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Sur A, Simmons JD, Ezazi AA, Korman KJ, Sarkar S, Iverson ET, Bloch ED, Powers DC. Unlocking Solid-State Organometallic Photochemistry with Optically Transparent, Porous Salt Thin Films. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25068-25073. [PMID: 37939007 PMCID: PMC10863064 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic porous materials continue to garner attention as platforms for solid-state chemistry and as designer heterogeneous catalysts. Applications in photochemistry and photocatalysis, however, are plagued by poor light harvesting efficiency due to light scattering resulting from sample microcrystallinity and poor optical penetration that arises from inner filter effects. Here we demonstrate the layer-by-layer growth of optically transparent, photochemically active thin films of porous salts. Films are grown by sequential deposition of cationic Zr-based porous coordination cages and anionic Mn porphyrins. Photolysis facilitates the efficient reduction of Mn(III) sites to Mn(II) sites, which can be observed in real-time by transmission UV-vis spectroscopy. Film porosity enables substrate access to the Mn(II) sites and facilitates reversible O2 activation in the solid state. These results establish optically transparent, porous salt thin films as versatile platforms for solid-state photochemistry and in operando spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishanee Sur
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Joe D. Simmons
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Andrew A. Ezazi
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kyle J. Korman
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Subham Sarkar
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ethan T. Iverson
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Eric D. Bloch
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - David C. Powers
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Kim H, Kim H, Kim K, Lee E. Construction of Stable Metal-Organic Framework Platforms Embedding N-Heterocyclic Carbene Metal Complexes for Selective Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18687-18697. [PMID: 34878260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a bottom-up approach to immobilize catalysts into MOFs, including copper halides and gold chloride in a predictable manner. Interestingly, the structures of MOFs bearing NHC metal complexes maintained a similar 4-fold interpenetrated cube. They exhibited exceptionally high porosity despite the interpenetrated structure and showed good stability in various solvents. Moreover, these MOFs possess high size activity depending on the size of the substrates in various reactions, compared to homogeneous catalysis. Also, the high catalytic activity of MOFs can be preserved 4 times without significant loss of crystallinity. Incorporation of the various metal complexes into MOFs allows for the preparation of functional MOFs for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunyong Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.,Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.,Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Salvador FE, Miller V, Shimada K, Wang CH, Wright J, Das M, Chen YP, Chen YS, Sheehan C, Xu W, Rubasinghege G, Gao WY. Mechanochemistry of Group 4 Element-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16079-16084. [PMID: 34647742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemical synthesis is emerging as an environmentally friendly yet efficient approach to preparing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Herein, we report our systematic investigation on the mechanochemical syntheses of Group 4 element-based MOFs. The developed mechanochemistry allows us to synthesize a family of Hf4O4(OH)4(OOC)12-based MOFs. Integrating [Zr6O4(OH)4(OAc)12]2 and [Hf6O4(OH)4(OAc)12]2 under the mechanochemical conditions leads to a unique family of cluster-precise multimetallic MOFs that cannot be accessed by the conventional solvothermal synthesis. Extensive efforts have not yielded an effective pathway for preparing TiIV-derived MOFs, tentatively because of the relatively low Ti-O bond dissociation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fillipp Edvard Salvador
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Vance Miller
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Kaoru Shimada
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Chen-Hao Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Joshua Wright
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Milton Das
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Ying-Pin Chen
- National Science Foundation (NSF)'s ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- National Science Foundation (NSF)'s ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chris Sheehan
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Wenqian Xu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gayan Rubasinghege
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Wen-Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
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Bien CE, Cai Z, Wade CR. Using Postsynthetic X-Type Ligand Exchange to Enhance CO 2 Adsorption in Metal-Organic Frameworks with Kuratowski-Type Building Units. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11784-11794. [PMID: 34185507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Postsynthetic modification methods have emerged as indispensable tools for tuning the properties and reactivity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). In particular, postsynthetic X-type ligand exchange (PXLE) at metal building units has gained increasing attention as a means of immobilizing guest species, modulating the reactivity of framework metal ions, and introducing new functional groups. The reaction of a Zn-OH functionalized analogue of CFA-1 (1-OH, Zn(ZnOH)4(bibta)3, where bibta2- = 5,5'-bibenzotriazolate) with organic substrates containing mildly acidic E-H groups (E = C, O, N) results in the formation of Zn-E species and water as a byproduct. This Brønsted acid-base PXLE reaction is compatible with substrates with pKa(DMSO) values as high as 30 and offers a rapid and convenient means of introducing new functional groups at Kuratwoski-type metal nodes. Gas adsorption and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy experiments reveal that the anilide-exchanged MOFs 1-NHPh0.9 and 1-NHPh2.5 exhibit enhanced low-pressure CO2 adsorption compared to 1-OH as a result of a Zn-NHPh + CO2 ⇌ Zn-O2CNHPh chemisorption mechanism. The MFU-4l analogue 2-NHPh ([Zn5(OH)2.1(NHPh)1.9(btdd)3], where btdd2- = bis(1,2,3-triazolo)dibenzodioxin), shows a similar improvement in CO2 adsorption in comparison to the parent MOF containing only Zn-OH groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Bien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Zhongzheng Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Casey R Wade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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