1
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Sun Y, Tang Y, Zhou J, Guo B, Yuan F, Yao B, Yu Y, Li C. Computational design of myoglobin-based carbene transferases for monoterpene derivatization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 722:150160. [PMID: 38795453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Carbene transfer reactions have emerged as pivotal methodologies for the synthesis of complex molecular architectures. Heme protein-catalyzed carbene transfer reactions have shown promising results on model compounds. However, their limited substrate scope has hindered their application in natural product functionalization. Building upon the foundation of previously published work on a carbene transferase-myoglobin variant, this study employs computer-aided protein engineering to design myoglobin variants, using either docking or the deep learning-based LigandMPNN method. These variants were utilized as catalysts in carbene transfer reactions with a selection of monoterpene substrates featuring C-C double bonds, leading to seven target products. This cost-effective methodology broadens the substrate scope for heme protein-catalyzed reactions, thereby opening novel pathways for research in heme protein functionalities and offering fresh perspectives in the synthesis of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Sun
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488 China
| | - Yinian Tang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488 China
| | - Jing Zhou
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488 China
| | - Bingchen Guo
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488 China
| | - Feiyan Yuan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488 China.
| | - Bo Yao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488 China
| | - Yang Yu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488 China.
| | - Chun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Simões MMQ, Cavaleiro JAS, Ferreira VF. Recent Synthetic Advances on the Use of Diazo Compounds Catalyzed by Metalloporphyrins. Molecules 2023; 28:6683. [PMID: 37764459 PMCID: PMC10537418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diazo compounds are organic substances that are often used as precursors in organic synthesis like cyclization reactions, olefinations, cyclopropanations, cyclopropenations, rearrangements, and carbene or metallocarbene insertions into C-H, N-H, O-H, S-H, and Si-H bonds. Typically, reactions from diazo compounds are catalyzed by transition metals with various ligands that modulate the capacity and selectivity of the catalyst. These ligands can modify and enhance chemoselectivity in the substrate, regioselectivity and enantioselectivity by reflecting these preferences in the products. Porphyrins have been used as catalysts in several important reactions for organic synthesis and also in several medicinal applications. In the chemistry of diazo compounds, porphyrins are very efficient as catalysts when complexed with low-cost metals (e.g., Fe and Co) and, therefore, in recent years, this has been the subject of significant research. This review will summarize the advances in the studies involving the field of diazo compounds catalyzed by metalloporphyrins (M-Porph, M = Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir) in the last five years to provide a clear overview and possible opportunities for future applications. Also, at the end of this review, the properties of artificial metalloenzymes and hemoproteins as biocatalysts for a broad range of applications, namely those concerning carbene-transfer reactions, will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário M. Q. Simões
- Department of Chemistry & LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.M.Q.S.); (J.A.S.C.)
| | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- Department of Chemistry & LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.M.Q.S.); (J.A.S.C.)
| | - Vitor F. Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24241-002, RJ, Brazil
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3
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Ma C, Wang S, Sheng Y, Zhao XL, Xing D, Hu W. Synthesis and Characterization of Donor-Acceptor Iron Porphyrin Carbenes and Their Reactivities in N-H Insertion and Related Three-Component Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4934-4939. [PMID: 36811995 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Iron porphyrin carbenes (IPCs) have been extensively recognized as the reactive intermediates in various iron porphyrin-catalyzed carbene transfer reactions. While donor-acceptor diazo compounds have been frequently used for such transformations, the structures and reactivities of donor-acceptor IPCs are less explored. To date, no crystal structures of donor-acceptor IPC complexes have been reported, and therefore, the involvement of IPC intermediacy for such transformations lacks direct evidence. Here we report the synthesis and NMR characterization of several donor-acceptor IPC complexes from iron porphyrin and corresponding donor-acceptor diazo compounds. The X-ray crystal structure of an IPC complex derived from a morpholine-substituted diazo amide was obtained. The carbene transfer reactivities of those IPCs were tested by the N-H insertion reactions with aniline or morpholine as well as the three-component reaction with aniline and γ,δ-unsaturated α-keto ester based on electrophilic trapping of an ammonium ylide intermediate. Based on these results, IPCs were identified as the real intermediates for iron porphyrin-catalyzed carbene transfer reactions from donor-acceptor diazo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Ma
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yuan Sheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Dong Xing
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Roose TR, Preschel HD, Mayo Tejedor H, Roozee JC, Hamlin TA, Maes BUW, Ruijter E, Orru RVA. Iron-Catalysed Carbene Transfer to Isocyanides as a Platform for Heterocycle Synthesis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203074. [PMID: 36305372 PMCID: PMC10108253 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An iron-catalysed carbene transfer reaction of diazo compounds to isocyanides has been developed. The resulting ketenimines are trapped in situ with various bisnucleophiles to access a range of densely functionalized heterocycles (pyrimidinones, dihydropyrazolones, 1H-tetrazoles) in a one-pot process. The electron-rich Hieber anion ([Fe(CO)3 NO]- ) facilitates efficient catalytic carbene transfer from acceptor-type α-diazo carbonyl compounds to isocyanides, providing a cost-efficient and benign alternative to similar noble metal-catalysed processes. Based on DFT calculations a plausible reaction mechanism for activation of the α-diazo carbonyl carbene precursor and ketenimine formation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Roose
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences Amsterdam Institute for Molecular & Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Daniel Preschel
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences Amsterdam Institute for Molecular & Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helena Mayo Tejedor
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences Amsterdam Institute for Molecular & Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper C Roozee
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences Amsterdam Institute for Molecular & Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trevor A Hamlin
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences Amsterdam Institute for Molecular & Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Organic Synthesis Division Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences Amsterdam Institute for Molecular & Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romano V A Orru
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences Amsterdam Institute for Molecular & Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Organic Chemistry Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 KD, Geleen, The Netherlands
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5
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Sosa Alfaro V, Waheed SO, Palomino H, Knorrscheidt A, Weissenborn M, Christov CZ, Lehnert N. YfeX - A New Platform for Carbene Transferase Development with High Intrinsic Reactivity. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201474. [PMID: 35948517 PMCID: PMC9691539 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbene transfer biocatalysis has evolved from basic science to an area with vast potential for the development of new industrial processes. In this study, we show that YfeX, naturally a peroxidase, has great potential for the development of new carbene transferases, due to its high intrinsic reactivity, especially for the N-H insertion reaction of aromatic and aliphatic primary and secondary amines. YfeX shows high stability against organic solvents (methanol and DMSO), greatly improving turnover of hydrophobic substrates. Interestingly, in styrene cyclopropanation, WT YfeX naturally shows high enantioselectivity, generating the trans product with 87 % selectivity for the (R,R) enantiomer. WT YfeX also catalyzes the Si-H insertion efficiently. Steric effects in the active site were further explored using the R232A variant. Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) calculations reveal details on the mechanism of Si-H insertion. YfeX, and potentially other peroxidases, are exciting new targets for the development of improved carbene transferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sosa Alfaro
- Department of Chemistry and Department of BiophysicsUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan48109–1055United States
| | - Sodiq O. Waheed
- Department of ChemistryMichigan Technological UniversityHoughton, Michigan49931United States
| | - Hannah Palomino
- Department of Chemistry and Department of BiophysicsUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan48109–1055United States
| | - Anja Knorrscheidt
- Institute of ChemistryMartin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergKurt-Mothes-Str. 206120HalleGermany
| | - Martin Weissenborn
- Institute of ChemistryMartin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergKurt-Mothes-Str. 206120HalleGermany
| | - Christo Z. Christov
- Department of ChemistryMichigan Technological UniversityHoughton, Michigan49931United States
| | - Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry and Department of BiophysicsUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan48109–1055United States
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6
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Hemin-catalyzed controlled oxidative cyanation of secondary amine for the synthesis of α-aminonitriles and α-iminonitriles. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Fontana LA, Rigolin VH, Ribeiro MA, Barros WP, Megiatto JD. A synthetic tactic to substitute axial ligands in sterically demanding Ru(II)porphyrinates. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9971-9977. [PMID: 35708623 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01095j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a synthetic strategy that allows for the preparation of sterically encumbered heteroleptic Ru(II)porphyrinates with the desired configuration of stable/inert and weak/labile axial ligands to direct reactions between substrates to exclusively occur at the sterically encumbered face. To demonstrate the method, we describe the synthesis of a strapped-Ru(II)porphyrinate bearing a stable/inert triphenylphosphine (PPh3) bulky axial ligand coordinated exo to the central cavity and a weak/labile methanol molecule coordinated at the internal axial position. With this axial ligand configuration, the reported Ru(II)porphyrinate exclusively promotes carbene transfer reactions to olefins through the central cavity, which has been verified by the selective formation of cycloprane-linked [2]rotaxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liniquer A Fontana
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Vitor H Rigolin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Marcos A Ribeiro
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Wdeson P Barros
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Jackson D Megiatto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil.
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8
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Ospina F, Schülke KH, Hammer SC. Biocatalytic Alkylation Chemistry: Building Molecular Complexity with High Selectivity. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100454. [PMID: 34821073 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has traditionally been viewed as a field that primarily enables access to chiral centers. This includes the synthesis of chiral alcohols, amines and carbonyl compounds, often through functional group interconversion via hydrolytic or oxidation-reduction reactions. This limitation is partly being overcome by the design and evolution of new enzymes. Here, we provide an overview of a recently thriving research field that we summarize as biocatalytic alkylation chemistry. In the past 3-4 years, numerous new enzymes have been developed that catalyze sp3 C-C/N/O/S bond formations. These enzymes utilize different mechanisms to generate molecular complexity by coupling simple fragments with high activity and selectivity. In many cases, the engineered enzymes perform reactions that are difficult or impossible to achieve with current small-molecule catalysts such as organocatalysts and transition-metal complexes. This review further highlights that the design of new enzyme function is particularly successful when off-the-shelf synthetic reagents are utilized to access non-natural reactive intermediates. This underscores how biocatalysis is gradually moving to a field that build molecules through selective bond forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ospina
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kai H Schülke
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stephan C Hammer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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9
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Yang S, Chen X, Xiong M, Zhang H, Shi L, Lin D, Liu H. Copper
porphyrin‐catalyzed
C(sp
2
)
—
O bond construction via coupling phenols with formamides. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Xiao‐Yan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Ming‐Feng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, The Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Chemistry Guangdong University of Education Guangzhou China
| | - Dong‐Zi Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Foshan Fourth People's Hospital Foshan China
| | - Hai‐Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Münch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Pascal Püllmann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Martin J. Weissenborn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, MartinLuther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany
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11
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Balhara R, Chatterjee R, Jindal G. A computational approach to understand the role of metals and axial ligands in artificial heme enzyme catalyzed C-H insertion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9500-9511. [PMID: 33885085 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00412c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Engineered heme enzymes such as myoglobin and cytochrome P450s metalloproteins are gaining widespread importance due to their efficiency in catalyzing non-natural reactions. In a recent strategy, the naturally occurring Fe metal in the heme unit was replaced with non-native metals such as Ir, Rh, Co, Cu, etc., and axial ligands to generate artificial metalloenzymes. Determining the best metal-ligand for a chemical transformation is not a trivial task. Here we demonstrate how computational approaches can be used in deciding the best metal-ligand combination which would be highly beneficial in designing new enzymes as well as small molecule catalysts. We have used Density Functional Theory (DFT) to shed light on the enhanced reactivity of an Ir system with varying axial ligands. We look at the insertion of a carbene group generated from diazo precursors via N2 extrusion into a C-H bond. For both Ir(Me) and Fe systems, the first step, i.e., N2 extrusion is the rate determining step. Strikingly, neither the better ligand overlap with 5d orbitals on Ir nor the electrophilicity on the carbene centre play a significant role. A comparison of Fe and Ir systems reveals that a lower distortion in the Ir(Me)-porphyrin on moving from the reactant to the transition state renders it catalytically more active. We notice that for both metal porphyrins, the free energy barriers are affected by axial ligand substitution. Further, for Fe porphyrin, the axial ligand also changes the preferred spin state. We show that for the carbene insertion into the C-H bond, Fe porphyrin systems undergo a stepwise HAT (hydrogen atom transfer) instead of a concerted hydride transfer process. Importantly, we find that the substitution of the axial Me ligand on Ir to imidazole or chloride, or without an axial substitution changes the rate determining step of the reaction. Therefore, an optimum ligand that can balance the barriers for both steps of the catalytic cycle is essential. We subsequently used the QM cluster approach to delineate the protein environment's role and mutations in improving the catalytic activity of the Ir(Me) system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Balhara
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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12
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Belosludov RV, Nevonen DE, Nemykin VN. Accurate Prediction of the Excited States in the Fully Conjugated Porphyrin Tapes across the Full Spectral Range: A Story of the Interplay between π-π* and Intramolecular Charge-Transfer Transitions in Soft Chromophores. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2480-2491. [PMID: 33734683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) methods for the accurate prediction of the energies and oscillator strengths of the excited states in a series of fully conjugated meso-meso β-β β-β triple-linked porphyrin oligomers (porphyrin tapes 2-12) was probed in the gas phase and solution using several exchange-correlation functionals. It was demonstrated that the use of the hybrid B3LYP functional provides a good compromise for the accurate prediction of the localized π-π* and intramolecular charge-transfer transitions, thus allowing confident interpretation of the UV-vis-NIR spectra of porphyrin oligomers. The TDDFT-based sum-over-state (SOS) calculations for the porphyrin tape dimer 2 and trimer 3 as well as parent monomer 1 correctly predicted the signs and shapes of the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) signals in the low-energy region of the spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodion V Belosludov
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Dustin E Nevonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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13
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Liu Y, Chen Z, Shao Z, Guo R. Single gold nanoparticle-driven heme cofactor nanozyme as an unprecedented oxidase mimetic. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3399-3402. [PMID: 33686388 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00279a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic diversity of heme enzymes is a perpetuating pursuit for biomimetic chemistry, but heme nanozymes exhibit catalytic activity only reminiscent of peroxidases. Miraculously, the oxidase-like catalytic function of a heme cofactor is elicited with the help of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by maintaining heme with a low-valence state (ferrous) in a confined configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China.
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14
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Yu Z, Li G, Zhang J, Liu L. Iron-catalysed chemo- and ortho-selective C–H bond functionalization of phenols with α-aryl-α-diazoacetates. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00276g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel chemo- and ortho-selective C–H bond functionalization of phenols with α-aryl-α-diazoacetates catalysed by a new iron porphyrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhunzhun Yu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
- P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development
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15
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Zuo H, Qin J, Zhang W, Bashir MA, Yu Q, Zhao W, Wu G, Zhong F. Hemin-Catalyzed Oxidative Phenol-Hydrazone [3+3] Cycloaddition Enables Rapid Construction of 1,3,4-Oxadiazines. Org Lett 2020; 22:6911-6916. [PMID: 32830501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a hemin-catalyzed oxidative phenol-hydrazone [3+3] cycloaddition that accommodates a broad spectrum of N-arylhydrazones, a class of less exploited 1,3-dipoles due to their significant Lewis basicity and weak tendency to undergo 1,2-prototropy to form azomethine imines. It renders expedient assembly of diversely functionalized 1,3,4-oxadiazines with excellent atom and step economy. Preliminary mechanistic studies point to the involvement of a one-electron oxidation pathway, which likely differs from the base-promoted aerobic oxidative scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingyang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Bashir
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qile Yu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Weining Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, 3002 Lantian Road, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Guojiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fangrui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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16
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Casali E, Gallo E, Toma L. An In-Depth Computational Study of Alkene Cyclopropanation Catalyzed by Fe(porphyrin)(OCH 3) Complexes. The Environmental Effects on the Energy Barriers. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11329-11336. [PMID: 32799510 PMCID: PMC8009515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron porphyrin methoxy complexes, of the general formula [Fe(porphyrin)(OCH3)], are able to catalyze the reaction of diazo compounds with alkenes to give cyclopropane products with very high efficiency and selectivity. The overall mechanism of these reactions was thoroughly investigated with the aid of a computational approach based on density functional theory calculations. The energy profile for the processes catalyzed by the oxidized [FeIII(Por)(OCH3)] (Por = porphine) as well as the reduced [FeII(Por)(OCH3)]- forms of the iron porphyrin was determined. The main reaction step is the same in both of the cases, that is, the one leading to the terminal-carbene intermediate [Fe(Por)(OCH3)(CHCO2Et)] with simultaneous dinitrogen loss; however, the reduced species performs much better than the oxidized one. Contrarily to the iron(III) profile in which the carbene intermediate is directly obtained from the starting reactant complex, the favored iron(II) process is more intricate. The initially formed reactant adduct between [FeII(Por)(OCH3)]- and ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) is converted into a closer reactant adduct, which is in turn converted into the terminal iron porphyrin carbene [Fe(Por)(OCH3)(CHCO2Et)]-. The two corresponding transition states are almost isoenergetic, thus raising the question of whether the rate-determining step corresponds to dinitrogen loss or to the previous structural and electronic rearrangement. The ethylene addition to the terminal carbene is a downhill process, which, on the open-shell singlet surface, presents a defined but probably short-living diradicaloid intermediate, though other spin-state surfaces do not show this intermediate allowing a direct access to the cyclopropane product. For the crucial stationary points, the more complex catalyst [Fe(2)(OCH3)], in which a sterically hindered chiral bulk is mounted onto the porphyrin, was investigated. The corresponding computational data disclose the very significant effect of the porphyrin skeleton on the reaction energy profile. Though the geometrical features around the reactive core of the system remain unchanged, the energy barriers become much lower, thus revealing the profound effects that can be exerted by the three-dimensional organic scaffold surrounding the reaction site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Casali
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Emma Gallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucio Toma
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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17
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Knorrscheidt A, Püllmann P, Schell E, Homann D, Freier E, Weissenborn MJ. Identification of Novel Unspecific Peroxygenase Chimeras and Unusual YfeX Axial Heme Ligand by a Versatile High‐Throughput GC‐MS Approach. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Knorrscheidt
- Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Pascal Püllmann
- Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Eugen Schell
- Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Dominik Homann
- Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Erik Freier
- CARS Microscopy Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V. Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b 4227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Martin J. Weissenborn
- Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
- Institute of Chemisty Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
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18
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Empel C, Jana S, Koenigs RM. C-H Functionalization via Iron-Catalyzed Carbene-Transfer Reactions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040880. [PMID: 32079259 PMCID: PMC7070285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct C-H functionalization reaction is one of the most efficient strategies by which to introduce new functional groups into small organic molecules. Over time, iron complexes have emerged as versatile catalysts for carbine-transfer reactions with diazoalkanes under mild and sustainable reaction conditions. In this review, we discuss the advances that have been made using iron catalysts to perform C-H functionalization reactions with diazoalkanes. We give an overview of early examples employing stoichiometric iron carbene complexes and continue with recent advances in the C-H functionalization of C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds, concluding with the latest developments in enzymatic C-H functionalization reactions using iron-heme-containing enzymes.
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19
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Damiano C, Sonzini P, Gallo E. Iron catalysts with N-ligands for carbene transfer of diazo reagents. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4867-4905. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00221f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the catalytic activity of iron complexes of nitrogen ligands in driving carbene transfers towards CC, C–H and X–H bonds. The reactivity of diazo reagents is discussed as well as the proposed reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Sonzini
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
| | - Emma Gallo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
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20
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Liu Y, You T, Wang HX, Tang Z, Zhou CY, Che CM. Iron- and cobalt-catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions and their application in organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5310-5358. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the developments in iron and cobalt catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions with emphasis on their applications in organic synthesis, i.e. natural products and pharmaceuticals synthesis and/or modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Tingjie You
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Zhou Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
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