bifunctional electrocatalysts. This may be due to the coupling effect between the polymetallic phosphides. In addition, heterogeneous catalysts generally expose more active sites than homogeneous catalysts. In addition, replacing MoO3 with WO3 and VO3 can also improve the performance of Fe-NiCoP. This work provides an idea for the modification of phosphides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengye Guo
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefan Liu
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqiao Chen
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhong
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
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Cao J, Fu Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Zheng Y, Pan J, Li C. Hierarchical structure of amorphous Co–P nanosheets decorated crystalline NiCo2S4 nanorods as a bifunctional catalyst for electrocatalytic water splitting. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2023.123877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Chen X, Jiang X, Yang N. Graphdiyne Electrochemistry: Progress and Perspectives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201135. [PMID: 35429089 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphdiyne, a carbon allotrope, was synthesized in 2010 for the first time. It consists of two acetylene bonds between adjacent benzene rings. Graphdiyne and its composites thus exhibit ultrahigh intrinsic electrochemical activities. As "star" electrode materials, they have been utilized for various electrochemical applications. With the aim of giving a full screen of graphdiyne electrochemistry, this review starts from the history of graphdiyne materials, followed by their structural and electrochemical features. Recent progress and achievements in the synthesis of graphdiyne materials and their composites are overviewed. Subsequently, various electrochemical applications of graphdiyne materials and their composites are summarized, covering those in the fields of electrochemical energy conversion, electrochemical energy storage, and electrochemical sensing. The perspectives of graphdiyne electrochemistry are also discussed and outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chen
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Xin Jiang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Nianjun Yang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, 57076, Siegen, Germany
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Du X, Ma G, Zhang X. Boosting alkaline water splitting and the urea electrolysis kinetic process of a Co 3O 4 nanosheet by electronic structure modulation of F, P co-doping. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4909-4918. [PMID: 35262158 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00138a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Designing non-precious metal electrocatalysts for accelerated electron transfer and richer active site exposure is necessary and challenging to achieve the versatility of electrocatalysts. In this research, a self-grown nanosheet array electrocatalyst on nickel foam with high structural stability is first rationally designed through suitable anionic doping. The combined experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the F-P-Co3O4/NF material optimizes the adsorption energy of hydrogen/water through electron coupling, and its nanosheet structure provides abundant active sites, accelerating the mass and electron transfer in the reaction process. It is worth noting that the as-developed F-P-Co3O4/NF materials exhibit outstanding catalytic activity for overpotentials of 192 and 110 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 for the oxygen evolution reaction and the hydrogen evolution reaction in 1 M KOH, respectively. More notably, an assembled F-P-Co3O4/NF//F-P-Co3O4/NF alkaline electrolytic cell requires only an ultra-low cell voltage of 1.53 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2, which is one of the best activities reported so far. Furthermore, F-P-Co3O4/NF also shows excellent performance for urea electrolysis. Theoretical calculations show that the superior activity of the F-P-Co3O4/NF catalyst is attributed to the optimal electron configuration and the lower Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption due to co-doping of P and F. The work provides an alternative solution for the preparation of electrocatalysts with high structural stability, high catalytic activity and multifunction for alkaline water splitting and urea electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangyu Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- School of Science, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
As a new member of carbon allotropes, graphdiyne (GDY) has the characteristics of being one-atom-thick with two-dimensional layers comprising sp and sp2 hybridized carbon atoms, and represents a trend in the development of carbon materials. Its unique chemical and electronic structures give GDY many unique and fascinating properties such as rich chemical bonds, highly conjugated and super-large π structures, infinitely distributed pores and high inhomogeneity of charge distribution. GDY has entered a period of rapid development, especially with the significant emergence of fundamental research and applied research achievements over the past five years. As one of the frontiers of chemistry and materials science, graphdiyne was listed in the Top 10 research areas in the 2020 Research Frontiers report and was jointly released in the Top 10 in the world by Clarivate and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The research results have shown the great potential of GDY in the applications of energy, catalysis, environmental science, electronic devices, detectors, biomedicine and therapy, etc. Scientists are eager to explore and fully reveal the new properties, discover new scientific concepts and phenomena, discover the new conversion modes and mechanisms of GDY in photoelectricity, energy, and catalysis, etc., and build the important scientific value of new conversion devices. This review covers research on the foundation and application of GDY, such as the controlled preparation of new methods of GDY and GDY-based materials, studies on new mechanisms and properties in chemistry and physics, and the foundation and applications in energy, catalysis, photoelectric and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lu Qi
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yurui Xue
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. .,Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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PANI coated NiMoOP nanoarrays as efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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In situ synthesis of a nickel boron oxide/graphdiyne hybrid for enhanced photo/electrocatalytic H2 evolution. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Li Z, Hu M, Wang P, Liu J, Yao J, Li C. Heterojunction catalyst in electrocatalytic water splitting. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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