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Rarotra S, Singh AK, Mandal TK, Bandyopadhyay D. Co-electrolysis of seawater and carbon dioxide inside a microfluidic reactor to synthesize speciality organics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10298. [PMID: 37365171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We report co-electrolysis of seawater and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in a solar cell-integrated membraneless microfluidic reactor for continuous synthesis of organic products. The microfluidic reactor was fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane substrate comprising of a central microchannel with a pair of inlets for injection of CO2 gas and seawater and an outlet for removal of organic products. A pair of copper electrodes were inserted into microchannel to ensure its direct interaction with incoming CO2 gas and seawater as they pass into the microchannel. The coupling of solar cell panels with electrodes generated a high-intensity electrical field across the electrodes at low voltage, which facilitated the co-electrolysis of CO2 and seawater. The paired electrolysis of CO2 gas and seawater produced a range of industrially important organics under influence of solar cell-mediated external electric field. The, as synthesized, organic compounds were collected downstream and identified using characterization techniques. Furthermore, the probable underlying electrochemical reaction mechanisms near the electrodes were proposed for synthesis of organic products. The inclusion of greenhouse CO2 gas as reactant, seawater as electrolyte, and solar energy as an inexpensive electric source for co-electrolysis initiation makes the microreactor a low-cost and sustainable alternative for CO2 sequestration and synthesis of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptak Rarotra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA.
| | - Tapas Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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2
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Kumar Mittal A, Prakash G, Pathak P, Maiti D. Synthesis of Picramide Using Nitration and Ammonolysis in Continuous Flow. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201028. [PMID: 36484628 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a safer, scalable and continuous process for synthesis of picramide. The process consists of two steps: step-1. nitration of p-nitroanisole (PNAN) to 2,4,6-trinitrianisole (TNAN); step-2. ammonolysis of TNAN to picramide. Both the steps were optimized in flow, with yield of 90% and 98% in step-1 and step-2 respectively. Picramide with HPLC purity greater than 99% was obtained. When compared with batch, in step-1, flow process provided significant advantage in selectivity and yield. The optimized flow process was scaled to 25 g/hr production rate in a laboratory flow reactor. The method can be considered fit for the safe production of picramide at commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Gaurav Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Pramod Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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3
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The applications of organozinc reagents in continuous flow chemistry: Negishi coupling. J Flow Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-022-00253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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4
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Mittal AK, Prakash G, Pathak P, Maiti D. Synthesis of CTA and DNAN using flow chemistry. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Mittal
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Department of Chemistry Mumbai INDIA
| | - Gaurav Prakash
- IIT Bombay: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Department of Chemistry Mumbai INDIA
| | - Pramod Pathak
- IIT Bombay: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Department of Chemistry Mumbai INDIA
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay Department of Chemistry Powai 400076 Mumbai INDIA
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5
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A three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer model for methanol synthesis in a modular millireactor. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Hunt G, Karimi N, Mehdizadeh A. Intensification of ultra-lean catalytic combustion of methane in microreactors by boundary layer interruptions – A computational study. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Jovanovic GN, Coblyn MY, Plazl I. Time scale analysis & characteristic times in microscale-based chemical and biochemical processes: Part I – Concepts and origins. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Enhancement of Fluid Mixing with U-Shaped Channels on a Rotating Disc. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11121110. [PMID: 33334076 PMCID: PMC7765561 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, centrifugal microfluidics with a simple geometry of U-shaped structure was designed, fabricated and analyzed to attain rapid and efficient fluid mixing. Visualization experiments together with numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the mixing behavior for the microfluidics with single, double and triple U-shaped structures, where each of the U-structures consisted of four consecutive 90° bends. It is found that the U-shaped structure markedly enhances mixing by transverse secondary flow that is originated from the Coriolis-induced vortices and further intensified by the Dean force generated as the stream turns along the 90° bends. The secondary flow becomes stronger with increasing rotational speed and with more U-shaped structures, hence higher mixing performance. The mixing efficiency measured for the three types of mixers shows a sharp increase with increasing rotational speed in the lower range. As the rotational speed further increases, nearly complete mixing can be achieved at 600 rpm for the triple-U mixer and at 720 rpm for the double-U mixer, while a maximum efficiency level of 83-86% is reached for the single-U mixer. The simulation results that reveal detailed characteristics of the flow and concentration fields are in good agreement with the experiments.
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9
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Huynh F, Tailby M, Finniear A, Stephens K, Allemann RK, Wirth T. Accelerating Biphasic Biocatalysis through New Process Windows. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16490-16495. [PMID: 32567753 PMCID: PMC7540285 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Process intensification through continuous flow reactions has increased the production rates of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Catalytic reactions are accelerated through an unconventional and unprecedented use of a high-performance liquid/liquid counter current chromatography system. Product generation is significantly faster than in traditional batch reactors or in segmented flow systems, which is exemplified through stereoselective phase-transfer catalyzed reactions. This methodology also enables the intensification of biocatalysis as demonstrated in high yield esterifications and in the sesquiterpene cyclase-catalyzed synthesis of sesquiterpenes from farnesyl diphosphate as high-value natural products with applications in medicine, agriculture and the fragrance industry. Product release in sesquiterpene synthases is rate limiting due to the hydrophobic nature of sesquiterpenes, but a biphasic system exposed to centrifugal forces allows for highly efficient reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Huynh
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Main BuildingPark PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Matthew Tailby
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Main BuildingPark PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | | | | | - Rudolf K. Allemann
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Main BuildingPark PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Main BuildingPark PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
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10
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Design, Fundamental Principles of Fabrication and Applications of Microreactors. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8080891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study highlights the development of small-scale reactors, in the form of microstructures with microchannel networking. Microreactors have achieved an impressive reputation, regarding chemical synthesis ability and their applications in the engineering, pharmaceutical, and biological fields. This review elaborates on the fabrication, construction, and schematic fundamentals in the design of the microreactors and microchannels. The materials used in the fabrication or construction of the microreactors include silicon, polymer, and glass. A general review of the application of microreactors in medical, biological, and engineering fields is carried out and significant improvements in these areas are reported. Finally, we highlight the flow patterns, mixing, and scaling-up of multiphase microreactor developments, with emphasis on the more significant industrial applications.
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11
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Huynh F, Tailby M, Finniear A, Stephens K, Allemann RK, Wirth T. Beschleunigung von zweiphasiger Biokatalyse durch neue Prozessfenster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Huynh
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Main Building Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Matthew Tailby
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Main Building Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Aled Finniear
- Bioextractions (Wales) Ltd. Trafarnaubach Tredegar UK
| | | | - Rudolf K. Allemann
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Main Building Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Main Building Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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12
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Synthesis of Biaryls Having a Piperidylmethyl Group Based on Space Integration of Lithiation, Borylation, and Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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14
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Nagaki A. Recent topics of functionalized organolithiums using flow microreactor chemistry. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Miyamura H, Tobita F, Suzuki A, Kobayashi S. Direct Synthesis of Hydroquinones from Quinones through Sequential and Continuous‐Flow Hydrogenation‐Derivatization Using Heterogeneous Au–Pt Nanoparticles as Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Miyamura
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceThe University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Fumiya Tobita
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceThe University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Aya Suzuki
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceThe University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceThe University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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16
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Miyamura H, Tobita F, Suzuki A, Kobayashi S. Direct Synthesis of Hydroquinones from Quinones through Sequential and Continuous‐Flow Hydrogenation‐Derivatization Using Heterogeneous Au–Pt Nanoparticles as Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9220-9224. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Miyamura
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceThe University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Fumiya Tobita
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceThe University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Aya Suzuki
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceThe University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of ChemistrySchool of ScienceThe University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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17
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Anionic Polymerization Using Flow Microreactors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24081532. [PMID: 31003462 PMCID: PMC6514773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flow microreactors are expected to make a revolutionary change in chemical synthesis involving various fields of polymer synthesis. In fact, extensive flow microreactor studies have opened up new possibilities in polymer chemistry including cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, radical polymerization, coordination polymerization, polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization. This review provides an overview of flow microreactors in anionic polymerization and their various applications.
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18
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Oosthoek-de Vries AJ, Nieuwland PJ, Bart J, Koch K, Janssen JWG, van Bentum PJM, Rutjes FPJT, Gardeniers HJGE, Kentgens APM. Inline Reaction Monitoring of Amine-Catalyzed Acetylation of Benzyl Alcohol Using a Microfluidic Stripline Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Setup. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5369-5380. [PMID: 30864795 PMCID: PMC6449804 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We present an in-depth study of the acetylation of benzyl alcohol in the presence of N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) monitoring of the reaction from 1.5 s to several minutes. We have adapted the NMR setup to be compatible to microreactor technology, scaling down the typical sample volume of commercial NMR probes (500 μL) to a microfluidic stripline setup with 150 nL detection volume. Inline spectra are obtained to monitor the kinetics and unravel the reaction mechanism of this industrially relevant reaction. The experiments are combined with conventional 2D NMR measurements to identify the reaction products. In addition, we replace DIPEA with triethylamine and pyridine to validate the reaction mechanism for different amine catalysts. In all three acetylation reactions, we find that the acetyl ammonium ion is a key intermediate. The formation of ketene is observed during the first minutes of the reaction when tertiary amines were present. The pyridine-catalyzed reaction proceeds via a different mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pieter J. Nieuwland
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- FutureChemistry
Holding B.V., Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob Bart
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kaspar Koch
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- FutureChemistry
Holding B.V., Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W. G. Janssen
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P. Jan M. van Bentum
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arno P. M. Kentgens
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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19
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Nagaki A, Sasatsuki K, Ishiuchi S, Miuchi N, Takumi M, Yoshida JI. Synthesis of Functionalized Ketones from Acid Chlorides and Organolithiums by Extremely Fast Micromixing. Chemistry 2019; 25:4946-4950. [PMID: 30775815 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of ketones containing various functional groups from acid chlorides bearing electrophilic functional groups and functionalized organolithiums was achieved using a flow microreactor system. Extremely fast mixing is important for high chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kengo Sasatsuki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishiuchi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Miuchi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takumi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Emeritus Professor, Kyoto University, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0294, Japan
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20
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Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Using Monolithic Pd Reactors and Scaling-Up by Series Connection of the Reactors. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The space integration of the lithiation of aryl halides, the borylation of aryllithiums, and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling using a Pd catalyst supported by a polymer monolith flow reactor without using an intentionally added base was achieved. To scale up the process, a series connection of the monolith Pd reactor was examined. To suppress the increase in the pressure drop caused by the series connection, a monolith reactor having larger pore sizes was developed by varying the temperature of the monolith preparation. The monolithic Pd reactor having larger pore sizes enabled Suzuki–Miyaura coupling at a higher flow rate because of a lower pressure drop and, therefore, an increase in productivity. The present study indicates that series connection of the reactors with a higher flow rate serves as a good method for increasing the productivity without decreasing the yields.
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21
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Experimental Studies of Ethyl Acetate Saponification Using Different Reactor Systems: The Effect of Volume Flow Rate on Reactor Performance and Pressure Drop. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microreactors intensify chemical processes due to improved flow regimes, mass and heat transfer. In the present study, the effect of the volume flow rate on reactor performance in different reactors (the T-shaped reactor, the interdigital microreactor and the chicane microreactor) was investigated. For this purpose, the saponification reaction in these reactor systems was considered. Experimental results were verified using the obtained kinetic model. The reactor system with a T-shaped reactor shows good performance only at high flow rates, while the experimental setups with the interdigital and the chicane microreactors yield good performance throughout the whole range of volume flow rates. However, microreactors exhibit a higher pressure drop, indicating higher mechanical flow energy consumption than seen using a T-shaped reactor.
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22
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Akwi FM, Watts P. Continuous flow chemistry: where are we now? Recent applications, challenges and limitations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13894-13928. [PMID: 30483683 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07427e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A general outlook of the changing face of chemical synthesis is provided in this article through recent applications of continuous flow processing in both industry and academia. The benefits, major challenges and limitations associated with the use of this mode of processing are also given due attention as an attempt to put into perspective the current position of continuous flow processing, either as an alternative or potential combinatory technology for batch processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith M Akwi
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa.
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23
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Portela R, Perez-Ferreras S, Serrano-Lotina A, Bañares MA. Engineering operando methodology: Understanding catalysis in time and space. Front Chem Sci Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-018-1740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Pham GH, Ou W, Bursulaya B, DiDonato M, Herath A, Jin Y, Hao X, Loren J, Spraggon G, Brock A, Uno T, Geierstanger BH, Cellitti SE. Tuning a Protein-Labeling Reaction to Achieve Highly Site Selective Lysine Conjugation. Chembiochem 2018; 19:799-804. [PMID: 29388367 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Activated esters are widely used to label proteins at lysine side chains and N termini. These reagents are useful for labeling virtually any protein, but robust reactivity toward primary amines generally precludes site-selective modification. In a unique case, fluorophenyl esters are shown to preferentially label human kappa antibodies at a single lysine (Lys188) within the light-chain constant domain. Neighboring residues His189 and Asp151 contribute to the accelerated rate of labeling at Lys188 relative to the ≈40 other lysine sites. Enriched Lys188 labeling can be enhanced from 50-70 % to >95 % by any of these approaches: lowering reaction temperature, applying flow chemistry, or mutagenesis of specific residues in the surrounding protein environment. Our results demonstrated that activated esters with fluoro-substituted aromatic leaving groups, including a fluoronaphthyl ester, can be generally useful reagents for site-selective lysine labeling of antibodies and other immunoglobulin-type proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H Pham
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Biotherapeutics & Biotechnology, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Weijia Ou
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Biotherapeutics & Biotechnology, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Badry Bursulaya
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Biotherapeutics & Biotechnology, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Michael DiDonato
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Biotherapeutics & Biotechnology, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Ananda Herath
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Biotherapeutics & Biotechnology, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Yunho Jin
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Biotherapeutics & Biotechnology, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Xueshi Hao
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Biotherapeutics & Biotechnology, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jon Loren
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Biotherapeutics & Biotechnology, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Glen Spraggon
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Biotherapeutics & Biotechnology, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Ansgar Brock
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Biotherapeutics & Biotechnology, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Tetsuo Uno
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Biotherapeutics & Biotechnology, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Bernhard H Geierstanger
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Biotherapeutics & Biotechnology, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Susan E Cellitti
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), Biotherapeutics & Biotechnology, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
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25
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Thaisrivongs DA, Naber JR, Rogus NJ, Spencer G. Development of an Organometallic Flow Chemistry Reaction at Pilot-Plant Scale for the Manufacture of Verubecestat. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Thaisrivongs
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - John R. Naber
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Rogus
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Glenn Spencer
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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26
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Nagaki A, Yamashita H, Takahashi Y, Ishiuchi S, Imai K, Yoshida JI. Selective Mono Addition of Aryllithiums to Dialdehydes by Micromixing. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamashita
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishiuchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Keita Imai
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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27
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Wang K, Zhang H, Shen Y, Adamo A, Jensen KF. Thermoformed fluoropolymer tubing for in-line mixing. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a thermoforming method to make in-line micromixer in commercial fluoropolymer tubing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Haomiao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Andrea Adamo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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28
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Ichinari D, Nagaki A, Yoshida JI. Generation of hazardous methyl azide and its application to synthesis of a key-intermediate of picarbutrazox, a new potent pesticide in flow. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6224-6228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Wei XJ, Boon W, Hessel V, Noël T. Visible-Light Photocatalytic Decarboxylation of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids: Facile Access to Stereoselective Difluoromethylated Styrenes in Batch and Flow. ACS Catal 2017; 7:7136-7140. [PMID: 29109904 PMCID: PMC5666695 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
development of synthetic methodologies which provide access
to both stereoisomers of α,β-disubstituted olefins is
a challenging undertaking. Herein, we describe the development of
an operationally simple and stereoselective synthesis of difluoromethylated
styrenes via a visible-light photocatalytic decarboxylation strategy
using fac-Ir(ppy)3 as the photocatalyst.
Meta- and para-substituted cinnamic acids provide the expected E-isomer. In contrast, ortho-substituted
cinnamic acids yield selectively the less stable Z-product, whereas the E-isomer can be obtained via
continuous-flow processing through accurate control of the reaction
time. Furthermore, our protocol is amenable to the decarboxylative
difluoromethylation of aryl propiolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wout Boon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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30
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Wilhite BA. Unconventional microreactor designs for process intensification in the distributed reforming of hydrocarbons: a review of recent developments at Texas A&M University. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Gemoets HPL, Laudadio G, Verstraete K, Hessel V, Noël T. A Modular Flow Design for the meta-Selective C-H Arylation of Anilines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7161-7165. [PMID: 28543979 PMCID: PMC5488246 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Described herein is an effective and practical modular flow design for the meta-selective C-H arylation of anilines. The design consists of four continuous-flow modules (i.e., diaryliodonium salt synthesis, meta-selective C-H arylation, inline copper extraction, and aniline deprotection) which can be operated either individually or consecutively to provide direct access to meta-arylated anilines. With a total residence time of 1 hour, the desired product could be obtained in high yield and excellent purity without the need for column chromatography, and the residual copper content meets the standards for parenterally administered pharmaceutical substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes P. L. Gemoets
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process TechnologyEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 25612AZEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Laudadio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process TechnologyEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 25612AZEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Verstraete
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process TechnologyEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 25612AZEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process TechnologyEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 25612AZEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process TechnologyEindhoven University of TechnologyDen Dolech 25612AZEindhovenThe Netherlands
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32
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Gemoets HPL, Laudadio G, Verstraete K, Hessel V, Noël T. A Modular Flow Design for the meta
-Selective C−H Arylation of Anilines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes P. L. Gemoets
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology; Eindhoven University of Technology; Den Dolech 2 5612 AZ Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Laudadio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology; Eindhoven University of Technology; Den Dolech 2 5612 AZ Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Verstraete
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology; Eindhoven University of Technology; Den Dolech 2 5612 AZ Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology; Eindhoven University of Technology; Den Dolech 2 5612 AZ Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology; Eindhoven University of Technology; Den Dolech 2 5612 AZ Eindhoven The Netherlands
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33
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Karl D, Börner P, Misuk V, Löwe H. Opening of New Synthetic Routes Using Segmented Microflow in Multistep Syntheses. Chem Eng Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201600367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Karl
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM; CAFE - Center for Applied Fluidics and Engineering; Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20 55129 Mainz Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Institute for Organic Chemistry; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Pia Börner
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Institute for Organic Chemistry; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Viktor Misuk
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Institute for Organic Chemistry; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Holger Löwe
- Fraunhofer ICT-IMM; CAFE - Center for Applied Fluidics and Engineering; Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 18-20 55129 Mainz Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Institute for Organic Chemistry; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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34
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Fanelli F, Parisi G, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Contribution of microreactor technology and flow chemistry to the development of green and sustainable synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:520-542. [PMID: 28405232 PMCID: PMC5372749 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microreactor technology and flow chemistry could play an important role in the development of green and sustainable synthetic processes. In this review, some recent relevant examples in the field of flash chemistry, catalysis, hazardous chemistry and continuous flow processing are described. Selected examples highlight the role that flow chemistry could play in the near future for a sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Fanelli
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari. Italy
| | - Giovanna Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari. Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari. Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari. Italy
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35
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Abstract
Effective and rapid mixing is essential for various chemical and biological assays. The present work describes a simple and low-cost micromixer based on magnetofluidic actuation. The device takes advantage of magnetoconvective secondary flow, a bulk flow induced by an external magnetic field, for mixing. A superparamagnetic stream of diluted ferrofluid and a non-magnetic stream are introduced to a straight microchannel. A permanent magnet placed next to the microchannel induced a non-uniform magnetic field. The magnetic field gradient and the mismatch in magnetic susceptibility between the two streams create a body force, which leads to rapid and efficient mixing. The micromixer reported here could achieve a high throughput and a high mixing efficiency of 88% in a relatively short microchannel.
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36
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Abstract
Engineering characteristics of liquid–liquid microflow and its advantages in chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Liantang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Pei Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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37
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Nagaki A, Ishiuchi S, Imai K, Sasatsuki K, Nakahara Y, Yoshida JI. Micromixing enables chemoselective reactions of difunctional electrophiles with functional aryllithiums. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Generation of highly unstable functional aryllithiums followed by chemoselective reactions with difunctional electrophiles were successfully achieved using flow microreactor systems equipped with micromixers to give highly functionalized compounds without protecting functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishiuchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Keita Imai
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Kengo Sasatsuki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yuichi Nakahara
- Process Engineering Group
- Fundamental Technology Labs. Institute of Innovation
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc
- Kawasaki-ku
- Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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38
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Thaisrivongs DA, Naber JR, McMullen JP. Using Flow To Outpace Fast Proton Transfer in an Organometallic Reaction for the Manufacture of Verubecestat (MK-8931). Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Thaisrivongs
- Process
Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - John R. Naber
- Process
Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jonathan P. McMullen
- Process
Research and Development, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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39
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Phan XK, Walmsley JC, Bakhtiary-Davijany H, Myrstad R, Pfeifer P, Venvik H, Holmen A. Pd/CeO 2 catalysts as powder in a fixed-bed reactor and as coating in a stacked foil microreactor for the methanol synthesis. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Boroun S, Larachi F. Role of magnetic nanoparticles in mixing, transport phenomena and reaction engineering — challenges and opportunities. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Lin X, Zhang J, Wang K, Luo G. Determination of the Micromixing Scale in a Microdevice by Numerical Simulation and Experiments. Chem Eng Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201500651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Cambié D, Bottecchia C, Straathof NJW, Hessel V, Noël T. Applications of Continuous-Flow Photochemistry in Organic Synthesis, Material Science, and Water Treatment. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10276-341. [PMID: 26935706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 882] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Continuous-flow photochemistry in microreactors receives a lot of attention from researchers in academia and industry as this technology provides reduced reaction times, higher selectivities, straightforward scalability, and the possibility to safely use hazardous intermediates and gaseous reactants. In this review, an up-to-date overview is given of photochemical transformations in continuous-flow reactors, including applications in organic synthesis, material science, and water treatment. In addition, the advantages of continuous-flow photochemistry are pointed out and a thorough comparison with batch processing is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Cambié
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Bottecchia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Natan J W Straathof
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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43
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Nagaki A, Hirose K, Tonomura O, Taniguchi S, Taga T, Hasebe S, Ishizuka N, Yoshida JI. Design of a Numbering-up System of Monolithic Microreactors and Its Application to Synthesis of a Key Intermediate of Valsartan. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hirose
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Osamu Tonomura
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Taniguchi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Toshiki Taga
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shinji Hasebe
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Norio Ishizuka
- Emaus Kyoto Inc. R&D, 26 Nishida-cho, Saiin, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto 615-0055, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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44
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Heggo D, Mohamed H, Ookawara S, Matsushita Y. Process Intensification of Photocatalytic p-Anisaldehyde Synthesis by Using Mini Batch Reactor and UV-LED. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.15we042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Heggo
- Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology
| | - Haitham Mohamed
- Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology
| | - Shinichi Ookawara
- Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Yoshihisa Matsushita
- Department of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology
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45
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Nagaki A, Hirose K, Moriwaki Y, Mitamura K, Matsukawa K, Ishizuka N, Yoshida J. Integration of borylation of aryllithiums and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling using monolithic Pd catalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy02098k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Integration of the preparation of arylboronic esters and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling using monolithic Pd catalyst was successfully achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615–8510
- Japan
| | - K. Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615–8510
- Japan
| | - Y. Moriwaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615–8510
- Japan
| | - K. Mitamura
- Emaus Kyoto Inc. R&Ds
- Ukyo-ku, Kyoto 615–0055
- Japan
| | - K. Matsukawa
- Emaus Kyoto Inc. R&Ds
- Ukyo-ku, Kyoto 615–0055
- Japan
| | - N. Ishizuka
- Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute
- Electronic Material Research Division
- Osaka 536–8553
- Japan
| | - J. Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615–8510
- Japan
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46
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Nagaki A, Kim S, Miuchi N, Yamashita H, Hirose K, Yoshida J. Switching between intermolecular and intramolecular reactions using flow microreactors: lithiation of 2-bromo-2′-silylbiphenyls. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00257a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Switching between the intermolecular reaction and the intramolecular reaction was achieved at will using flow microreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Nishikyo-ku
- Japan
| | - S. Kim
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Nishikyo-ku
- Japan
| | - N. Miuchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Nishikyo-ku
- Japan
| | - H. Yamashita
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Nishikyo-ku
- Japan
| | - K. Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Nishikyo-ku
- Japan
| | - J. Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Nishikyo-ku
- Japan
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47
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Lin C, Liu M, Yang Z. Performance of a Metal Ion-Doped Titania-Coated Planar Photocatalytic Microreactor. Chem Eng Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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49
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Wang K, Zhang J, Zheng C, Dong C, Lu Y, Luo G. A consecutive microreactor system for the synthesis of caprolactam with high selectivity. AIChE J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jisong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chen Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chen Dong
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yangcheng Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
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50
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Nagaki A, Takahashi Y, Henseler A, Matsuo C, Yoshida JI. Flash Chemistry Using Trichlorovinyllithium: Switching the Reaction Pathways by High-resolution Reaction Time Control. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Andrea Henseler
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Chika Matsuo
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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