1
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Lyu MY, Jacobo SA, Brown MK. Diverse Synthesis of C-Glycosides by Stereoselective Ni-Catalyzed Carboboration of Glycals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18866-18872. [PMID: 38967118 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
C-Glycosides are important structures that are common to natural products and pharmaceutical agents. Established methods for their synthesis involve the reaction of an activated anomeric carbon. In this study, we report a conceptually new approach that involves the stereoselective Ni-catalyzed carboboration of glycals. In these reactions, not only is a C-C bond formed at the anomeric carbon, but a synthetically useful C-B bond is also installed. Upon C-B oxidation, differentially protected C-glycosides to be formed. In addition, stereospecific manipulation of the C-B bond leads to diverse C-glycosides. Finally, we report the application of this method in the synthesis of established C-glycosides, such as C-glycosyl amino acids, as well as a strategy to make all possible diastereomers at C1 and C2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Yun Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Samuel A Jacobo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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2
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Das P, Thakur R. NFSI mediated C3-ether oxidation of glycals for the synthesis of hex-3-enuloses. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109032. [PMID: 38219634 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Hex-3-enuloses constitute a vital carbohydrate synthetic intermediate that provide access to wide range of chiral molecules through diverse derivatizations. Herein we report synthesis of these fascinating scaffolds by oxidation of C3-ether protections on glycals in presence of N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) under Cu(I) catalysed conditions. Benzyl, methyl and silyl ethers have been efficiently oxidized to the carbonyl group. The oxidation has been found to be highly regioselective where an array of protecting groups were tolerant to the reaction conditions. Pyranosyl glycals from various commercially available sugars have been studied in this work to evaluate the broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, 800005, Bihar, India
| | - Rima Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, 800005, Bihar, India.
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3
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Gorelik DJ, Desai SP, Jdanova S, Turner JA, Taylor MS. Transformations of carbohydrate derivatives enabled by photocatalysis and visible light photochemistry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1204-1236. [PMID: 38274059 PMCID: PMC10806712 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05400d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article highlights the diverse ways in which recent developments in the areas of photocatalysis and visible light photochemistry are impacting synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. The major topics covered are photocatalytic glycosylations, generation of radicals at the anomeric position, transformations involving radical formation at non-anomeric positions, additions to glycals, processes initiated by photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer from sugars, and functional group interconversions at OH and SH groups. Factors influencing stereo- and site-selectivity in these processes, along with mechanistic aspects, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Gorelik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Shrey P Desai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Sofia Jdanova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Julia A Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Mark S Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
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4
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Mora Flores EW, Suarez D, Uhrig ML, Postigo A. Photocatalyzed Perfluoroalkylation of Endoglycals. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38050850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The visible light-induced perfluoroalkyl (RF) radical reactions on peracetylglycals derived from hexoses and pentoses (galactal, glucal, arabinal, and xylal derivatives) were investigated. Various photocatalysts and perfluoroalkyl iodides (RF-I) were employed as sources of RF radicals with LEDs as the irradiation source. Particularly noteworthy was the use of an Iridium photocatalyst, Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(dtbpy))PF6, which yielded two distinct product types when applied to glucal. On the one hand, the 2-RF-substituted glucal was formed, a trend observed even when utilizing organic dyes as photocatalysts. On the other hand, the unexpected addition product, namely the 1-RF-2-iodo-α-manno-configured C-glycosyl derivative, was also obtained, as a result of a highly regioselective addition reaction of the RF moiety into the anomeric carbon, followed by attachment of the iodine atom on C-2 in axial disposition. This result contrasted with other radical reactions carried out on 2-unsubstituted glycals, where the incipient radical adds to C-2, generating a stabilized 1-glycosyl radical. The photocatalyzed radical perfluoroalkylations of peracetyl glycals derived from galactose, arabinose, and xylose all afforded the 2-RF-substituted glycals in good yields as a result of the expected vinylic substitution reaction. Mechanistic studies revealed that the 1-RF-2-iodo-α-manno-configured C-glycosyl derivatives arise from a radical chain reaction, whereas the 2-RF-substituted glycals proceed from inefficient chain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin W Mora Flores
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Daniel Suarez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - María Laura Uhrig
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Al Postigo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
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5
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Das P, Thakur R. Amino-Acid-Derived Amides as Stereodirecting Leaving Groups for Ferrier Rearrangement via Pd(0)-Catalyzed Tsuji-Trost Reactions. Org Lett 2023; 25:6046-6051. [PMID: 37556780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Ferrier rearrangement on glycals is an efficient tool to form 2,3-dideoxy glycosides that provide access to various sugar derivatives through olefin functionalization. The classical acid-mediated transformation delivers the α-O-glycosides selectively. In this protocol, amides obtained from amino acids, glycine and proline, have been utilized as sustainable β-directing leaving groups on glycal substrates. The directing groups facilitate β-selective Ferrier rearrangements for hard alcohol nucleophiles by following the Pd(0)-catalyzed Tsuji-Trost inner sphere pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 800 005, India
| | - Rima Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 800 005, India
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6
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Manzano VE, Dada L, Uhrig ML, Varela O. Synthesis of sugar enones and their use as powerful synthetic precursors of thiodisaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2023; 529:108833. [PMID: 37216699 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Monosaccharide derivatives having a double bond conjugated to a carbonyl (sugar enones or enuloses) are relevant synthetic tools. They are also suitable starting materials, or versatile intermediates, for the synthesis of a wide variety of natural or synthetic compounds with a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities. The preparation of enones is mainly focused on the search for more efficient and diastereoselective synthetic methodologies. The usefulness of enuloses relies on the diverse reaction possibilities offered by alkene and carbonyl double bonds, which are prone to undergo varied reactions such as halogenation, nitration, epoxidation, reduction, addition, etc. The addition of thiol groups that led to sulfur glycomimetics, such as thiooligosaccharides, is particularly relevant. Therefore, the synthesis of enuloses and the Michael addition of sulfur nucleophiles to give thiosugars or thiodisaccharides are discussed here. Chemical modifications of the conjugate addition products to afford biologically active compounds are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica E Manzano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Dada
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Uhrig
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Oscar Varela
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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7
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Liu H, Laporte AG, Tardieu D, Hazelard D, Compain P. Formal Glycosylation of Quinones with exo-Glycals Enabled by Iron-Mediated Oxidative Radical-Polar Crossover. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13178-13194. [PMID: 36095170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The intermolecular C-O coupling reaction of 1,4-quinones with exo-glycals under iron hydride hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) conditions is described. This method provides a direct and regioselective access to a wide range of phenolic O-ketosides related to biologically relevant natural products in diastereomeric ratios up to >98:2 in the furanose and pyranose series. No trace of the corresponding C-glycosylated products that might have resulted from the radical alkylation of 1,4-quinones was observed. The results of mechanistic experiments suggest that the key C-O bond-forming event proceeds through an oxidative radical-polar crossover process involving a single-electron transfer between the HAT-generated glycosyl radical and the electron-acceptor quinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Liu
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Univ. de Strasbourg
- Univ. de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS (UMR 7042), Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Adrien G Laporte
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Univ. de Strasbourg
- Univ. de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS (UMR 7042), Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Damien Tardieu
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Univ. de Strasbourg
- Univ. de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS (UMR 7042), Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Damien Hazelard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Univ. de Strasbourg
- Univ. de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS (UMR 7042), Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Compain
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Univ. de Strasbourg
- Univ. de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS (UMR 7042), Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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8
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Pratesi D, Mirabella S, Petrucci G, Matassini C, Faggi C, Cardona F, Goti A. Stereospecific Access to α‐ and β‐N‐Glycosylamine Derivatives by a Metal Free O‐to‐N [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Pratesi
- Università degli Studi di Firenze: Universita degli Studi di Firenze Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino ITALY
| | - Stefania Mirabella
- Universita degli Studi di Firenze Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" via della Lastruccia 3-13 Sesto Fiorentino ITALY
| | - Giulia Petrucci
- Universita degli Studi di Firenze Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" via della Lastruccia 3-13 Sesto Fiorentino ITALY
| | - Camilla Matassini
- Universita degli Studi di Firenze Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" via della Lastruccia 3-13 Sesto Fiorentino ITALY
| | - Cristina Faggi
- Università degli Studi di Firenze: Universita degli Studi di Firenze Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" via della Lastruccia 3-13 Sesto Fiorentino ITALY
| | - Francesca Cardona
- Università degli Studi di Firenze: Universita degli Studi di Firenze Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino ITALY
| | - Andrea Goti
- Universita' di Firenze Chemistry ""Ugo Schiff"" via della Lastruccia 13 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI ITALY
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