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Liu S, Li J, Cheng Q, Duan K, Wang Z, Yan S, Tian S, Wang H, Wu S, Lei X, Yang Y, Ma N. A Single-Step Method for Harvesting Influenza Viral Particles from MDCK Cell Culture Supernatant with High Yield and Effective Impurity Removal. Viruses 2024; 16:768. [PMID: 38793649 PMCID: PMC11125750 DOI: 10.3390/v16050768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza vaccines, which are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), are the most effective preventive measure against influenza virus infection. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell culture is an emerging technology used to produce influenza vaccines. One challenge when purifying influenza vaccines using this cell culture system is to efficiently remove impurities, especially host cell double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and host cell proteins (HCPs), for safety assurance. In this study, we optimized ion-exchange chromatography methods to harvest influenza viruses from an MDCK cell culture broth, the first step in influenza vaccine purification. Bind/elute was chosen as the mode of operation for simplicity. The anion-exchange Q chromatography method was able to efficiently remove dsDNA and HCPs, but the recovery rate for influenza viruses was low. However, the cation-exchange SP process was able to simultaneously achieve high dsDNA and HCP removal and high influenza virus recovery. For the SP process to work, the clarified cell culture broth needed to be diluted to reduce its ionic strength, and the optimal dilution rate was determined to be 1:2 with purified water. The SP process yielded a virus recovery rate exceeding 90%, as measured using a hemagglutination units (HAUs) assay, with removal efficiencies over 97% for HCPs and over 99% for dsDNA. Furthermore, the general applicability of the SP chromatography method was demonstrated with seven strains of influenza viruses recommended for seasonal influenza vaccine production, including H1N1, H3N2, B (Victoria), and B (Yamagata) strains, indicating that the SP process could be utilized as a platform process. The SP process developed in this study showed four advantages: (1) simple operation, (2) a high recovery rate for influenza viruses, (3) a high removal rate for major impurities, and (4) general applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixu Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (Q.C.); (K.D.); (S.Y.); (S.T.); (H.W.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Jingqi Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (Q.C.); (K.D.); (S.Y.); (S.T.); (H.W.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- GenScript (Shanghai) Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Qingtian Cheng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (Q.C.); (K.D.); (S.Y.); (S.T.); (H.W.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Kangyi Duan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (Q.C.); (K.D.); (S.Y.); (S.T.); (H.W.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhan Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China;
| | - Shuang Yan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (Q.C.); (K.D.); (S.Y.); (S.T.); (H.W.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Shuaishuai Tian
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (Q.C.); (K.D.); (S.Y.); (S.T.); (H.W.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Hairui Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (Q.C.); (K.D.); (S.Y.); (S.T.); (H.W.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan 250104, China
| | - Shaobin Wu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (Q.C.); (K.D.); (S.Y.); (S.T.); (H.W.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- Beijing Zhifei Lvzhu Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xinkui Lei
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (Q.C.); (K.D.); (S.Y.); (S.T.); (H.W.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- Beijing Zhifei Lvzhu Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China;
| | - Ningning Ma
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (Q.C.); (K.D.); (S.Y.); (S.T.); (H.W.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
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2
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Karpov DS. CRISPR-Cas Systems and Genome Editing: Beginning the Era of CRISPR/Cas Therapies for Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5292. [PMID: 38791336 PMCID: PMC11121477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Harnessing of CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated genes) systems for detection, chemical modification, and sequence editing of nucleic acids dramatically changed many fields of fundamental science, biotechnology, and biomedicine [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S Karpov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
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3
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Eshchenko N, Sergeeva M, Zhuravlev E, Kudria K, Goncharova E, Komissarov A, Stepanov G. A Knockout of the IFITM3 Gene Increases the Sensitivity of WI-38 VA13 Cells to the Influenza A Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:625. [PMID: 38203797 PMCID: PMC10778886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the ways to regulate the sensitivity of human cells to the influenza virus is to knock out genes of the innate immune response. Promising targets for the knockout are genes of the interferon-inducible transmembrane protein (IFITM) family, in particular the IFITM3 gene, whose product limits the entry of a virus into the cell by blocking the fusion of the viral and endosomal membranes. In this study, by means of genome-editing system CRISPR/Cas9, monoclonal cell lines with an IFITM3 knockout were obtained based on WI-38 VA13 cells (human origin). It was found that such cell lines are more sensitive to infection by influenza A viruses of various subtypes. Nevertheless, this feature is not accompanied by an increased titer of newly formed viral particles in a culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Eshchenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (N.E.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Mariia Sergeeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (N.E.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.K.); (G.S.)
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia;
| | - Evgenii Zhuravlev
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (N.E.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Kira Kudria
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia;
| | - Elena Goncharova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (N.E.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Andrey Komissarov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (N.E.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.K.); (G.S.)
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia;
| | - Grigory Stepanov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (N.E.); (M.S.); (E.G.); (A.K.); (G.S.)
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4
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Yang Z, Xu X, Silva CAT, Farnos O, Venereo-Sanchez A, Toussaint C, Dash S, González-Domínguez I, Bernier A, Henry O, Kamen A. Membrane Chromatography-Based Downstream Processing for Cell-Culture Produced Influenza Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081310. [PMID: 36016198 PMCID: PMC9414887 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New influenza strains are constantly emerging, causing seasonal epidemics and raising concerns to the risk of a new global pandemic. Since vaccination is an effective method to prevent the spread of the disease and reduce its severity, the development of robust bioprocesses for producing pandemic influenza vaccines is exceptionally important. Herein, a membrane chromatography-based downstream processing platform with a demonstrated industrial application potential was established. Cell culture-derived influenza virus H1N1/A/PR/8/34 was harvested from benchtop bioreactor cultures. For the clarification of the cell culture broth, a depth filtration was selected as an alternative to centrifugation. After inactivation, an anion exchange chromatography membrane was used for viral capture and further processing. Additionally, two pandemic influenza virus strains, the H7N9 subtype of the A/Anhui/1/2013 and H3N2/A/Hong Kong/8/64, were successfully processed through similar downstream process steps establishing optimized process parameters. Overall, 41.3–62.5% viral recovery was achieved, with the removal of 86.3–96.5% host cell DNA and 95.5–99.7% of proteins. The proposed membrane chromatography purification is a scalable and generic method for the processing of different influenza strains and is a promising alternative to the current industrial purification of influenza vaccines based on ultracentrifugation methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Yang
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Xingge Xu
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Cristina A. T. Silva
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Omar Farnos
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Alina Venereo-Sanchez
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Cécile Toussaint
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Shantoshini Dash
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Irene González-Domínguez
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Alice Bernier
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Olivier Henry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Amine Kamen
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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5
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Production- and Purification-Relevant Properties of Human and Murine Cytomegalovirus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122481. [PMID: 34960750 PMCID: PMC8706497 DOI: 10.3390/v13122481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large unmet need for a prophylactic vaccine against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) to combat the ubiquitous infection that is ongoing with this pathogen. A vaccination against HCMV could protect immunocompromised patients and prevent birth defects caused by congenital HCMV infections. Moreover, cytomegalovirus (CMV) has a number of features that make it a very interesting vector platform for gene therapy. In both cases, preparation of a highly purified virus is a prerequisite for safe and effective application. Murine CMV (MCMV) is by far the most studied model for HCMV infections with regard to the principles that govern the immune surveillance of CMVs. Knowledge transfer from MCMV and mice to HCMV and humans could be facilitated by better understanding and characterization of the biological and biophysical properties of both viruses. We carried out a detailed investigation of HCMV and MCMV growth kinetics as well as stability under the influence of clarification and different storage conditions. Further, we investigated the possibilities to concentrate and purify both viruses by ultracentrifugation and ion-exchange chromatography. Defective enveloped particles were not separately analyzed; however, the behavior of exosomes was examined during all experiments. The effectiveness of procedures was monitored using CCID50 assay, Nanoparticle tracking analysis, ELISA for host cell proteins, and quantitative PCR for host cell DNA. MCMV generally proved to be more robust in handling. Despite its greater sensitivity, HCMV was efficiently (100% recovery) purified and concentrated by anion-exchange chromatography using QA monolithic support. The majority of the host genomic DNA as well as most of the host cell proteins were removed by this procedure.
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6
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Continuous purification of influenza A virus particles using pseudo-affinity membrane chromatography. J Biotechnol 2021; 342:139-148. [PMID: 34678401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Robust and flexible continuous unit operations that enable the establishment of intensified bioprocesses is one of the most relevant trends in manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals, including virus-based products. Sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers (SCMA) are one of the most promising matrices for chromatographic purification of virus particles, like influenza viruses. Here, a three 'column' periodical counter current set-up was used to continuously purify influenza A/PR/8/34 virus particles using SCMA in bind-elute mode. It was possible to recover 67.4% of the HA-activity and to remove 67.4% and 99.8% of the total protein and DNA, respectively. The performance of the continuous process operated over a total of 10 loops, was slightly inferior to was obtained in a comparable batch process. Nevertheless, it was possible to increase the effective usage of binding capacity to 80%, resulting on a productivity of 22.8 kHAU mlmemb-1 min-1. As a proof-of-principle, SCMA were successfully used as matrix for purification of cell-derived influenza virus particles, in continuous mode.
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7
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Do Minh A, Kamen AA. Critical Assessment of Purification and Analytical Technologies for Enveloped Viral Vector and Vaccine Processing and Their Current Limitations in Resolving Co-Expressed Extracellular Vesicles. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080823. [PMID: 34451948 PMCID: PMC8402407 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral vectors and viral vaccines are invaluable tools in prevention and treatment of diseases. Many infectious diseases are controlled using vaccines designed from subunits or whole viral structures, whereas other genetic diseases and cancers are being treated by viruses used as vehicles for delivering genetic material in gene therapy or as therapeutic agents in virotherapy protocols. Viral vectors and vaccines are produced in different platforms, from traditional embryonated chicken eggs to more advanced cell cultures. All these expression systems, like most cells and cellular tissues, are known to spontaneously release extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs share similar sizes, biophysical characteristics and even biogenesis pathways with enveloped viruses, which are currently used as key ingredients in a number of viral vectors and licensed vaccine products. Herein, we review distinctive features and similarities between EVs and enveloped viruses as we revisit the downstream processing steps and analytical technologies currently implemented to produce and document viral vector and vaccine products. Within a context of well-established viral vector and vaccine safety profiles, this review provides insights on the likely presence of EVs in the final formulation of enveloped virus products and discusses the potential to further resolve and document these components.
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8
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Bissinger T, Wu Y, Marichal-Gallardo P, Riedel D, Liu X, Genzel Y, Tan WS, Reichl U. Towards integrated production of an influenza A vaccine candidate with MDCK suspension cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3996-4013. [PMID: 34219217 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza epidemics occur both in northern and southern hemispheres every year. Despite the differences in influenza virus surface antigens and virulence of seasonal subtypes, manufacturers are well-adapted to respond to this periodical vaccine demand. Due to decades of influenza virus research, the development of new influenza vaccines is relatively straight forward. In similarity with the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, vaccine manufacturing is a major bottleneck for a rapid supply of the billions of doses required worldwide. In particular, egg-based vaccine production would be difficult to schedule and shortages of other egg-based vaccines with high demands also have to be anticipated. Cell culture-based production systems enable the manufacturing of large amounts of vaccines within a short time frame and expand significantly our options to respond to pandemics and emerging viral diseases. In this study, we present an integrated process for the production of inactivated influenza A virus vaccines based on a Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) suspension cell line cultivated in a chemically defined medium. Very high titers of 3.6 log10 (HAU/100 µl) were achieved using fast-growing MDCK cells at concentrations up to 9.5 × 106 cells/ml infected with influenza A/PR/8/34 H1N1 virus in 1 L stirred tank bioreactors. A combination of membrane-based steric-exclusion chromatography followed by pseudo-affinity chromatography with a sulfated cellulose membrane adsorber enabled full recovery for the virus capture step and up to 80% recovery for the virus polishing step. Purified virus particles showed a homogenous size distribution with a mean diameter of 80 nm. Based on a monovalent dose of 15 µg hemagglutinin (single-radial immunodiffusion assay), the level of total protein and host cell DNA was 58 µg and 10 ng, respectively. Furthermore, all process steps can be fully scaled up to industrial quantities for commercial manufacturing of either seasonal or pandemic influenza virus vaccines. Fast production of up to 300 vaccine doses per liter within 4-5 days makes this process competitive not only to other cell-based processes but to egg-based processes as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bissinger
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yixiao Wu
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Pavel Marichal-Gallardo
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Facility for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Xuping Liu
- Shanghai BioEngine Sci-Tech Co., Shanghai, China
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai BioEngine Sci-Tech Co., Shanghai, China
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.,Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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9
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B Carvalho S, Peixoto C, T Carrondo MJ, S Silva RJ. Downstream processing for influenza vaccines and candidates: An update. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2845-2869. [PMID: 33913510 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks present severe health and economic burdens. To overcome limitations on influenza vaccines' availability and effectiveness, researchers chase universal vaccines providing broad, long-lasting protection against multiple influenza subtypes, and including pandemic ones. Novel influenza vaccine designs are under development, in clinical trials, or reaching the market, namely inactivated, or live-attenuated virus, virus-like particles, or recombinant antigens, searching for improved effectiveness; all these bring downstream processing (DSP) new challenges. Having to deal with new influenza strains, including pandemics, requires shorter development time, driving the development of faster bioprocesses. To cope with better upstream processes, new regulatory demands for quality and safety, and cost reduction requirements, new unit operations and integrated processes are increasing DSP efficiency for novel vaccine formats. This review covers recent advances in DSP strategies of different influenza vaccine formats. Focus is given to the improvements on relevant state-of-the-art unit operations, from harvest and clarification to purification steps, ending with sterile filtration and formulation. The development of more efficient unit operations to cope with biophysical properties of the new candidates is discussed: emphasis is given to the design of new stationary phases, 3D printing approaches, and continuous processing tools, such as continuous chromatography. The impact of the production platforms and vaccine designs on the downstream operations for the different influenza vaccine formats approved for this season are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia B Carvalho
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel J T Carrondo
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J S Silva
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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10
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A new and simplified anion exchange chromatographic process for the purification of cell-grown influenza A H1N1 virus. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Lothert K, Dekevic G, Loewe D, Salzig D, Czermak P, Wolff MW. Upstream and Downstream Processes for Viral Nanoplexes as Vaccines. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2183:217-248. [PMID: 32959247 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0795-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The increasing medical interest in viral nanoplexes, such as viruses or virus-like particles used for vaccines, gene therapy products, or oncolytic agents, raises the need for fast and efficient production processes. In general, these processes comprise upstream and downstream processing. For the upstream process, efficiency is mainly characterized by robustly achieving high titer yields, while reducing process times and costs with regard to the cell culture medium, the host cell selection, and the applied process conditions. The downstream part, on the other hand, should effectively remove process-related contaminants, such as host cells/cell debris as well as host cell DNA and proteins, while maintaining product stability and reducing product losses. This chapter outlines a combination of process steps to successfully produce virus particles in the controlled environment of a stirred tank bioreactor, combined with a platform-based purification approach using filtration-based clarification and steric exclusion chromatography. Additionally, suggestions for off-line analytics in terms of virus characterization and quantification as well as for contaminant estimation are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keven Lothert
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology (IBPT), Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM) - University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gregor Dekevic
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology (IBPT), Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM) - University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel Loewe
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology (IBPT), Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM) - University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise Salzig
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology (IBPT), Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM) - University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology (IBPT), Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM) - University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Division Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology (IBPT), Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM) - University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany.
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12
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Use of sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers for chromatographic purification of cell cultured-derived influenza A and B viruses. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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B Carvalho S, Fortuna AR, Wolff MW, Peixoto C, M Alves P, Reichl U, JT Carrondo M. Purification of influenza virus-like particles using sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OXFORD, OXFORDSHIRE : 1986) 2018; 93:1988-1996. [PMID: 30008506 PMCID: PMC6033026 DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) are an alternative to inactivated viral vaccines that combine good safety profiles with strong immunogenicity. In order to be economically competitive, efficient manufacturing is required, in particular downstream processing, which often accounts for major production costs. This study describes the optimization and establishment of a chromatography capturing technique using sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers (SCMA) for purification of influenza VLPs. RESULTS Using a design of experiments approach, the critical factors for SCMA performance were described and optimized. For optimal conditions (membrane ligand density: 15.4 µmol cm-2, salt concentration of the loading buffer: 24 mmol L-1 NaCl, and elution buffer: 920 mmol L-1 NaCl, as well as the corresponding flow rates: 0.24 and 1.4 mL min-1), a yield of 80% in the product fraction was obtained. No loss of VLPs was detected in the flowthrough fraction. Removal of total protein and DNA impurities were higher than 89% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION Use of SCMA represents a significant improvement compared with conventional ion exchanger membrane adsorbers. As the method proposed is easily scalable and reduces the number of steps required compared with conventional purification methods, SCMA could qualify as a generic platform for purification of VLP-based influenza vaccines. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia B Carvalho
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeirasPortugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - A Raquel Fortuna
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsMagdeburgGermany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsMagdeburgGermany
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences MittelhessenGießenGermany
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeirasPortugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeirasPortugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical SystemsMagdeburgGermany
- Otto von Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Manuel JT Carrondo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaOeirasPortugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de LisboaCaparicaPortugal
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Asanzhanova NN, Ryskeldinova SZ, Chervyakova OV, Khairullin BM, Kasenov MM, Tabynov KK. Comparison of Different Methods of Purification and Concentration in Production of Influenza Vaccine. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 164:229-232. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Fortuna AR, Taft F, Villain L, Wolff MW, Reichl U. Optimization of cell culture-derived influenza A virus particles purification using sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers. Eng Life Sci 2017; 18:29-39. [PMID: 32624858 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Downstream processing remains one of the biggest challenges in manufacturing of biologicals and vaccines. This work focuses on a Design of Experiments approach to understand factors influencing the performance of sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers for the chromatographic purification of a cell culture-derived H1N1 influenza virus strain (A/Puerto Rico/8/34). Membranes with a medium ligand density together with low conductivity and a high virus titer in the feed stream resulted in optimum virus yields and low protein and DNA content in the product fraction. Flow rate and salt concentration in the buffer used for elution were of secondary importance while membrane permeability had no significant impact on separation performance. A virus loss of 2.1% in the flow through, a yield of 57.4% together with a contamination level of 5.1 pgDNA HAU-1 and 1.2 ngprot HAU-1 were experimentally confirmed for the optimal operating point predicted. The critical process parameters identified and their optimal settings should support the optimization of sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers based purification trains for other influenza virus strains, streamlining cell culture-derived vaccine manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Fortuna
- Bioprocess Engineering Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Magdeburg Germany
| | - Florian Taft
- R&D Membrane Modification Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH Göttingen Germany
| | - Louis Villain
- R&D Membrane Modification Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH Göttingen Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Bioprocess Engineering Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Magdeburg Germany.,Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen Gießen Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems Magdeburg Germany.,Chair of Bioprocess Engineering Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
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16
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A fast and efficient purification platform for cell-based influenza viruses by flow-through chromatography. Vaccine 2017; 36:3146-3152. [PMID: 28342667 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Since newly emerging influenza viruses with pandemic potentials occurred in recent years, the demand for producing pandemic influenza vaccines for human use is high. For the development of a quick and efficient vaccine production, we proposed an efficient purification platform from the harvest to the purified bulk for the cell-based influenza vaccine production. This platform based on flow-through chromatography and filtration steps and the process only involves a few purification steps, including depth filtration, inactivation by formaldehyde, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, anion-exchange and ligand-core chromatography and sterile filtration. In addition, in the proposed chromatography steps, no virus capture steps were employed, and the purification results were not affected by the virus strain variation, host cells and culturing systems. The results from different virus strains which produced by Vero or MDCK cells in different culturing systems also obtained 33-46% HA recovery yields by this platform. The overall removal rates of the protein and DNA concentration in the purified bulk were over 96.1% and 99.7%, respectively. The low residual cellular DNA concentrations were obtained ranged from 30 to 130pg per human dose (15µg/dose). All influenza H5N1 purified bulks met the regulatory requirements for human vaccine use.
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17
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Marichal-Gallardo P, Pieler MM, Wolff MW, Reichl U. Steric exclusion chromatography for purification of cell culture-derived influenza A virus using regenerated cellulose membranes and polyethylene glycol. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1483:110-119. [PMID: 28069171 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Steric exclusion chromatography has been used for the purification of proteins and bacteriophages using monoliths. The operation is carried out by mixing a crude sample containing the target species with a predetermined concentration and molecular weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and loading it onto a non-reactive hydrophilic surface. Product capture occurs by the mutual steric exclusion of PEG between the product and the matrix. Selectivity is significantly influenced by target product size. Product elution is achieved by decreasing the PEG concentration. In this study, a 75cm2 cellulose membrane adsorber was used for the purification of a clarified and inactivated influenza A virus broth produced in a 5L bioreactor using suspension Madin Darby canine kidney cells. Product recovery was above 95% based on hemagglutination activity and single radial immunodiffusion assays. Maximum depletion of double stranded host cell DNA and total protein was 99.7% and 92.4%, respectively. Purified virus particles showed no aggregation with a monodisperse peak around 84nm. 250mL of the clarified inactivated virus broth was purified within 40min. The surface area productivity based on the recovery of the viral hemagglutinin antigen was 28-50mgm-2h-1 depending on the feed and loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Marichal-Gallardo
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Michael M Pieler
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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18
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Wang W, Voigt A, Sundmacher K. The interaction of protein-coated bionanoparticles and surface receptors reevaluated: how important is the number of bonds? SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6451-6462. [PMID: 27411954 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00995f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Specifically designed bionanoparticles with a function-oriented protein-coating layer interact with self-prepared receptor surfaces as the counterpart. Based on surface plasmon resonance biosensing experiments, a model framework is validated to estimate the number of bonds formed between these bionanoparticles and the receptor surface based on multivalent interactions. Our multi-site kinetic model is able to analyze the adsorption rate constants and the number of bonds from experimental data of natural and synthetic bionanoparticles. The influence of the mass transport on the adsorption kinetics is modeled including a diffusional boundary layer where a helpful analytical solution has been derived. Our model framework extends previous studies to include a higher number of bonds, ranging from 1 up to 1000. An almost linear relationship between the number of bonds and the adsorption amount of bionanoparticles makes the model framework suitable to predict, for example, ligand density and to further assess coating performance. The proposed model framework can serve as a design tool for multivalent interaction experiments under variable process conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstraße 1, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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19
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Weigel T, Solomaier T, Wehmeyer S, Peuker A, Wolff MW, Reichl U. A membrane-based purification process for cell culture-derived influenza A virus. J Biotechnol 2015; 220:12-20. [PMID: 26712479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple membrane-based purification process for cell culture-derived influenza virus was established that relies on only two chromatographic unit operations to achieve the contamination limits required according to regulatory authorities. After clarification and concentration, a pseudo-affinity membrane adsorber (sulfated cellulose, SCMA) was applied for virus capture. The subsequent polishing step consisted of a salt-tolerant anion exchange membrane adsorber (STMA) to bind residual DNA. For the presented process neither a buffer exchange step nor a nuclease step for further DNA digestion were required. As a starting point, a two-salt strategy (including a polyvalent ion) was employed to screen STMA conditions in a 96-well plate format. After optimization on chromatographic laboratory scale, the virus recovery was up to 97% with a residual DNA level below 0.82%. In addition, the STMA was characterized regarding its dynamic binding capacity and the impact of flow rate on yields and contamination levels. Overall, the total virus yield for influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1/N1) of this two-step membrane process was 75%, while the protein and the DNA contamination level could be reduced to 24% and at least 0.5%, respectively. With 19.8μg protein and 1.2ng DNA per monovalent dose, this purity level complies with the limits of the European Pharmacopeia for cell culture-derived vaccines for human use. Overall, the presented downstream process might serve as a generic and economic platform technology for production of cell culture-derived viruses and viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weigel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Solomaier
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Sciences, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wehmeyer
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Biotechnology, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alessa Peuker
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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20
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Serve A, Pieler MM, Benndorf D, Rapp E, Wolff MW, Reichl U. Comparison of Influenza Virus Particle Purification Using Magnetic Sulfated Cellulose Particles with an Established Centrifugation Method for Analytics. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10708-11. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Serve
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Martin Pieler
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Benndorf
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Werner Wolff
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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21
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Nestola P, Peixoto C, Silva RRJS, Alves PM, Mota JPB, Carrondo MJT. Improved virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:843-57. [PMID: 25677990 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The downstream processing of virus particles for vaccination or gene therapy is becoming a critical bottleneck as upstream titers keep improving. Moreover, the growing pressure to develop cost-efficient processes has brought forward new downstream trains. This review aims at analyzing the state-of-the-art in viral downstream purification processes, encompassing the classical unit operations and their recent developments. Emphasis is given to novel strategies for process intensification, such as continuous or semi-continuous systems based on multicolumn technology, opening up process efficiency. Process understanding in the light of the pharmaceutical quality by design (QbD) initiative is also discussed. Finally, an outlook of the upcoming breakthrough technologies is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiuseppe Nestola
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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22
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A flow-through chromatography process for influenza A and B virus purification. J Virol Methods 2014; 207:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Efficient chromatographic reduction of ovalbumin for egg-based influenza virus purification. Vaccine 2014; 32:3721-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Kröber T, Wolff M, Hundt B, Seidel-Morgenstern A, Reichl U. Continuous purification of influenza virus using simulated moving bed chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1307:99-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Manufacturing of cell culture-derived virus particles for vaccination and gene therapy is a rapidly growing field in the biopharmaceutical industry. The process involves a number of complex tasks and unit operations ranging from selection of host cells and virus strains for the cultivation in bioreactors to the purification and formulation of the final product. For the majority of cell culture-derived products, efforts focused on maximization of bioreactor yields, whereas design and optimization of downstream processes were often neglected. Owing to this biased focus, downstream procedures today often constitute a bottleneck in various manufacturing processes and account for the majority of the overall production costs. For efficient production methods, particularly in sight of constantly increasing economic pressure within human healthcare systems, highly productive downstream schemes have to be developed. Here, we discuss unit operations and downstream trains to purify virus particles for use as vaccines and vectors for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Wolf
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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26
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He C, Yang Z, Tong K. Downstream processing of Vero cell-derived human influenza A virus (H1N1) grown in serum-free medium. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5279-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Wolff MW, Siewert C, Hansen SP, Faber R, Reichl U. Purification of cell culture-derived modified vaccinia ankara virus by pseudo-affinity membrane adsorbers and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 107:312-20. [PMID: 20506129 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A purification scheme for cell culture-derived smallpox vaccines based on an orthogonal downstream process of pseudo-affinity membrane adsorbers (MA) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) was investigated. The applied pseudo-affinity chromatography, based on reinforced sulfated cellulose and heparin-MA, was optimized in terms of dynamic binding capacities, virus yield and process productivity. HIC was introduced as a subsequent method to further reduce the DNA content. Therefore, two screens were undertaken. First, several HIC ligands were screened for different adsorption behavior between virus particles and DNA. Second, elution from pseudo-affinity MA and adsorption of virus particles onto the hydrophobic interaction matrix was explored by a series of buffers using different ammonium sulfate concentrations. Eventually, variations between different cultivation batches and buffer conditions were investigated.The most promising combination, a sulfated cellulose membrane adsorber with subsequent phenyl HIC resulted in overall virus particle recoveries ranging from 76% to 55% depending on the product batch and applied conditions. On average, 61% of the recovered virus particles were infective within all tested purification schemes and conditions. Final DNA content varied from 0.01% to 2.5% of the starting material and the level of contaminating protein was below 0.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Wolff
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse. 1, Magdeburg, Germany.
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28
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Wolff MW, Siewert C, Lehmann S, Hansen SP, Djurup R, Faber R, Reichl U. Capturing of cell culture-derived modified Vaccinia Ankara virus by ion exchange and pseudo-affinity membrane adsorbers. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 105:761-9. [PMID: 19891005 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Smallpox is an acute, highly infectious viral disease unique to humans, and responsible for an estimated 300-500 million deaths in the 20th century. Following successful vaccination campaigns through the 19th and 20th centuries, smallpox was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization in 1980. However, the threat of using smallpox as a biological weapon prompted efforts of some governments to produce smallpox vaccines for emergency preparedness. An additional aspect for the interest in smallpox virus is its potential use as a platform technology for vector vaccines. In particular, the latter requires a high safety level for routine applications. IMVAMUNE, a third generation smallpox vaccine based on the attenuated Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus, demonstrates superior safety compared to earlier generations and represents therefore an interesting choice as viral vector. Current downstream production processes of Vaccinia virus and MVA are mainly based on labor-intensive centrifugation and filtration methods, requiring expensive nuclease treatment in order to achieve sufficient low host-cell DNA levels for human vaccines. This study compares different ion exchange and pseudo-affinity membrane adsorbers (MA) to capture chicken embryo fibroblast cell-derived MVA-BN after cell homogenization and clarification. In parallel, the overall performance of classical bead-based resin chromatography (Cellufine sulfate and Toyopearl AF-Heparin) was investigated. The two tested pseudo-affinity MA (i.e., sulfated cellulose and heparin) were superior over the applied ion exchange MA in terms of virus yield and contaminant depletion. Furthermore, studies confirmed an expected increase in productivity resulting from the increased volume throughput of MA compared to classical bead-based column chromatography methods. Overall virus recovery was approximately 60% for both pseudo-affinity MA and the Cellufine sulfate resin. Depletion of total protein ranged between 86% and 102% for all tested matrices. Remaining dsDNA in the product fraction varied between 24% and 7% for the pseudo-affinity chromatography materials. Cellufine sulfate and the reinforced sulfated cellulose MA achieved the lowest dsDNA product contamination. Finally, by a combination of pseudo-affinity with anion exchange MA a further reduction of host-cell DNA was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Wolff
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.
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29
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Biotech paper & market watch. Biotechnol J 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200890071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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