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Gao H, Miao Y, Sun W, Zhao R, Xiao X, Hua Y, Jia S, Wang M, Mei G. Diversity-Oriented Catalytic Asymmetric Dearomatization of Indoles with o-Quinone Diimides. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2305101. [PMID: 37870177 PMCID: PMC10724437 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the first diversity-oriented catalytic asymmetric dearomatization of indoles with o-quinone diimides (o-QDIs) is reported. The catalytic asymmetric dearomatization (CADA) of indoles is one of the research focuses in terms of the structural and biological importance of dearomatized indole derivatives. Although great achievements have been made in target-oriented CADA reactions, diversity-oriented CADA reactions are regarded as more challenging and remain elusive due to the lack of synthons featuring multiple reaction sites and the difficulty in precise control of chemo-, regio-, and enantio-selectivity. In this work, o-QDIs are employed as a versatile building block, enabling the chemo-divergent dearomative arylation and [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of indoles. Under the catalysis of chiral phosphoric acid and mild conditions, various indolenines, furoindolines/pyrroloindolines, and six-membered-ring fused indolines are collectively prepared in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities. This diversity-oriented synthesis protocol enriches the o-quinone chemistry and offers new opportunities for CADA reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao‐Jie Gao
- College of ChemistryPingyuan LaboratoryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Yu‐Hang Miao
- College of ChemistryPingyuan LaboratoryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Wen‐Na Sun
- College of ChemistryPingyuan LaboratoryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of ChemistryPingyuan LaboratoryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014China
| | - Yuan‐Zhao Hua
- College of ChemistryPingyuan LaboratoryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Shi‐Kun Jia
- College of ChemistryPingyuan LaboratoryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Min‐Can Wang
- College of ChemistryPingyuan LaboratoryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Guang‐Jian Mei
- College of ChemistryPingyuan LaboratoryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
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2
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Aoun AR, Mupparapu N, Nguyen DN, Kim TH, Nguyen CM, Pan Z, Elshahawi SI. Structure-guided Mutagenesis Reveals the Catalytic Residue that Controls the Regiospecificity of C6-Indole Prenyltransferases. ChemCatChem 2023; 15:e202300423. [PMID: 37366495 PMCID: PMC10292028 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202300423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Indole is a significant structural moiety and functionalization of the C-H bond in indole-containing molecules expands their chemical space, and modifies their properties and/or activities. Indole prenyltransferases (IPTs) catalyze the direct regiospecific installation of prenyl, C5 carbon units, on indole-derived compounds. IPTs have shown relaxed substrate flexibility enabling them to be used as tools for indole functionalization. However, the mechanism by which certain IPTs target a specific carbon position is not fully understood. Herein, we use structure-guided site-directed mutagenesis, in vitro enzymatic reactions, kinetics and structural-elucidation of analogs to verify the key catalytic residues that control the regiospecificity of all characterized regiospecific C6 IPTs. Our results also demonstrate that substitution of PriB_His312 to Tyr leads to the synthesis of analogs prenylated at different positions than C6. This work contributes to understanding of how certain IPTs can access a challenging position in indole-derived compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Aoun
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618
| | - Nagaraju Mupparapu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618
| | - Diem N Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618
| | - Christopher M Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618
| | - Zhengfeiyue Pan
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618
| | - Sherif I Elshahawi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618
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3
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Adris D, Taskesenligil Y, Akyildiz V, Essiz S, Saracoglu N. Solvent-Mediated Tunable Regiodivergent C6- and N1-Alkylations of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles with p-Quinone Methides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3132-3147. [PMID: 36779866 PMCID: PMC9990074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Indium-catalyzed, solvent-enabled regioselective C6- or N1-alkylations of 2,3-disubstituted indoles with para-quinone methides are developed under mild conditions. Notably, highly selective and switchable alkylations were selectively achieved by adjusting the reaction conditions. Moreover, scalability and further transformations of the alkylation products are demonstrated, and this operationally simple methodology is amenable to the late-stage C6-functionalization of the indomethacin drug. The reaction pathways were explained with the support of experimental and density functional theory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douaa Adris
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Yunus Taskesenligil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Volkan Akyildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Selcuk Essiz
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Hakkari University, Hakkari 30000, Türkiye
| | - Nurullah Saracoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
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Zhang YY, Li L, Zhang XZ, Peng JB. Brønsted acid catalyzed remote C6 functionalization of 2,3-disubstituted indoles with β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoester. Front Chem 2022; 10:992398. [PMID: 36176896 PMCID: PMC9513241 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.992398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A metal-free catalytic approach for the remote C6-functionalization of 2,3-disubstituted indoles has been developed. In the presence of catalytic amounts of Brønsted acid, the β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters react with 2,3-disubstituted indoles at the C6 position selectively. Under mild reaction conditions, a range of C6-functionalized indoles were prepared with good yields and excellent regioselectivity. This methodology provides a concise and efficient route for the synthesis of C6-functionalized indole derivatives.
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Wang XW, Huang WJ, Wang H, Wu B, Zhou YG. Chiral-Phosphoric-Acid-Catalyzed C6-Selective Pictet-Spengler Reactions for Construction of Polycyclic Indoles Containing Spiro Quaternary Stereocenters. Org Lett 2022; 24:1727-1731. [PMID: 35199528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Compared with the well-established asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reactions on the pyrrole ring of indoles, the catalytic asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction on the benzene ring of indoles has been rarely studied. Herein the C6-selective Pictet-Spengler reactions of indoles have been realized by employing 2-(1H-indol-7-yl)anilines and isatins in the presence of chiral phosphoric acid, affording novel polycyclic indole derivatives bearing spiro quaternary stereocenters in excellent yields with excellent enantioselectivities. This reaction could be conducted on the gram scale without any loss of activity or enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China.,Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China.,Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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Huang W, Chen Z, Li‐Xia L, Zhou Y, Bo W, Jiang G. A Facile Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3‐
j
]phenanthridines
via
the Cascade Reaction of Indoleanilines and Aldehydes. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Jun Huang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineer Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Zhi‐Peng Chen
- Advanced Catalytic Engineer Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
| | - Liu Li‐Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Yong‐Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Wu Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Guo‐Fang Jiang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineer Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha China
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Pan HP, Zhu ZQ, Qiu ZW, Liu HF, Ma JD, Li BQ, Feng N, Ma AJ, Peng JB, Zhang XZ. Dearomatization of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles via 1,8-Addition of Propargylic (Aza)- para-Quinone Methides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16518-16534. [PMID: 34714074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dearomatization of indole is a useful strategy to access indolimines: a motif widely exists in biologically active molecules and natural products. Herein, an efficient method for the dearomatization of 2,3-disubstituted indoles to generate diverse indolimines with tetrasubstituted allenes is described. This work accomplishes dearomatization of 2,3-disubstituted indoles through 1,8-addition of (aza)-para-quinone methides, which are generated in situ from propargylic alcohols. A series of synthetically useful indolimines containing quaternary carbon centers and tetrasubstituted allenes can be accessed in good yields (up to 99%). Additionally, the separability of product isomers, diversified product transformations, and easy scale-up of the reaction demonstrate the potential application of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Peng Pan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Wang Qiu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Fu Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Jiong-Dong Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Bao Qiong Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Na Feng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Jun Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Bao Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Zhi Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
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Huang WJ, Ma YY, Liu LX, Wu B, Jiang GF, Zhou YG. Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed C6 Functionalization of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles for Synthesis of Heterotriarylmethanes. Org Lett 2021; 23:2393-2398. [PMID: 33734717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The direct regio- and enantioselective C6 functionalization of 2,3-disubstituted indoles with azadienes has been developed using chiral phosphoric acid as catalyst, providing a convenient approach to synthesize the optically active heterotriarylmethanes with excellent yields, broad substrate scope, and up to 98% ee. Mechanistic studies revealed that N-alkylation of 2,3-disubstituted indoles with azadienes would be reversible, and enantioselective C6 functionalization could be enabled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Huang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineer Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Ya-Ya Ma
- Advanced Catalytic Engineer Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Guo-Fang Jiang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineer Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
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