1
|
Saggiomo V. A 3D Printer in the Lab: Not Only a Toy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202610. [PMID: 35831252 PMCID: PMC9507339 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although 3D printers are becoming more common in households, they are still under-represented in many laboratories worldwide and regarded as toys rather than as laboratory equipment. This short review wants to change this conservative point of view. This mini-review focuses on fused deposition modeling printers and what happens after acquiring your first 3D printer. In short, these printers melt plastic filament and deposit it layer by layer to create the final object. They are getting cheaper and easier to use, and nowadays it is not difficult to find good 3D printers for less than €500. At such a price, a 3D printer is one, if not the most, versatile piece of equipment you can have in a laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Saggiomo
- Department of BioNanoTechnologyWageningen UniversityBornse Weilanden 9Wageningen6708WGThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saidulu D, Srivastava A, Gupta AK. Enhancement of wastewater treatment performance using 3D printed structures: A major focus on material composition, performance, challenges, and sustainable assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 306:114461. [PMID: 35032942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to enhance the performance and sustainability of wastewater treatment technologies, researchers are showing keen interest in the development of novel materials which can overcome the drawbacks associated with conventional materials. In this context, 3D printing gained significant attention due to its capability of fabricating complex geometrics using different material compositions. The present review focuses on recent advancements of 3D printing applications in various physicochemical and biological wastewater treatment techniques. In physicochemical treatment methods, substantial research has been aimed at fabricating feed spacers and other membrane parts, photocatalytic feed spacers, catalysts, scaffolds, monoliths, and capsules. Several advantages, such as membrane fouling mitigation, enhanced degradation efficiency, and recovery and reusability potential, have been associated with the aforementioned 3D printed materials. While in biofilm-based biological treatment methods, the use of 3D printed bio-carriers has led to enhanced mass transfer efficiency and microbial activities. Moreover, the application of these bio-carriers has shown better removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (∼90%), total nitrogen (∼73%), ammonia nitrogen (95%), and total phosphorous (∼100%). Although the removal efficiencies were comparable with conventional carriers, 3D printed carriers led to ∼40% reduction in hydraulic retention time, which could significantly save capital and operational expenditures. This review also emphasizes the challenges and sustainability aspects of 3D printing technology and outlines future recommendations which could be vital for further research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duduku Saidulu
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rosseau LR, Middelkoop V, Willemsen HA, Roghair I, van Sint Annaland M. Review on Additive Manufacturing of Catalysts and Sorbents and the Potential for Process Intensification. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.834547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing of catalyst and sorbent materials promises to unlock large design freedom in the structuring of these materials, and could be used to locally tune porosity, shape and resulting parameters throughout the reactor along both the axial and transverse coordinates. This contrasts catalyst structuring by conventional methods, which yields either very dense randomly packed beds or very open cellular structures. Different 3D-printing processes for catalytic and sorbent materials exist, and the selection of an appropriate process, taking into account compatible materials, porosity and resolution, may indeed enable unbounded options for geometries. In this review, recent efforts in the field of 3D-printing of catalyst and sorbent materials are discussed. It will be argued that these efforts, whilst promising, do not yet exploit the full potential of the technology, since most studies considered small structures that are very similar to structures that can be produced through conventional methods. In addition, these studies are mostly motivated by chemical and material considerations within the printing process, without explicitly striving for process intensification. To enable value-added application of 3D-printing in the chemical process industries, three crucial requirements for increased process intensification potential will be set out: i) the production of mechanically stable structures without binders; ii) the introduction of local variations throughout the structure; and iii) the use of multiple materials within one printed structure.
Collapse
|
4
|
Penny MR, Rao ZX, Thavarajah R, Ishaq A, Bowles BJ, Hilton ST. 3D printed tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) impregnated stirrer devices for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00218c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In a novel approach, SLA 3D-printed Pd(PPh3)4 containing stirrer beads have been used to catalyse the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction between a range of substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Penny
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Zenobia X. Rao
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | | | - Ahtsham Ishaq
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lawson S, Li X, Thakkar H, Rownaghi AA, Rezaei F. Recent Advances in 3D Printing of Structured Materials for Adsorption and Catalysis Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6246-6291. [PMID: 33947187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Porous solids in the form of adsorbents and catalysts play a crucial role in various industrially important chemical, energy, and environmental processes. Formulating them into structured configurations is a key step toward their scale up and successful implementation at the industrial level. Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has emerged as an invaluable platform for shape engineering porous solids and fabricating scalable configurations for use in a wide variety of separation and reaction applications. However, formulating porous materials into self-standing configurations can dramatically affect their performance and consequently the efficiency of the process wherein they operate. Toward this end, various research groups around the world have investigated the formulation of porous adsorbents and catalysts into structured scaffolds with complex geometries that not only exhibit comparable or improved performance to that of their powder parents but also address the pressure drop and attrition issues of traditional configurations. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the recent advances and current challenges in the field of adsorption and catalysis to better guide the future directions in shape engineering solid materials with a better control on composition, structure, and properties of 3D-printed adsorbents and catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane Lawson
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230, United States
| | - Harshul Thakkar
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230, United States
| | - Ali A Rownaghi
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230, United States
| | - Fateme Rezaei
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1230, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Puig J, de Castro Alves L, García Acevedo P, Arnosa Prieto A, Yáñez Vilar S, Teijeiro-Valiño C, Piñeiro Y, Hoppe CE, Rivas J. Controlling the structure and photocatalytic properties of three—dimensional aerogels obtained by simultaneous reduction and self-assembly of BiOI/GO aqueous colloidal dispersions. NANO EXPRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abfd8b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Water pollution affects all living habitats, since it is the most basic element that sustains all life forms and, as an exceptional solvent, it readily makes any compound available for living cells, either nutrients or noxious substances. Elimination of molecular contaminants from water quality is one of the most challenging technical problems that conventional treatments like flocculation and filtration fail short to defeat. Particulate photocatalysts, used to degrade contaminants, have the main drawback of their recovery from the water matrices. The inclusion of photocatalytic nanoparticles (NPs) into a large supporting framework, is presented as an innovative approach aiming to ensure a facile separation from water. To this end, three-dimensional (3D) aerogels with photocatalytic properties were prepared by a simple and scalable method based on the reduction—induced self-assembly of graphene oxide (GO) in the presence of BiOI nanoparticles. With the help of ascorbic acid, as a green reducing agent, partial reduction of GO into reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and self-assembly of both kinds of nanostructures into a porous monolith was achieved. BiOI doped RGO aerogels were further stabilized and morphologically controlled using poly (ethylene glycol) as stabilizer. The photocatalytic performance of these aerogels was evaluated by following the discoloration of methylene blue (MB) solution, under visible light irradiation, showing that structure and dispersion degree of NPs to be fundamental variables. Hence, this methodology is proposed to produce hybrid aerogels with controlled morphology and photocatalytic performance that has the potential to be used in water cleaning procedures.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chaparro-Garnica CY, Jordá-Faus P, Bailón-García E, Ocampo-Pérez R, Aguilar-Madera CG, Davó-Quiñonero A, Lozano-Castelló D, Bueno-López A. Customizable Heterogeneous Catalysts: Nonchanneled Advanced Monolithic Supports Manufactured by 3D-Printing for Improved Active Phase Coating Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54573-54584. [PMID: 33256401 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D)-printed catalysts are being increasingly studied; however, most of these studies focus on the obtention of catalytically active monoliths, and thus traditional channeled monolithic catalysts are usually obtained and tested, losing sight of the advantages that 3D-printing could entail. This work goes one step further, and an advanced monolith with specifically designed geometry has been obtained, taking advantage of the versatility provided by 3D-printing. As a proof of concept, nonchanneled advanced monolithic (NCM) support, composed of several transversal discs containing deposits for active phase deposition and slits through which the gas circulates, was obtained and tested in the CO-PrOx reaction. The results evidenced that the NCM support showed superior catalytic performance compared to conventional channeled monoliths (CMs). The region of temperature in which the active phase can work under chemical control, and thus in a more efficient way, is increased by 31% in NCM compared to the powdered or the CM sample. Turbulence occurs inside the fluid path through the NCM, which enhances the mass transfer of reagents and products toward and from the active sites to the fluid bulk favoring the chemical reaction rate. The nonchanneled monolith also improved heat dispersion by the tortuous paths, reducing the local temperature at the active site. Thus, the way in which reactants and products are transported inside the monoliths plays a crucial role, and this is affected by the inner geometry of the monoliths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Y Chaparro-Garnica
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E03080 Alicante, España
| | - Pepe Jordá-Faus
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E03080 Alicante, España
| | - Esther Bailón-García
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E03080 Alicante, España
| | - Raúl Ocampo-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, 78210 San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Carlos G Aguilar-Madera
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Carretera a Cerro Prieto Km 8, Ex-Hacienda de Guadalupe, 67700 Linares, México
| | - Arantxa Davó-Quiñonero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E03080 Alicante, España
| | - Dolores Lozano-Castelló
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E03080 Alicante, España
| | - Agustín Bueno-López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E03080 Alicante, España
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wei Q, Li H, Liu G, He Y, Wang Y, Tan YE, Wang D, Peng X, Yang G, Tsubaki N. Metal 3D printing technology for functional integration of catalytic system. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4098. [PMID: 32796863 PMCID: PMC7428005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical properties and geometries of printed products have been extensively studied in metal 3D printing. However, chemical properties and catalytic functions, introduced by metal 3D printing itself, are rarely mentioned. Here we show that metal 3D printing products themselves can simultaneously serve as chemical reactors and catalysts (denoted as self-catalytic reactor or SCR) for direct conversion of C1 molecules (including CO, CO2 and CH4) into high value-added chemicals. The Fe-SCR and Co-SCR successfully catalyze synthesis of liquid fuel from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and CO2 hydrogenation; the Ni-SCR efficiently produces syngas (CO/H2) by CO2 reforming of CH4. Further, the Co-SCR geometrical studies indicate that metal 3D printing itself can establish multiple control functions to tune the catalytic product distribution. The present work provides a simple and low-cost manufacturing method to realize functional integration of catalyst and reactor, and will facilitate the developments of chemical synthesis and 3D printing technology. Metal 3D printing is a very promising technology to revolutionize catalytic systems. Here the authors show that metal 3D printing products themselves can simultaneously serve as chemical reactors and catalysts for conversion of C1 molecules into high value-added chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinhong Wei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Technology and Energy Engineering, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Hangjie Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Guoguo Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yingluo He
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yen Ee Tan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Ding Wang
- School of Material Science & Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Xiaobo Peng
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan. .,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Guohui Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan. .,State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Noritatsu Tsubaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|