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Ahmed S, Eder SJ, Dörr N, Martini A. Tracking Thermo-Oxidation Reaction Products and Pathways of Modified Lignin Structures from Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38918082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Thermo-oxidation of biomass is an important process that occurs through a variety of reaction pathways depending on the chemical nature of the molecules and reaction conditions. These processes can be modeled using reactive molecular dynamics to study chemical reactions and the evolution of converted molecules over time. The advantage of this approach is that many molecules can be modeled, but it is challenging to use the large amount of data obtained from such a simulation to determine reaction products and pathways. In this study, we developed a tracking approach to identify the reaction pathways of the dominant reaction products from reactive molecular dynamics simulations. We demonstrated the approach for thermo-oxidation reactions of modified model lignin compounds. For two modified lignin structures, we tracked the evolving chemical species to find the most common reaction products. Subsequently, we monitored specific bonds to determine the individual steps in the reaction process. This combined approach of reactive molecular dynamics and tracking enabled us to identify the most likely thermo-oxidation pathways. The methodology can be used to investigate the thermo-oxidative pathways of a wider range of chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - S J Eder
- AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2/C, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Institute of Engineering Design and Product Development, TU Wien, Lehárgasse 6 - Objekt 7, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - N Dörr
- AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2/C, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - A Martini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
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2
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Christoph E, Yu L, Newby SD, Rivera Orsini MA, Scroggins J, Keffer DJ, Harper DP, Dhar M. Novel Kraft Softwood Lignin-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Cytocompatibility. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1029. [PMID: 38921905 PMCID: PMC11206522 DOI: 10.3390/nano14121029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been investigated for biomedical applications in medical imaging due to their fluorescent properties, overall long-term stability, and excellent cytocompatibility and biocompatibility. Lignin is an organic polymer in the tissues of woody plants. It is also considered a byproduct of the wood and pulp industries. Hence, it presents as a renewable source of carbon nanoparticles. In this study, we report the synthesis and material and biological characterization of two colloidal suspensions of CQDs in water derived from lignin-based carbon. One was the native form of CQDs derived from lignin carbon, and the second was doped with nitrogen to evaluate material differences. Material characterization was carried out using various commonly used techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), emission and absorbance spectra, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thin films of CQDs were formed on glass and silicon substrates to assess the in vitro cytocompatibility with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Observations suggest that the two forms of CQDs promote cell attachment within 24 h and sustain it for at least 7 days. The overall structure and shape of cells suggest a lack of any adverse or toxic effects of CQDs. The data lay down the novel foundation to support the use of lignin-derived CQDs in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Christoph
- Material Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (E.C.); (L.Y.); (J.S.); (D.J.K.)
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (S.D.N.); (M.A.R.O.)
| | - Lu Yu
- Material Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (E.C.); (L.Y.); (J.S.); (D.J.K.)
| | - Steven D. Newby
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (S.D.N.); (M.A.R.O.)
| | - Michael A. Rivera Orsini
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (S.D.N.); (M.A.R.O.)
| | - Jakob Scroggins
- Material Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (E.C.); (L.Y.); (J.S.); (D.J.K.)
| | - David J. Keffer
- Material Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (E.C.); (L.Y.); (J.S.); (D.J.K.)
| | - David P. Harper
- Center for Renewable Carbon, School for Natural Resources, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Madhu Dhar
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (S.D.N.); (M.A.R.O.)
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3
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Riddell LA, de Peinder P, Polizzi V, Vanbroekhoven K, Meirer F, Bruijnincx PCA. Predicting Molecular Weight Characteristics of Reductively Depolymerized Lignins by ATR-FTIR and Chemometrics. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:8968-8977. [PMID: 38872958 PMCID: PMC11167637 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c03100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Recent scientific advances in the valorization of lignin, through e.g., (partial-)catalytic depolymerization, require equally state-of-the-art approaches for the analysis of the obtained depolymerized lignins (DLs) or lignin bio-oils. The use of chemometrics in combination with infrared (IR) spectroscopy is one avenue to provide rapid access to pertinent lignin parameters, such as molecular weight (MW) characteristics, which typically require analysis via time-consuming size-exclusion methods, or diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy. Importantly, MW serves as a marker for the degree of depolymerization (or recondensation) that the lignin has undergone, and thus probing this parameter is essential for the optimization of depolymerization conditions to achieve DLs with desired properties. Here, we show that our ATR-IR-based chemometrics approach used previously for technical lignin analysis can be extended to analyze these more processed, lignin-derived samples as well. Remarkably, also at this lower end of the MW scale, the use of partial least-squares (PLS) regression models well-predicted the MW parameters for a sample set of 57 depolymerized lignins, with relative errors of 9.9-11.2%. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) showed good correspondence with features in the regression vectors for each of the biomass classes (hardwood, herbaceous/grass, and softwood) obtained from PLS-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Overall, we show that the IR spectra of DLs are still amenable to chemometric analysis and specifically to rapid, predictive characterization of their MW, circumventing the time-consuming, tedious, and not generally accessible methods typically employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Riddell
- Faculty
of Science, Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable
and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University
institution, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Peter de Peinder
- Faculty
of Science, Inorganic Chemistry & Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable
and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands
- VibSpec, Haaftenlaan 28, Tiel 4006
XL, The Netherlands
| | - Viviana Polizzi
- Sustainable
Polymer Technologies team, Materials & Chemistry unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Karolien Vanbroekhoven
- Sustainable
Polymer Technologies team, Materials & Chemistry unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Florian Meirer
- Faculty
of Science, Inorganic Chemistry & Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable
and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx
- Faculty
of Science, Organic Chemistry & Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable
and Circular Chemistry, Utrecht University
institution, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands
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4
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Prothmann J, Molins-Delgado D, Braune A, Sandahl M, Turner C, Spégel P. Examining functional group-dependent effects on the ionization of lignin monomers using supercritical fluid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05358-x. [PMID: 38829383 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The chemical and biological conversion of biomass-derived lignin is a promising pathway for producing valuable low molecular weight aromatic chemicals, such as vanillin or guaiacol, known as lignin monomers (LMs). Various methods employing chromatography and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) have been developed for LM analysis, but the impact of LM chemical properties on analytical performance remains unclear. This study systematically optimized ESI efficiency for 24 selected LMs, categorized by functionality. Fractional factorial designs were employed for each LM to assess ESI parameter effects on ionization efficiency using ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography/ESI-MS (UHPSFC/ESI-MS). Molecular descriptors were also investigated to explain variations in ESI parameter responses and chromatographic retention among the LMs. Structural differences among LMs led to complex optimal ESI settings. Notably, LMs with two methoxy groups benefited from higher gas and sheath gas temperatures, likely due to their lower log P and higher desolvation energy requirements. Similarly, vinyl acids and ketones showed advantages at elevated gas temperatures. The retention in UHPSFC using a diol stationary phase was correlated with the number of hydrogen bond donors. In summary, this study elucidates structural features influencing chromatographic retention and ESI efficiency in LMs. The findings can aid in developing analytical methods for specific technical lignins. However, the absence of an adequate number of LM standards limits the prediction of LM structures solely based on ESI performance data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Prothmann
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Molins-Delgado
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Braune
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden.
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5
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Wang X, Wu Y, Yue C, Song Y, Shen Z, Zhang Y. Enhanced adsorption of dye wastewater by low-temperature combined NaOH/urea pretreated hydrochar: Fabrication, performance, and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:32800-32812. [PMID: 38664320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The highly stable biomass structure formed by cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin results in incomplete conversion and carbonization under hydrothermal conditions. In this study, pretreated corn straw hydrochar (PCS-HC) was prepared using a low-temperature alkali/urea combination pretreatment method. The Mass loss rate of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin from pretreated biomass, as well as the effects of the pretreatment method on the physicochemical properties of PCS-HC and the adsorption performance of PCS-HC for alkaline dyes (rhodamine B and methylene blue), were investigated. The results showed that the low-temperature NaOH/urea pretreatment effectively disrupted the stable structure formed by cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. NaOH played a dominant role in solubilizing cellulose and the combination of low temperature and urea enhanced the ability of NaOH to remove cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Compared to the untreated hydrochar, PCS-HC exhibited a rougher surface, a more abundant pore structure, and a larger specific surface area. The unpretreated hydrochar exhibited an adsorption capacity of 64.8% for rhodamine B and 66.32% for methylene blue. However, the removal of rhodamine B and methylene blue by PCS-BC increased to 89.12% and 90.71%, respectively, under the optimal pretreatment conditions. The PCS-HC exhibited a favorable adsorption capacity within the pH range of 6-9. However, the presence of co-existing anions such as Cl-, SO42-, CO32-, and NO3- hindered the adsorption capacity of PCS-HC. Among these anions, CO32- exhibited the highest level of inhibition. Chemisorption, including complexation, electrostatic attraction, and hydrogen bonding, were the primary mechanism for dye adsorption by PCS-HC. This study provides an efficient method for utilizing agricultural waste and treating dye wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Institute of New Rural Development, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- Institute of New Rural Development, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Chang Yue
- Institute of New Rural Development, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Yuanbo Song
- Institute of New Rural Development, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Zheng Shen
- Institute of New Rural Development, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China.
- Shanghai Research Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and SewageTreatment Technology, Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yalei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and SewageTreatment Technology, Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Yu S, He J, Zhang Z, Sun Z, Xie M, Xu Y, Bie X, Li Q, Zhang Y, Sevilla M, Titirici MM, Zhou H. Towards Negative Emissions: Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass for Sustainable Carbon Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307412. [PMID: 38251820 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The contemporary production of carbon materials heavily relies on fossil fuels, contributing significantly to the greenhouse effect. Biomass is a carbon-neutral resource whose organic carbon is formed from atmospheric CO2. Employing biomass as a precursor for synthetic carbon materials can fix atmospheric CO2 into solid materials, achieving negative carbon emissions. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) presents an attractive method for converting biomass into carbon materials, by which biomass can be transformed into materials with favorable properties in a distinct hydrothermal environment, and these carbon materials have made extensive progress in many fields. However, the HTC of biomass is a complex and interdisciplinary problem, involving simultaneously the physical properties of the underlying biomass and sub/supercritical water, the chemical mechanisms of hydrothermal synthesis, diverse applications of resulting carbon materials, and the sustainability of the entire technological routes. This review starts with the analysis of biomass composition and distinctive characteristics of the hydrothermal environment. Then, the factors influencing the HTC of biomass, the reaction mechanism, and the properties of resulting carbon materials are discussed in depth, especially the different formation mechanisms of primary and secondary hydrochars. Furthermore, the application and sustainability of biomass-derived carbon materials are summarized, and some insights into future directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Jiangkai He
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Zhien Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zhuohua Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Mengyin Xie
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yongqing Xu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Bie
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Qinghai Li
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yanguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Marta Sevilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono (INCAR), CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe 26, Oviedo, 33011, Spain
| | | | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
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7
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Wörner M, Werner L, Hornung U, Islongo Canabarro N, Baudouin D, Dahmen N. The Impact of Sulfur-Containing Inorganic Compounds during the Depolymerization of Lignin by Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Black Liquor. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2024; 38:6036-6047. [PMID: 38595992 PMCID: PMC11000222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c04737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Lignin is a promising resource for the sustainable production of platform chemicals and biofuels. The paper industry produces large quantities of lignin every year, mostly dissolved in a black liquor. With the help of hydrothermal liquefaction, black liquor can be used directly as a feedstock to depolymerize the lignin to desired products. However, because various cooking chemicals (e.g., NaHS, NaOH) used in the Kraft process, dominant in the paper industry, are also dissolved in the black liquor, it is necessary to study in detail their influence on the process as well as their fate. In this work, the focus was on the fate of sulfur and the influence of sulfide (HS-). For this purpose, hydrothermal liquefaction experiments (250-400 °C) were carried out with black liquor and self-prepared model black liquor with different sulfide concentrations (0-3 g·L-1 HS-) in batch reactors (V = 25 mL), and the products were analyzed to understand the chemical pathways involving sulfur. It was found that the inorganic sulfur compounds react with organic matter to produce organic sulfur compounds. Dimethyl sulfide is the most abundant of these products. The HS- concentration correlates with the amount of dimethyl sulfide produced. Because methanethiol has also been qualitatively detected, the reaction mechanism of Karnofski et al. for the formation of dimethyl sulfide in the Kraft process also applies to the hydrothermal liquefaction of black liquor. Increased sulfide concentration in the feed leads to an accelerated depolymerization of lignin. In contrast, the yields of some aromatic monomers decrease slightly, possibly as a result of repolymerization reactions also occurring more quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Wörner
- Institute
of Catalysis Research and Development (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Lukas Werner
- Institute
of Catalysis Research and Development (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Ursel Hornung
- Institute
of Catalysis Research and Development (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Nicholas Islongo Canabarro
- Bioenergy
and Catalysis Laboratory (LBK), Paul-Scherrer-Institute
(PSI), Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - David Baudouin
- Bioenergy
and Catalysis Laboratory (LBK), Paul-Scherrer-Institute
(PSI), Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Nicolaus Dahmen
- Institute
of Catalysis Research and Development (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
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8
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Ewuzie RN, Genza JR, Abdullah AZ. Review of the application of bimetallic catalysts coupled with internal hydrogen donor for catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin to produce phenolic fine chemicals. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131084. [PMID: 38521312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass contains lignin, an aromatic and oxygenated substance and a potential method for lignin utilization is achieved through catalytic conversion into useful phenolic and aromatic monomers. The application of monometallic catalysts for lignin hydrogenolysis reaction remains one of the major reasons for the underutilization of lignin to produce valuable chemicals. Monometallic catalysts have many limitations such as limited catalytic sites for interacting with different lignin linkages, poor catalytic activity, low lignin conversion, and low product selectivity. It is due to lack of synergy with other metallic catalysts that can enhance the catalytic activity, stability, selectivity, and overall catalytic performance. To overcome these limitations, works on the application of bimetallic catalysts that can offer higher activity, selectivity, and stability have been initiated. In this review, cutting-edge insights into the catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin, focusing on the production of phenolic and aromatic monomers using bimetallic catalysts within an internal hydrogen donor solvent are discussed. The contribution of this work lies in a critical discussion of recent reported findings, in-depth analyses of reaction mechanisms, optimal conditions, and emerging trends in lignin catalytic hydrogenolysis. The specific effects of catalytic active components on the reaction outcomes are also explored. Additionally, this review extends beyond current knowledge, offering forward-looking suggestions for utilizing lignin as a raw material in the production of valuable products across various industrial processes. This work not only consolidates existing knowledge but also introduces novel perspectives, paving the way for future advancements in lignin utilization and catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackson Robinson Genza
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
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9
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Adnane I, Taoumi H, Elouahabi K, Lahrech K, Oulmekki A. Valorization of crop residues and animal wastes: Anaerobic co-digestion technology. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26440. [PMID: 38439870 PMCID: PMC10909651 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To switch the over-reliance on fossil-based resources, curb environmental quality deterioration, and promote the use of renewable fuels, much attention has recently been directed toward the implementation of sustainable and environmentally benign 'waste-to-energy' technology exploiting a clean, inexhaustible, carbon-neutral, and renewable energy source, namely agricultural biomass. From this perspective, anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) technology emerges as a potent and plausible approach to attain sustainable energy development, foster environmental sustainability, and, most importantly, circumvent the key challenges associated with mono-digestion. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of AcoD as a biochemical valorization pathway of crop residues and livestock manure for biogas production. Furthermore, this manuscript aims to assess the different biotic and abiotic parameters affecting co-digestion efficiency and present recent advancements in pretreatment technologies designed to enhance feedstock biodegradability and conversion rate. It can be concluded that the substantial quantities of crop residues and animal waste generated annually from agricultural practices represent valuable bioenergy resources that can contribute to meeting global targets for affordable renewable energy. Nevertheless, extensive and multidisciplinary research is needed to evolve the industrial-scale implementation of AcoD technology of livestock waste and crop residues, particularly when a pretreatment phase is included, and bridge the gap between small-scale studies and real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Adnane
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), IPI Laboratory, ENS, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hamza Taoumi
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), IPI Laboratory, ENS, Fez, Morocco
| | - Karim Elouahabi
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), IPI Laboratory, ENS, Fez, Morocco
| | - Khadija Lahrech
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), ENSA, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Oulmekki
- Laboratory of Processes, Materials and Environment (LPME), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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10
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Rojas SD, Rafaela G, Espinoza-Villalobos N, Diaz-Droguett DE, Salazar-González R, Caceres-Jensen L, Escalona N, Barrientos L. Role of Nb 2O 5 Crystal Phases on the Photocatalytic Conversion of Lignin Model Molecules and Selectivity for Value-Added Products. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202301594. [PMID: 38452280 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The photocatalytic conversion in aqueous media of phenol and guaiacol as a lignin model compound using Nb2O5 with different crystal phases was studied. Nb2O5 particles were synthesized using hydrothermal methods, where it was observed that changes in the solvent control their morphology and crystal phase. Different photocatalytic behavior of Nb2O5 was observed with the selected model compounds, indicating that its selection directly impacts the resulting conversion and selectivity rates as well as the reaction pathway, highlighting the relevance of model molecule selection. Photocatalytic conversion of phenol showed conversion rate (C%) up to 25 % after 2 h irradiation and high selectivity (S%) to pyrogallol (up to 50 %). Orthorhombic Nb2O5 spheres favored conversion through free hydroxyl radicals while monoclinic rods did not convert phenol. Guaiacol photocatalytic oxidation showed high conversion rate but lower selectivity. Orthorhombic and monoclinic Nb2O5 favored the formation of resorcinol with S % ~0.43 % (C % ~33 %) and ~13 % (C % ~27 %) respectively. The mixture of both phases enhanced the guaiacol conversion rate to ~55 % with ~17 % of selectivity to salicylaldehyde. The use of radical scavengers provided information to elucidate the reaction pathway for these model compounds, showing that different reaction pathways may be obtained for the same photocatalyst if the model compound is changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana D Rojas
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
- Current Address: Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 1786, Valparaíso, Chile
- Gran Avenida 4160, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Rafaela
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Espinoza-Villalobos
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Donovan E Diaz-Droguett
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Energía UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Salazar-González
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lizethly Caceres-Jensen
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica & Analítica (PachemLab), Nucleus of Computational Thinking and Education for Sustainable Development (NuCES), Center for Research in Education (CIE-UMCE), Departamento de Química, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Avenida José Pedro Alessandri 774, Ñuñoa, Santiago, 776019, Chile
| | - Néstor Escalona
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nuclei on Catalytic Processes Towards Sustainable Chemistry (CSC), Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Barrientos
- Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nuclei on Catalytic Processes Towards Sustainable Chemistry (CSC), Santiago, Chile
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11
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Gong L, Zhang CY, Li J, Montaña-Mora G, Botifoll M, Guo T, Arbiol J, Zhou JY, Kallio T, Martínez-Alanis PR, Cabot A. Enhanced Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Benzaldehyde to Benzyl Alcohol on Pd@Ni-MOF by Modifying the Adsorption Configuration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6948-6957. [PMID: 38305160 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) approaches under ambient temperature and pressure offer significant potential advantages over thermal hydrogenation processes but require highly active and efficient hydrogenation electrocatalysts. The performance of such hydrogenation electrocatalysts strongly depends not only on the active phase but also on the architecture and surface chemistry of the support material. Herein, Pd nanoparticles supported on a nickel metal-organic framework (MOF), Ni-MOF-74, are prepared, and their activity toward the ECH of benzaldehyde (BZH) in a 3 M acetate (pH 5.2) aqueous electrolyte is explored. An outstanding ECH rate up to 283 μmol cm-2 h-1 with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 76% is reached. Besides, higher FEs of up to 96% are achieved using a step-function voltage. Materials Studio and density functional theory calculations show these outstanding performances to be associated with the Ni-MOF support that promotes H-bond formation, facilitates water desorption, and induces favorable tilted BZH adsorption on the surface of the Pd nanoparticles. In this configuration, BZH is bonded to the Pd surface by the carbonyl group rather than through the aromatic ring, thus reducing the energy barriers of the elemental reaction steps and increasing the overall reaction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research─IREC Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Chao Yue Zhang
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research─IREC Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education & School of Physical Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junshan Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Guillem Montaña-Mora
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research─IREC Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marc Botifoll
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiezhu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Structures, Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jordi Arbiol
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies─ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Jin Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education & School of Physical Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tanja Kallio
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | | | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research─IREC Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona 08930, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies─ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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12
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Warale D, Shabeena M, Prabhu A, Kouser S, Manasa DJ, Nagaraja GK. Sustainable organosolv-lignin coated nanosilver-halloysites reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites for wound healing application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128628. [PMID: 38065442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This study involves the fabrication of innovative poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite films by incorporating silver-embedded clay nanotubes with organosolv-lignin by the solution casting approach. The confirmation of this procedure was achieved through the utilisation of many techniques, including FTIR, PXRD, FE-SEM, and TGA. The aforementioned research have verified the adherence of silver nanoparticles to the surface of raw halloysites. The confirmation of lignin functionalization on these nanotubes has been established. This novel nanofiller was used to make a range of nanocomposite films with varying weight percentages ranging from 0 wt% to 5 wt%. With the increase in the wt% of nanofillers, These nanocomposite films exhibited greater thermal and mechanical stability compared to plain PVA. An investigation was conducted to examine the impact of the films on the cellular behaviour of murine fibroblast (NIH3T3) cell lines. Based on the findings from cell proliferation and scratch testing, it has been determined that these nanocomposite films are not harmful to cells, exhibit a greater rate of cell multiplication (116 ± 1.19), and demonstrate increased migratory capabilities (86.5 ± 0.50). Further investigations of human blood corroborate the evidence that these films are compatible with blood. Nanocomposite films have the potential to serve as wound healers following pre-clinical and clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Warale
- Department of Post-graduate studies & Research in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, D.K., Karnataka, India
| | - M Shabeena
- Department of Post-graduate studies & Research in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, D.K., Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwini Prabhu
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Sabia Kouser
- Department of Chemistry, Karnataka Science college & PG Studies, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
| | - D J Manasa
- Department of Studies in Botany, Davanagere University, Shivagangothri, 577007 Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - G K Nagaraja
- Department of Post-graduate studies & Research in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, D.K., Karnataka, India.
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13
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Zhou F, Wang H, Wang S, Zhao J, Qu X, Wang D, Cai Y, Zheng Z, Wang D, Yin H. Balancing the Components of Biomass and the Reactivity of Pyrolysis Gas: Biomass-Assisted Recycling of Spent LiCoO 2 Batteries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2102-2111. [PMID: 38238255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Waste biomass is one of the promising feedstocks to supply syngas that can be used as fuels, chemicals, reductants, etc. However, the relationship between the component of biomass and the constituent of pyrolysis gas remains unclear. Here, we study the pyrolysis behaviors of various biomasses and reveal the relationship between the biomass components and gas compositions. Further, different pyrolysis gases are applied for the reduction of spent lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) below 500 °C. The pyrolysis gas with a higher concentration of CO has a higher reductivity to convert LiCoO2 to CoO and Li2CO3 with a conversion rate close to 100% in 1 h at 500 °C. The biomass rich in cellulose and with a lower content of lignin tends to produce pyrolysis gas with a high concentration of CO, which comes from the deliberate breakdown of carboxyl, carbonyl, ether, and ester linkages. Moreover, LiCoO2 exerts catalytic functions over the deoxygenation and enhancement of oxygenates and single-ring aromatics. Overall, this paper offers a tailored approach to regulating biomass pyrolysis gases, enabling highly efficient battery recycling and syngas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyin Zhou
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hongya Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xin Qu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Cai
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Zheng
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Dihua Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resources and Energy, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Huayi Yin
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resources and Energy, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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14
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Kim D, Kim JC, Kim J, Cho YM, Yoon CH, Shin JH, Kwak HW, Choi IG. Enhancement of elongation at break and UV-protective properties of poly(lactic acid) film with cationic ring opening polymerized (CROP)-lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127293. [PMID: 37806424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the intrinsic brittleness of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was overcome by chemical modification using ethyl acetate-extracted lignin (EL) via cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP). The CROP was conducted to promote homopolymerization under starvation of the initiator (oxyrane). This method resulted in the formation of lignin-based polyether (LPE). LPE exhibited enhanced interfacial compatibility with nonpolar and hydrophobic PLA owing to the fewer hydrophilic hydroxyl groups and a long polyether chain. In addition, because of the UV-protecting and radical-scavenging abilities of lignin, LPE/PLA exhibited multifunctional properties, resulting in improved chemical properties compared with the neat PLA film. Notably, one of the LPE/PLA films (EL_MCF) exhibited excellent elongation at break of 297.7 % and toughness of 39.92 MJ/m3. Furthermore, the EL_MCF film showed superior UV-protective properties of 99.52 % in UVA and 88.95 % in UVB ranges, both significantly higher than those of the PLA film, without sacrificing significant transparency in 515 nm. In addition, the radical scavenging activity improved after adding LPE to the PLA film. These results suggest that LPEs can be used as plasticizing additives in LPE/PLA composite films, offering improved physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daye Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Kim
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Cho
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Hwi Yoon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Shin
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Won Kwak
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Choi
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Miroshnikova AV, Baryshnikov SV, Malyar YN, Li X, Alekseeva MV, Kuznetsov BN, Taran OP. Depolymerization of Pine Wood Organosolv Lignin in Ethanol Medium over NiCu/SiO 2 and NiCuMo/SiO 2 Catalysts: Impact of Temperature and Catalyst Composition. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4722. [PMID: 38139973 PMCID: PMC10747262 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of thermocatalytic conversion of pine ethanol lignin in supercritical ethanol was studied over NiCu/SiO2 and NiCuMo/SiO2 catalysts bearing 8.8 and 11.7 wt.% of Mo. The structure and composition of ethanol lignin and the products of its thermocatalytic conversion were characterized via 2D-HSQC NMR spectroscopy, GC-MC. The main aromatic monomers among the liquid products of ethanol lignin conversion were alkyl derivatives of guaiacol (propyl guaiacol, ethyl guaiacol and methyl guaiacol). The total of the monomers yield in this case was 12.1 wt.%. The temperature elevation up to 350 °C led to a slight decrease in the yield (to 11.8 wt.%) and a change in the composition of monomeric compounds. Alkyl derivatives of pyrocatechol, phenol and benzene were observed to form due to deoxygenation processes. The ratio of the yields of these compounds depended on the catalyst, namely, on the content of Mo in the catalyst composition. Thus, the distribution of monomeric compounds used in various industries can be controlled by varying the catalyst composition and the process conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina V. Miroshnikova
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50, Bld. 24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (S.V.B.); (Y.N.M.); (B.N.K.)
- Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science, Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, Pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia;
| | - Sergey V. Baryshnikov
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50, Bld. 24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (S.V.B.); (Y.N.M.); (B.N.K.)
| | - Yuriy N. Malyar
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50, Bld. 24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (S.V.B.); (Y.N.M.); (B.N.K.)
- Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science, Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, Pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia;
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science, Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, Pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia;
| | - Maria V. Alekseeva
- Federal Research Center “Boreskov Institute of Catalysis”, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
| | - Boris N. Kuznetsov
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50, Bld. 24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (S.V.B.); (Y.N.M.); (B.N.K.)
- Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science, Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, Pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia;
| | - Oxana P. Taran
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50, Bld. 24, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; (S.V.B.); (Y.N.M.); (B.N.K.)
- Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science, Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, Pr. Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia;
- Federal Research Center “Boreskov Institute of Catalysis”, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
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16
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Joseph P, Tanase-Opedal M, Moe ST. Polymer properties of softwood organosolv lignins produced in two different reactor systems. Biopolymers 2023; 114:e23566. [PMID: 37795978 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, the second most abundant biopolymer on earth and with a predominantly aromatic structure, has the potential to be a raw material for valuable chemicals and other bio-based chemicals. In industry, lignin is underutilized by being used mostly as a fuel for producing thermal energy. Valorization of lignin requires knowledge of the structure and different linkages in the isolated lignin, making the study of structure of lignin important. In this article, lignin samples isolated from two types of reactors (autoclave reactor and displacement reactor) were analyzed by FT-IR, size exclusion chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Py-GC-MS. The average molecular mass of the organosolv lignins isolated from the autoclave reactor decreased at higher severities, and FT-IR showed an increase in free phenolic content with increasing severity. Except for molecular mass and molecular mass dispersity, there were only minor differences between lignins isolated from the autoclave reactor and lignins isolated from the displacement reactor. Carbohydrate analysis, Py-GC-MS and TGA showed that the lignin isolated using either of the reactor systems is of high purity, suggesting that organosolv lignin is a good candidate for valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajin Joseph
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Størker T Moe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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17
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Mukhtar H, Ullah N, Younas M, Feroze N, Ali N, Fatehizadeh A, Rezakazemi M. Torrefaction interpretation through morphological and chemical transformations of agro-waste to porous carbon-based biofuel. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115426. [PMID: 37683430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, two agro-waste lignocellulosic corncob (CC) and rice husk (RH) were thermally torrefied at 200-300 °C into a porous carbon-enriched biofuel. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of produced biofuel confirmed the rounded, homogenous, and spherical structure of the produced biofuels with higher porosity at a temperature between 250 and 300 °C with 60 min retention time. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis indicated the high surface area (CC: 1.19-2.87 m2 g-1 and RH: 1.22-2.67 m2 g-1) and pore volume (CC: 1.23-2.81 ×10-3 m3 g-1 and RH: 1.46-2.58 ×10-3 m3 g-1). Crystallinity index decline percent (CC= 62.87% and RH=57.10%) estimated thermal stability and rise in amorphous cellulose reformation during (250-300 °C)/60 min that would efficiently hydrolyze during oxidative pyrolysis carbon reactive sites the rise in surface area and total pore's volume, having higher conversion rate as compared to raw materials. Carbon content was upgraded to 94% by eliminating hydrogen and oxygen from lignocellulosic agro-waste to produce energy-dense CC and RH. The lignin macromolecule transformation extent was estimated by O/C trend, which was equal to 63% and 47% for CC and RH, respectively, at 300 °C for 60 min. Due to low bulk density and pre-grinding energy requirements, torrefied biofuel with decomposed fibrous structure have lower transportation costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Mukhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering & Fertilizer Research, 38090 Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Nehar Ullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Chemical and Industrial Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, 25120 Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Younas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Chemical and Industrial Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, 25120 Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Nadeem Feroze
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Najaf Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering & Fertilizer Research, 38090 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Fatehizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mashallah Rezakazemi
- Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
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18
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Robles-Machuca M, Aviles-Mejía L, Romero-Soto IC, Rodríguez JA, Armenta-Pérez VP, Camacho-Ruiz MA. Cloning, expression, and biochemical characterization of β-etherase LigF from Altererythrobacter sp. B11. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21006. [PMID: 37916079 PMCID: PMC10616338 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin, a complex heteropolymer present in plant cell walls, is now recognized as a valuable renewable resource with potential applications in various industries. The lignin biorefinery concept, which aims to convert lignin into value-added products, has gained significant attention in recent years. β-etherases, enzymes that selectively cleave β-O-4 aryl ether bonds in lignin, have shown promise in lignin depolymerization. In this study, the β-etherase LigF from Altererythrobacter sp. B11 was cloned, expressed, purified, and biochemically characterized. The LigF-AB11 enzyme exhibited optimal activity at 32 °C and pH 8.5 when catalyzing the substrate PNP-AV. The enzyme displayed mesophilic behavior and demonstrated higher activity at moderate temperatures. Stability analysis revealed that LigF-AB11 was not thermostable, with a complete loss of activity at 60 °C within an hour. Moreover, LigF-AB11 exhibited excellent pH stability, retaining over 50 % of its activity after 1 h under pH conditions ranging from 3.0 to 11.0. Metal ions and surface impregnation agents were found to affect the enzyme's activity, highlighting the importance of considering these factors in enzymatic processes for lignin depolymerization. This study provides valuable insights into the biochemical properties of LigF-AB11 and contributes to the development of efficient enzymatic processes for lignin biorefineries. Further optimization and understanding of β-etherases will facilitate their practical application in the valorization of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Robles-Machuca
- Tecnología de Alimentos, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, 63000, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Lucero Aviles-Mejía
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biotecnología, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán, 46200, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Itzel Celeste Romero-Soto
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biotecnología, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán, 46200, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Rodríguez
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Zapopan, 45019, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Vicente Paúl Armenta-Pérez
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Zapopan, 45019, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - María Angeles Camacho-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biotecnología, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán, 46200, Jalisco, Mexico
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19
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Castro Garcia A, Cheng S, McGlynn SE, Cross JS. Machine Learning Model Insights into Base-Catalyzed Hydrothermal Lignin Depolymerization. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32078-32089. [PMID: 37692207 PMCID: PMC10483646 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, an abundant component of plant matter, can be depolymerized into renewable aromatic chemicals and biofuels but remains underutilized. Homogeneously catalyzed depolymerization in water has gained attention due to its economic feasibility and performance but suffers from inconsistently reported yields of bio-oil and solid residues. In this study, machine learning methods were used to develop predictive models for bio-oil and solid residue yields by using a few reaction variables and were subsequently validated by doing experimental work and comparing the predictions to the results. The models achieved a coefficient of determination (R2) score of 0.83 and 0.76, respectively, for bio-oil yield and solid residue. Variable importance for each model was calculated by two different methodologies and was tied to existing studies to explain the model predictive behavior. Based on the outcome of the study, the creation of concrete guidelines for reporting in lignin depolymerization studies was recommended. Shapley additive explanation value analysis reveals that temperature and reaction time are generally the strongest predictors of experimental outcomes compared to the rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Castro Garcia
- Department
of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment
and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 S6-10, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shuo Cheng
- Department
of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment
and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 S6-10, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shawn E. McGlynn
- Earth-Life
Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Blue
Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Cross
- Department
of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment
and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 S6-10, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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20
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Vasile C, Baican M. Lignins as Promising Renewable Biopolymers and Bioactive Compounds for High-Performance Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3177. [PMID: 37571069 PMCID: PMC10420922 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The recycling of biomass into high-value-added materials requires important developments in research and technology to create a sustainable circular economy. Lignin, as a component of biomass, is a multipurpose aromatic polymer with a significant potential to be used as a renewable bioresource in many fields in which it acts both as promising biopolymer and bioactive compound. This comprehensive review gives brief insights into the recent research and technological trends on the potential of lignin development and utilization. It is divided into ten main sections, starting with an outlook on its diversity; main properties and possibilities to be used as a raw material for fuels, aromatic chemicals, plastics, or thermoset substitutes; and new developments in the use of lignin as a bioactive compound and in nanoparticles, hydrogels, 3D-printing-based lignin biomaterials, new sustainable biomaterials, and energy production and storage. In each section are presented recent developments in the preparation of lignin-based biomaterials, especially the green approaches to obtaining nanoparticles, hydrogels, and multifunctional materials as blends and bio(nano)composites; most suitable lignin type for each category of the envisaged products; main properties of the obtained lignin-based materials, etc. Different application categories of lignin within various sectors, which could provide completely sustainable energy conversion, such as in agriculture and environment protection, food packaging, biomedicine, and cosmetics, are also described. The medical and therapeutic potential of lignin-derived materials is evidenced in applications such as antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor agents; carriers for drug delivery systems with controlled/targeting drug release; tissue engineering and wound healing; and coatings, natural sunscreen, and surfactants. Lignin is mainly used for fuel, and, recently, studies highlighted more sustainable bioenergy production technologies, such as the supercapacitor electrode, photocatalysts, and photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Vasile
- Romanian Academy, “P. Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Physical Chemistry of Polymers Department 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, RO700487 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Baican
- “Grigore T. Popa” Medicine and Pharmacy University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences I Department, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Physics, 16 University Street, RO700115 Iaşi, Romania;
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21
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Argyropoulos DDS, Crestini C, Dahlstrand C, Furusjö E, Gioia C, Jedvert K, Henriksson G, Hulteberg C, Lawoko M, Pierrou C, Samec JSM, Subbotina E, Wallmo H, Wimby M. Kraft Lignin: A Valuable, Sustainable Resource, Opportunities and Challenges. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202300492. [PMID: 37493340 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Kraft lignin, a by-product from the production of pulp, is currently incinerated in the recovery boiler during the chemical recovery cycle, generating valuable bioenergy and recycling inorganic chemicals to the pulping process operation. Removing lignin from the black liquor or its gasification lowers the recovery boiler load enabling increased pulp production. During the past ten years, lignin separation technologies have emerged and the interest of the research community to valorize this underutilized resource has been invigorated. The aim of this Review is to give (1) a dedicated overview of the kraft process with a focus on the lignin, (2) an overview of applications that are being developed, and (3) a techno-economic and life cycle asseeements of value chains from black liquor to different products. Overall, it is anticipated that this effort will inspire further work for developing and using kraft lignin as a commodity raw material for new applications undeniably promoting pivotal global sustainability concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris D S Argyropoulos
- Departments of Chemistry and Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Claudia Crestini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | | | - Erik Furusjö
- Division of Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lindholmspiren 7 A, SE-41756, Göteborg, Sweden
- Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, Universitetsområdet Porsön, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Claudio Gioia
- Department of physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Kerstin Jedvert
- Division of Materials and Production, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lindholmspiren 7 A, SE-41756, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Henriksson
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Hulteberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Lawoko
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clara Pierrou
- RenFuel Materials AB, Rapsgatan 25, SE-754 50, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joseph S M Samec
- Ren Fuel K2B AB, Rapsgatan 25, SE-754 50, Uppsala, Sweden
- RenFuel Materials AB, Rapsgatan 25, SE-754 50, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arhenius väg 16 C, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elena Subbotina
- Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | | - Martin Wimby
- Valmet AB, Regnbågsgatan 6, 41755, Göteborg, Sweden
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22
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Kato R, Maekawa K, Kobayashi S, Hishiyama S, Katahira R, Nambo M, Higuchi Y, Kuatsjah E, Beckham GT, Kamimura N, Masai E. Stereoinversion via Alcohol Dehydrogenases Enables Complete Catabolism of β-1-Type Lignin-Derived Aromatic Isomers. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0017123. [PMID: 37184397 PMCID: PMC10304671 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00171-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingobium sp. strain SYK-6 is an efficient aromatic catabolic bacterium that can consume all four stereoisomers of 1,2-diguaiacylpropane-1,3-diol (DGPD), which is a ring-opened β-1-type dimer. Recently, LdpA-mediated catabolism of erythro-DGPD was reported in SYK-6, but the catabolic pathway for threo-DGPD was as yet unknown. Here, we elucidated the catabolism of threo-DGPD, which proceeds through conversion to erythro-DGPD. When threo-DGPD was incubated with SYK-6, the Cα hydroxy groups of threo-DGPD (DGPD I and II) were initially oxidized to produce the Cα carbonyl form (DGPD-keto I and II). This initial oxidation step is catalyzed by Cα-dehydrogenases, which belong to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family and are involved in the catabolism of β-O-4-type dimers. Analysis of seven candidate genes revealed that NAD+-dependent LigD and LigL are mainly involved in the conversion of DGPD I and II, respectively. Next, we found that DGPD-keto I and II were reduced to erythro-DGPD (DGPD III and IV) in the presence of NADPH. Genes involved in this reduction were sought from Cα-dehydrogenase and ldpA-neighboring SDR genes. The gene products of SLG_12690 (ldpC) and SLG_12640 (ldpB) catalyzed the NADPH-dependent conversion of DGPD-keto I to DGPD III and DGPD-keto II to DGPD IV, respectively. Mutational analysis further indicated that ldpC and ldpB are predominantly involved in the reduction of DGPD-keto. Together, these results demonstrate that SYK-6 harbors a comprehensive catabolic enzyme system to utilize all four β-1-type stereoisomers through successive oxidation and reduction reactions of the Cα hydroxy group of threo-DGPD with a net stereoinversion using multiple dehydrogenases. IMPORTANCE In many catalytic depolymerization processes of lignin polymers, aryl-ether bonds are selectively cleaved, leaving carbon-carbon bonds between aromatic units intact, including dimers and oligomers with β-1 linkages. Therefore, elucidating the catabolic system of β-1-type lignin-derived compounds will aid in the establishment of biological funneling of heterologous lignin-derived aromatic compounds to value-added products. Here, we found that threo-DGPD was converted by successive stereoselective oxidation and reduction at the Cα position by multiple alcohol dehydrogenases to erythro-DGPD, which is further catabolized. This system is very similar to that developed to obtain enantiopure alcohols from racemic alcohols by artificially combining two enantiocomplementary alcohol dehydrogenases. The results presented here demonstrate that SYK-6 has evolved to catabolize all four stereoisomers of DGPD by incorporating this stereoinversion system into its native β-1-type dimer catabolic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kato
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kodai Maekawa
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shota Kobayashi
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shojiro Hishiyama
- Department of Forest Resource Chemistry, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rui Katahira
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Miki Nambo
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yudai Higuchi
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Eugene Kuatsjah
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Naofumi Kamimura
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Eiji Masai
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
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23
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Xiao LP, Lv YH, Yang YQ, Zou SL, Shi ZJ, Sun RC. Unraveling the Lignin Structural Variation in Different Bamboo Species. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10304. [PMID: 37373449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure of cellulolytic enzyme lignin (CEL) prepared from three bamboo species (Neosinocalamus affinis, Bambusa lapidea, and Dendrocalamus brandisii) has been characterized by different analytical methods. The chemical composition analysis revealed a higher lignin content, up to 32.6% of B. lapidea as compared to that of N. affinis (20.7%) and D. brandisii (23.8%). The results indicated that bamboo lignin was a p-hydroxyphenyl-guaiacyl-syringyl (H-G-S) lignin associated with p-coumarates and ferulates. Advanced NMR analyses displayed that the isolated CELs were extensively acylated at the γ-carbon of the lignin side chain (with either acetate and/or p-coumarate groups). Moreover, a predominance of S over G lignin moieties was found in CELs of N. affinis and B. lapidea, with the lowest S/G ratio observed in D. brandisii lignin. Catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin demonstrated that 4-propyl-substituted syringol/guaiacol and propanol guaiacol/syringol derived from β-O-4' moieties, and methyl coumarate/ferulate derived from hydroxycinnamic units were identified as the six major monomeric products. We anticipate that the insights of this work could shed light on the sufficient understanding of lignin, which could open a new avenue to facilitate the efficient utilization of bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ping Xiao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yi-Hui Lv
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yue-Qin Yang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shuang-Lin Zou
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Shi
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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24
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Zhang Y, Ren H, Li B, Udin SM, Maarof H, Zhou W, Cheng F, Yang J, Liu Y, Alias H, Duan E. Mechanistic insights into the lignin dissolution behavior in amino acid based deep eutectic solvents. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124829. [PMID: 37210053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed by amino acids (L-arginine, L-proline, L-alanine) as the hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) and carboxylic acids (formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, levulinic acid) as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) were prepared and used for the dissolution of dealkaline lignin (DAL). The mechanism of lignin dissolution in DESs was explored at molecular level by combining the analysis of Kamlet-Taft (K-T) solvatochromic parameters, FTIR spectrum and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of DESs. Firstly, it was found that the formation of new hydrogen bonds between lignin and DESs mainly drove the dissolution of lignin, which were accompanied by the erosion of hydrogen bond networks in both lignin and DESs. The nature of hydrogen bond network within DESs was fundamentally determined by the type and number of functional groups in both HBA and HBD, which affected its ability to form hydrogen bond with lignin. One hydroxyl group and carboxyl group in HBDs provided active protons, which facilitated proton-catalyzed cleavage of β-O-4, thus enhancing the dissolution of DESs. The superfluous functional group resulted in more extensive and stronger hydrogen bond network in the DESs, thus decreasing the lignin dissolving ability. Moreover, it was found that lignin solubility had a closed positive correlation with the subtraction value of α and β (net hydrogen donating ability) of DESs. Among all the investigated DESs, L-alanine/formic acid (1:3) with the strong hydrogen-bond donating ability (acidity), weak hydrogen-bond accepting ability (basicity) and small steric-hindrance effect showed the best lignin dissolving ability (23.99 wt%, 60 °C). On top of that, the value of α and β of L-proline/carboxylic acids DESs showed some positive correlation with the global electrostatic potential (ESP) maxima and minima of the corresponding DESs respectively, indicating the analysis of ESP quantitative distributions of DESs could be an effective tool for DESs screening and design for lignin dissolution as well as other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhang
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China
| | - Hongwei Ren
- Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China.
| | - Baochai Li
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Applied Chemistry, Hengshui University, Hengshui, Hebei 0530002, China
| | - Syarah Mat Udin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hasmerya Maarof
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Zhou
- The State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company Electric Power Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - Fengfei Cheng
- Hebei Pollutant Emission Rights Trading Service Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050026, China
| | - Jiaoruo Yang
- Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China
| | - Yize Liu
- Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China
| | - Hajar Alias
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Erhong Duan
- Pollution Prevention Biotechnology Laboratory of Hebei Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China.
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25
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Möck D, Riegert C, Radtke S, Appelt J. Process optimization and extraction of acids, syringols, guaiacols, phenols and ketones from beech wood slow pyrolysis liquids with supercritical carbon dioxide at different densities. J Supercrit Fluids 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2023.105937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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26
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Ma Z, Han Y, Xu F, Wang X. Lignin-based hydrophobic DESs extracts Sudan dyes from aqueous solution. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124265. [PMID: 37003380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
As a synthetic pigment, Sudan red is commonly used as a food additive and is harmful to the human kidney and can even cause cancer. In this work, we developed a one-step strategy to synthesize lignin-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (LHDES), which were fabricated via methyltrioctylammonium chloride (TAC) as hydrogen bond acceptor and alkali lignin as hydrogen bond donor. LHDES with different mass ratios were synthesized and the mechanism of formation was determined by different characterization techniques. The synthetic LHDES was used as the extraction solvent to establish a vortex-assisted dispersion-liquid microextraction method for the determination of Sudan red dyes. The practicality of LHDES was evaluated by applying it to the detection of Sudan Red I in real water samples (seawater, river water) and duck blood in foodstuffs, and the obtained extraction rate reached up to 98.62 %. The method is simple and effective for the determination of Sudan Red in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Ma
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ying Han
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Fuqiong Xu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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27
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Rafalowski A, Hassan BA, Lou K, Nguyen MC, Taylor EA. How Single Amino Acid Substitutions Can Disrupt a Protein Hetero-Dimer Interface: Computational and Experimental Studies of the LigAB Dioxygenase from Sphingobium sp. Strain SYK-6. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076319. [PMID: 37047291 PMCID: PMC10094722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase (LigAB) is a heterodimeric enzyme that catalyzes the dioxygenation of multiple lignin derived aromatic compounds. The active site of LigAB is at the heterodimeric interface, with specificity conferred by the alpha subunit and catalytic residues contributed by the beta subunit. Previous research has indicated that the phenylalanine at the 103 position of the alpha subunit (F103α) controls selectivity for the C5 position of the aromatic substrates, and mutations of this residue can enhance the rate of catalysis for substrates with larger functional groups at this position. While several of the mutations to this position (Valine, V; Threonine, T; Leucine, L; and Histidine, H) were catalytically active, other mutations (Alanine, A; and Serine, S) were found to have reduced dimer interface affinity, leading to challenges in copurifing the catalytically active enzyme complex under high salt conditions. In this study, we aimed to experimentally and computationally interrogate residues at the dimer interface to discern the importance of position 103α for maintaining the integrity of the heterodimer. Molecular dynamic simulations and electrophoretic mobility assays revealed a preference for nonpolar/aromatic amino acids in this position, suggesting that while substitutions to polar amino acids may produce a dioxygenase with a useful substrate utilization profile, those considerations may be off-set by potential destabilization of the catalytically active oligomer. Understanding the dimerization of LigAB provides insight into the multimeric proteins within the largely uncharacterized superfamily and characteristics to consider when engineering proteins that can degrade lignin efficiently. These results shed light on the challenges associated with engineering proteins for broader substrate specificity.
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28
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Zirbes M, Graßl T, Neuber R, Waldvogel SR. Peroxodicarbonate as a Green Oxidizer for the Selective Degradation of Kraft Lignin into Vanillin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219217. [PMID: 36719064 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, the world's largest resource of renewable aromatics, with annually roughly 50 million tons of accruing technical lignin, mainly Kraft lignin, is highly underdeveloped regarding the production of monoaromatics. We demonstrate the oxidative depolymerization of Kraft lignin at 180 °C to produce vanillin 1 in yields up to 6.2 wt % and 92 % referred to the maximum yield gained from the quantification reaction utilizing nitrobenzene. Using peroxodicarbonate (C2 O6 2- ) as "green" oxidizer for the degradation, toxic and/or harmful reagents are prevented. Also, the formed waste can serve as makeup chemical in the pulping process. Na2 C2 O6 is synthesized in an ex-cell electrolysis of aqueous Na2 CO3 at BDD anodes, achieving a yield of Na2 C2 O6 with 41 %. At least, the oxidation and degradation of Kraft lignin is analysis via UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zirbes
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Graßl
- CONDIAS GmbH, Fraunhofer Straße 1b, 25524, Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Rieke Neuber
- CONDIAS GmbH, Fraunhofer Straße 1b, 25524, Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Chutturi M, Gillela S, Yadav SM, Wibowo ES, Sihag K, Rangppa SM, Bhuyar P, Siengchin S, Antov P, Kristak L, Sinha A. A comprehensive review of the synthesis strategies, properties, and applications of transparent wood as a renewable and sustainable resource. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161067. [PMID: 36565890 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The uncertainties of the environment and the emission levels of nonrenewable resources have compelled humanity to develop sustainable energy savers and sustainable materials. One of the most abundant and versatile bio-based structural materials is wood. Wood has several promising advantages, including high toughness, low thermal conductivity, low density, high Young's modulus, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. Furthermore, while wood has many ecological and structural advantages, it does not meet optical transparency requirements. Transparent wood is ideal for use in various industries, including electronics, packaging, automotive, and construction, due to its high transparency, haze, and environmental friendliness. As a necessary consequence, current research on developing fine wood is summarized in this review. This review begins with an explanation of the history of fine wood. The concept and various synthesis strategies, such as delignification, refractive index measurement methods, and transparent lumber polymerization, are discussed. Approaches and techniques for the characterization of transparent wood are outlined, including microscopic, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Furthermore, the characterization, physical properties, mechanical properties, optical properties, and thermal conductivity of transparent wood are emphasized. Eventually, a brief overview of the various applications of fine wood is presented. The present review summarized the first necessary actions toward future transparent wood applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Chutturi
- Department of Forest Products and Utilization, Forest College and Research Institute, Hyderabad 502279, Telangana, India
| | - Swetha Gillela
- Department of Forest Products and Utilization, Forest College and Research Institute, Hyderabad 502279, Telangana, India
| | - Sumit Manohar Yadav
- Department of Forest Products and Utilization, Forest College and Research Institute, Hyderabad 502279, Telangana, India; Centre of Advanced Materials, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Eko Setio Wibowo
- Research Center for Biomaterials, National Research and Innovation of Indonesia, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; Department of Wood and Paper Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kapil Sihag
- Department of Forest Products and Utilization, Forest College and Research Institute, Hyderabad 502279, Telangana, India
| | - Sanjay Mavinkere Rangppa
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), 10800 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prakash Bhuyar
- International College (MJU-IC), Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), 10800 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Petar Antov
- Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lubos Kristak
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Arijit Sinha
- Department of Wood Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, 234 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Sutradhar S, Fatehi P. Latest development in the fabrication and use of lignin-derived humic acid. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:38. [PMID: 36882875 PMCID: PMC9989592 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Humic substances (HS) are originated from naturally decaying biomass. The main products of HS are humic acids, fulvic acids, and humins. HS are extracted from natural origins (e.g., coals, lignite, forest, and river sediments). However, the production of HS from these resources is not environmentally friendly, potentially impacting ecological systems. Earlier theories claimed that the HS might be transformed from lignin by enzymatic or aerobic oxidation. On the other hand, lignin is a by-product of pulp and paper production processes and is available commercially. However, it is still under-utilized. To address the challenges of producing environmentally friendly HS and accommodating lignin in valorized processes, the production of lignin-derived HS has attracted attention. Currently, several chemical modification pathways can be followed to convert lignin into HS-like materials, such as alkaline aerobic oxidation, alkaline oxidative digestion, and oxidative ammonolysis of lignin. This review paper discusses the fundamental aspects of lignin transformation to HS comprehensively. The applications of natural HS and lignin-derived HS in various fields, such as soil enrichment, fertilizers, wastewater treatment, water decontamination, and medicines, were comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, the current challenges associated with the production and use of HS from lignin were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikanta Sutradhar
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.
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Wang D, Cui M, Zhao W, Li Y, Ma S, Jiang Z, Liu X, Liang C, Li R, Ma L, Song Y, Wei XY. Production of Diethyl Maleate via Oxidative Depolymerization of Organosolv Lignin from Wheat Stalk over the Cooperative Acidic Ionic Liquid Pair. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3800-3812. [PMID: 36802600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, the second largest component of biomass, is considered as an important alternative source of fossil reserves for the production of fuels and chemicals. Here, we developed a novel method to oxidatively degrade organosolv lignin into value-added four-carbon esters, particularly diethyl maleate (DEM), with the cooperative catalyst consisting of 1-(3-sulfobutyl) triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([BSTEA]HSO4) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ferric chloride ([BMIM]Fe2Cl7). Under optimized conditions (1.00 MPa initial O2 pressure, 160 °C, 5 h), the lignin aromatic ring was effectively cleaved by oxidation to form DEM with a yield of 15.85% and a selectivity of 44.25% in the presence of the synergistic catalyst of [BMIM]Fe2Cl7-[BSMIM]HSO4 (1/3, mol/mol). The structure and composition analysis of lignin residues and liquid products confirmed that the aromatic units in lignin were effectively and selectively oxidized. Furthermore, the catalytic oxidation of lignin model compounds was explored for obtaining a possible reaction pathway of oxidative cleavage of lignin aromatic units to DEM. This study provides a promising alternative method for the production of traditional petroleum-based chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
- Shannxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shannxi, China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xutang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rujuan Li
- Cosychem Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Long Ma
- Cosychem Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Yanmin Song
- Cosychem Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Xian-Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
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Mo B, Li Z, Peng J, Chen C. Novel lignin-supported copper complex as a highly efficient and recyclable nanocatalyst for Ullmann reaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124263. [PMID: 37004929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we prepared polyhydroxylated lignin by demethylation and hydroxylation of lignin, and grafted phosphorus-containing groups by nucleophilic substitution reaction, the resulting material could be used as a carrier for the preparation of heterogeneous Cu-based catalysts (PHL-CuI-OPR2). The optimal PHL-CuI-OPtBu2 catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, TGA, BET, XRD, SEM-EDS, ICP-OES, XPS. The catalytic performance of PHL-CuI-OPtBu2 in the Ullmann CN coupling reaction was evaluated using iodobenzene and nitroindole as model substrates under nitrogen atmosphere with DME and H2O as cosolvent at 95 °C for 24 h. The applicability of modified lignin-supported copper catalyst was investigated of various aryl/heteroaryl halides with indoles under optimal conditions, the corresponding products were obtained with high yield. Additionally, it could be easily recovered from the reaction medium by an easy centrifugation and washing.
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Zhang H, Tian B, Yan X, Bai Y, Gao J, Li X, Xie Q, Yang Y, Li YW. Copyrolysis of Waste Cartons and Polyolefin Plastics under Microwave Heating and Characterization of the Products. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:7331-7343. [PMID: 36873028 PMCID: PMC9979345 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Municipal organic solid waste contains many recoverable resources, including biomass materials and plastics. The high oxygen content and strong acidity of bio-oil limit its application in the energy field, and the oil quality is mainly improved by copyrolysis of biomass with plastics. Therefore, in this paper, a copyrolysis method was utilized to treat solid waste, namely, common waste cartons and waste plastic bottles (polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE)) as raw materials. The products were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, GC, and GC/MS to investigate the reaction pattern of the copyrolysis. The results show that the addition of plastics can reduce the residue content by about 3%, and the copyrolysis at 450 °C can increase the liquid yield by 3.78%. Compared with single waste carton pyrolysis, no new product appeared in the copyrolysis liquid products but the oxygen content of the liquid decreased from 65% to less than 8%. The content of CO2 and CO in the copyrolysis gas product is 5-15% higher than the theoretical value; the O content of the solid products increased by about 5%. This indicates that waste plastics can promote the formation of l-glucose and small molecules aldehydes and ketones by providing H radicals and reduce the oxygen content in liquids. Thus, copyrolysis improves the reaction depth and product quality of waste cartons, which provides a certain theoretical reference for the industrial application of solid waste copyrolysis.
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Lu X, Gu X. A review on lignin-based epoxy resins: Lignin effects on their synthesis and properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:778-790. [PMID: 36603715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lignin can be used as a sustainable alternative to bisphenol A (BPA) to prepared lignin-based epoxy resins. Lignin effects including molecular weight, phenolic content, G/S unit ratio and flexible/rigid linkage ratio on epoxy synthesis and performance were summarized comprehensively. The incorporation of lignin with a higher molecular weight would lead to the higher rigidity of epoxy crosslinking network. Higher contents of ether bonds in lignin would provide higher structural flexibility of lignin incorporated epoxy thermosets. Lignin with higher contents of phenolic hydroxyls was more beneficial for improving the reactivity of its epoxy products after glycidylation. Due to the excellent charring capacity of lignin, higher contents of residue char can be produced at higher additions of lignin at high temperatures, while the loss of crosslinking density caused by the increasing lignin addition (especially for the macromolecular lignin) would deteriorate the thermal stability of their thermosets. Several applications of lignin-based epoxy resins were also mentioned based on their mechanical, thermal and chemical properties, such as coatings (with anticorrosion and UV-blocking), adhesives (with highly crosslinking network, excellent mechanical, and thermal properties) and flame retardants (with high charring capability).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Grimm C, Pompei S, Egger K, Fuchs M, Kroutil W. Anaerobic demethylation of guaiacyl-derived monolignols enabled by a designed artificial cobalamin methyltransferase fusion enzyme. RSC Adv 2023; 13:5770-5777. [PMID: 36816070 PMCID: PMC9930637 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08005b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin-derived aryl methyl ethers (e.g. coniferyl alcohol, ferulic acid) are expected to be a future carbon source for chemistry. The well-known P450 dependent biocatalytic O-demethylation of these aryl methyl ethers is prone to side product formation especially for the oxidation sensitive catechol products which get easily oxidized in the presence of O2. Alternatively, biocatalytic demethylation using cobalamin dependent enzymes may be used under anaerobic conditions, whereby two proteins, namely a methyltransferase and a carrier protein are required. To make this approach applicable for preparative transformations, fusion proteins were designed connecting the cobalamin-dependent methyltransferase (MT) with the corrinoid-binding protein (CP) from Desulfitobacterium hafniense by variable glycine linkers. From the proteins created, the fusion enzyme MT-L5-CP with the shortest linker performed best of all fusion enzymes investigated showing comparable and, in some aspects, even better performance than the separated proteins. The fusion enzymes provided several advantages like that the cobalamin cofactor loading step required originally for the CP could be skipped enabling a significantly simpler protocol. Consequently, the biocatalytic demethylation was performed using Schlenk conditions allowing the O-demethylation e.g. of the monolignol coniferyl alcohol on a 25 mL scale leading to 75% conversion. The fusion enzyme represents a promising starting point to be evolved for alternative demethylation reactions to diversify natural products and to valorize lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Grimm
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Simona Pompei
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Kristina Egger
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria .,BioTechMed Graz 8010 Graz Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz 8010 Graz Austria
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Vinod A, Pulikkalparambil H, Jagadeesh P, Rangappa SM, Siengchin S. Recent advancements in lignocellulose biomass-based carbon fiber: Synthesis, properties, and applications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13614. [PMID: 37101468 PMCID: PMC10123159 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing need to reduce the global carbon footprint has prompted all sectors to make significant efforts in this direction. For example, there has been much focus on green carbon fiber sustainability. For example, it was found that the polyaromatic heteropolymer lignin might act as an intermediary in synthesising carbon fiber. Biomass is seen as a potential carbon accommodated solid natural sources that protects the nature and has a big overall supply and widespread distribution. With growing environmental concern in recent years, biomass has gained appeal as a raw material for production of carbon fibers. Especially, the positives of lignin material include its reasonable budget, sustainability, and higher carbon content, which makes it a dominating precursor. This review has examined a variety of bio precursors that help produce lignin and have higher lignin concentrations. In addition, there has been much research on plant sources, lignin types, factors affecting carbon fiber synthesis, spinning methods, stabilization, carbonization, and activation the characterisation techniques used for the lignin carbon fiber to comprehend the structure and features. In addition, an overview of the applications that use lignin carbon fiber has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Vinod
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
| | - Harikrishnan Pulikkalparambil
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Praveenkumara Jagadeesh
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
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Ramires Araujo T, Bresolin D, de Oliveira D, Sayer C, Henrique Hermes de Araújo P, Vladimir de Oliveira J. Conventional lignin functionalization for polyurethane applications and a future vision in the use of enzymes as an alternative method. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Li F, Li Y, Novoselov KS, Liang F, Meng J, Ho SH, Zhao T, Zhou H, Ahmad A, Zhu Y, Hu L, Ji D, Jia L, Liu R, Ramakrishna S, Zhang X. Bioresource Upgrade for Sustainable Energy, Environment, and Biomedicine. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:35. [PMID: 36629933 PMCID: PMC9833044 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We conceptualize bioresource upgrade for sustainable energy, environment, and biomedicine with a focus on circular economy, sustainability, and carbon neutrality using high availability and low utilization biomass (HALUB). We acme energy-efficient technologies for sustainable energy and material recovery and applications. The technologies of thermochemical conversion (TC), biochemical conversion (BC), electrochemical conversion (EC), and photochemical conversion (PTC) are summarized for HALUB. Microalgal biomass could contribute to a biofuel HHV of 35.72 MJ Kg-1 and total benefit of 749 $/ton biomass via TC. Specific surface area of biochar reached 3000 m2 g-1 via pyrolytic carbonization of waste bean dregs. Lignocellulosic biomass can be effectively converted into bio-stimulants and biofertilizers via BC with a high conversion efficiency of more than 90%. Besides, lignocellulosic biomass can contribute to a current density of 672 mA m-2 via EC. Bioresource can be 100% selectively synthesized via electrocatalysis through EC and PTC. Machine learning, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle analysis are essential to various upgrading approaches of HALUB. Sustainable biomaterials, sustainable living materials and technologies for biomedical and multifunctional applications like nano-catalysis, microfluidic and micro/nanomotors beyond are also highlighted. New techniques and systems for the complete conversion and utilization of HALUB for new energy and materials are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Li
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Li
- School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - K S Novoselov
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jiashen Meng
- School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Yinlong Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Liangxing Hu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dongxiao Ji
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Litao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Zhu G, Shang J, Wen W, Li Y, Yin G. Multilamellar spherical micelles of alkali lignin: dissipative particle dynamics simulations. J Mol Model 2023; 29:33. [PMID: 36622451 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lignin has an immense potential for the production of lignin-based functional materials. In this work, effect of 2-chloro-ethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (AC)-grafted alkali lignin (AL) on the morphologies in water was investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. The results showed that AL molecules formed spherical micelles, but the corresponding phenylpropane units of AL were randomly distributed in spherical micelles. However, AC-grafted modification of phenolic hydroxyl groups in AL led to the formation of multilamellar spherical micelles. The formation of multilamellar spherical micelles of AL mainly went through four stages: small clusters, larger aggregates with a core-shell structure, trilaminar, and multilamellar spherical micelles. AL molecules resulted in dimethomorph molecules being randomly distributed in the spherical micelle, while the dimethomorph molecules were perfectly entrapped into the spherical micelles of AC-grafted AL. Various molecular weights of AL had no effect on the formation and size of multilamellar spherical micelles. With increasing the content of AC-grafted AL, small clusters, multilamellar spherical micelles, tube-like, and lamellar aggregates were observed successively. This work highlights the potential of lignin to prepare monodispersed lignin-based functional colloidal spheres. METHODS Coarse-grained beads were performed energy minimization, geometric optimization, NPT ensemble (298 K and 1.0 bar), and NVT ensemble (298 K) calculations. DPD simulations were carried out at 300,000 steps in a 30×30×30 Rc3 cubic box with Materials Studio 7.0 program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodian Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China. .,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Clean Transportation Energy Chemistry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jingqi Shang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Weihong Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Guoqiang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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Influence of the Method of Fe Deposition on the Surface of Hydrolytic Lignin on the Activity in the Process of Its Conversion in the Presence of CO 2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021279. [PMID: 36674811 PMCID: PMC9866296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrolytic lignin is one of the non-demanded carbon materials. Its CO2-assisted conversion is an important way to utilize it. The use of the catalysts prepared by metal deposition on the surface of hydrolytic lignin makes it possible to apply milder conditions of the conversion process with CO2 and to improve the economic indicators. The development of methods of deposition of the active phase is a problem of high importance for any heterogeneous catalytic processes. This work aimed at investigating the influence of the conditions of iron deposition on the surface of hydrolytic lignin on the process of CO2-assisted conversion of lignin. Different Fe precursors (Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3), solvents (water, isopropanol, acetone, and ethanol), and concentrations of the solution were used; the properties of Fe/lignin composites were estimated by SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD methods and catalytic tests. All the prepared samples demonstrate a higher conversion compared to starting lignin itself in the carbon dioxide-assisted conversion process. The carbon dioxide conversion was up to 66% at 800 °C for the sample prepared from Fe(NO3)3 using a twofold water volume compared to incipient wetness water volume as a solvent (vs. 39% for pure lignin).
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Du Y, Chen X, Liang C. Selective electrocatalytic hydrogenation of phenols over ternary Pt3RuSn alloy. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Tunuhe A, Liu P, Ullah M, Sun S, Xie H, Ma F, Yu H, Zhou Y, Xie S. Fungal-Modified Lignin-Enhanced Physicochemical Properties of Collagen-Based Composite Films. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121303. [PMID: 36547636 PMCID: PMC9783068 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Renewable and biodegradable materials have attracted broad attention as alternatives to existing conventional plastics, which have caused serious environmental problems. Collagen is a potential material for developing versatile film due to its biosafety, renewability, and biodegradability. However, it is still critical to overcome the low mechanical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the collagen film for food packaging applications. To address these limitations, we developed a new technology to prepare composite film by using collagen and fungal-modified APL (alkali pretreatment liquor). In this study, five edible and medical fungi, Cunninghamella echinulata FR3, Pleurotus ostreatus BP3, Ganoderma lucidum EN2, Schizophyllum commune DS1 and Xylariaceae sp. XY were used to modify the APL, and that showed that the modified APL significantly improved the mechanical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of APL/Collagen composite films. Particularly, the APL modified by BP3, EN2 and XY showed preferable performance in enhancing the properties of the composite films. The tensile strength of the film was increased by 1.5-fold in the presence of the APL modified by EN2. To further understand the effect of fungal-biomodified APL on the properties of the composite films, a correlation analysis between the components of APL and the properties of composite films was conducted and indicated that the content of aromatic functional groups and lignin had a positive correlation with the enhanced mechanical and antioxidant properties of the composite films. In summary, composite films prepared from collagen and fungal biomodified APL showed elevated mechanical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and the herein-reported novel technology prospectively possesses great potential application in the food packaging industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alitenai Tunuhe
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pengyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mati Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Su Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- College of Urban Construction, Wuchang Shouyi University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Guangxi Shenguan Collagen Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Shenguan Collagen Biological Group, Wuzhou 543000, China
| | - Fuying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yaxian Zhou
- Guangxi Shenguan Collagen Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Shenguan Collagen Biological Group, Wuzhou 543000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (S.X.); Tel.: +86-0774-2035538 (Y.Z.); +86-27-87792108 (S.X.)
| | - Shangxian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (S.X.); Tel.: +86-0774-2035538 (Y.Z.); +86-27-87792108 (S.X.)
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Catalytic Hydropyrolysis of Lignin for the Preparation of Cyclic Hydrocarbon-Based Biofuels. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for biomass utilization is increasing because of the depletion of fossil resources that are non-renewable in nature. Lignin is the second most renewable organic carbon source, but currently it has limited scope for application in the chemical and fuel industries. Lignin is a side product of the paper and pulp, sugar, and 2G bioethanol industries. Many research groups are working on the value-addition of lignin. Among the lignin depolymerization methods, catalytic hydropyrolysis is gaining attention and is playing a crucial role in developing biorefinery. The hydropyrolysis of lignin was conducted at a higher temperature in the presence of H2. The hydropyrolysis of lignin results in the selective formation of non-oxygenated cyclic hydrocarbons in a shorter reaction time. It is possible to use the cyclic hydrocarbons directly as a fuel or they can be blended with conventional gasoline. This review focuses on the prior art of pyrolysis and hydropyrolysis of lignin. Possible products of lignin hydropyrolysis and suitable synthetic routes to obtain non-oxygenated cyclic hydrocarbons are also discussed. The influence of various process parameters, such as type of reactor, metal catalyst, nature of catalytic supports, reaction temperature, and H2 pressure are discussed with regard to the hydropyrolysis of lignin to achieve good selectivity of cyclic hydrocarbons.
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Florensa M, Llenas M, Medina-Gutiérrez E, Sandoval S, Tobías-Rossell G. Key Parameters for the Rational Design, Synthesis, and Functionalization of Biocompatible Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122703. [PMID: 36559195 PMCID: PMC9788600 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, research on silica nanoparticles has rapidly increased. Particularly on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), as nanocarriers for the treatment of various diseases because of their physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. The use of MSNs combined with therapeutic agents can provide better encapsulation and effective delivery. MSNs as nanocarriers might also be a promising tool to lower the therapeutic dosage levels and thereby to reduce undesired side effects. Researchers have explored several routes to conjugate both imaging and therapeutic agents onto MSNs, thus expanding their potential as theranostic platforms, in order to allow for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This review introduces a general overview of recent advances in the field of silica nanoparticles. In particular, the review tackles the fundamental aspects of silicate materials, including a historical presentation to new silicates and then focusing on the key parameters that govern the tailored synthesis of functional MSNs. Finally, the biomedical applications of MSNs are briefly revised, along with their biocompatibility, biodistribution and degradation. This review aims to provide the reader with the tools for a rational design of biocompatible MSNs for their application in the biomedical field. Particular attention is paid to the role that the synthesis conditions have on the physicochemical properties of the resulting MSNs, which, in turn, will determine their pharmacological behavior. Several recent examples are highlighted to stress the potential that MSNs hold as drug delivery systems, for biomedical imaging, as vaccine adjuvants and as theragnostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefania Sandoval
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.T.-R.); Tel.: +34-(93)-5801853 (S.S. & G.T.-R.)
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An J, Wang S, Huang M, Zhang J, Wang P. Removal of water-soluble lignin model pollutants with graphene oxide loaded ironic sulfide as an efficient adsorbent and heterogeneous Fenton catalyst. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Abdelaziz OY, Clemmensen I, Meier S, Costa CAE, Rodrigues AE, Hulteberg CP, Riisager A. On the Oxidative Valorization of Lignin to High-Value Chemicals: A Critical Review of Opportunities and Challenges. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201232. [PMID: 36004569 PMCID: PMC9825943 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The efficient valorization of lignin is crucial if we are to replace current petroleum-based feedstock and establish more sustainable and competitive lignocellulosic biorefineries. Pulp and paper mills and second-generation biorefineries produce large quantities of low-value technical lignin as a by-product, which is often combusted on-site for energy recovery. This Review focuses on the conversion of technical lignins by oxidative depolymerization employing heterogeneous catalysts. It scrutinizes the current literature describing the use of various heterogeneous catalysts in the oxidative depolymerization of lignin and includes a comparison of the methods, catalyst loadings, reaction media, and types of catalyst applied, as well as the reaction products and yields. Furthermore, current techniques for the determination of product yields and product recovery are discussed. Finally, challenges and suggestions for future approaches are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Y. Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemical EngineeringLund UniversityNaturvetarvägen 14SE-221 00LundSweden
| | - Ida Clemmensen
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of DenmarkKemitorvet 207DK-2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark
| | - Sebastian Meier
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of DenmarkKemitorvet 207DK-2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark
| | - Carina A. E. Costa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering–Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM)Department of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoRua Dr. Roberto Frias4200-465PortoPortugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE)Department of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoRua Dr. Roberto Frias4200-465PortoPortugal
| | - Alírio E. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering–Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM)Department of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoRua Dr. Roberto Frias4200-465PortoPortugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE)Department of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoRua Dr. Roberto Frias4200-465PortoPortugal
| | | | - Anders Riisager
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of DenmarkKemitorvet 207DK-2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark
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Optimization and Potentials of Kraft Lignin Hydrolysates Obtained by Subcritical Water at Moderate Temperatures. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kraft lignin was treated with subcritical water at moderate temperatures (120–220 °C) in different gas atmospheres, with the goal of optimizing its depolymerization under mild conditions. Lignin depolymerization was observed and compared using different homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in both nitrogen and carbon dioxide atmospheres. The most important treatment parameters for maximum lignin depolymerization and the highest yields of phenolic and other aromatic monomers were optimized. The influence of the process temperature, pressure, and time in both gas atmospheres was defined and optimized for maximum liberation of monomers into the aqueous phase. The yields of total phenols and other aromatics in the nitrogen atmosphere were the highest at 150 °C, whereas treatment in the carbon dioxide atmosphere required higher temperatures (200 °C) for a comparable efficiency. The effects of phenol addition as a capping agent in lignin depolymerization were observed and defined for both gas atmospheres. Phenol addition caused a remarkable increase in the total phenols content in the aqueous phase; however, it did not significantly affect the contents of other aromatics. The antioxidant properties of lignin hydrolysates obtained at different temperatures in different gas atmospheres were compared, correlated with the total phenols contents, and discussed, showing the promising potential of lignin hydrolysates obtained under mild subcritical water conditions.
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Preparation of activated lignin with high hydroxyl content using lewis acid as demethylation reagent. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2571-2580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Nair LG, Agrawal K, Verma P. An insight into the principles of lignocellulosic biomass-based zero-waste biorefineries: a green leap towards imperishable energy-based future. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 38:288-338. [PMID: 35670485 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2082223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is an energy source that has a huge impact in today's world. The depletion of fossil fuels, increased pollution, climatic changes, etc. have led the public and private sectors to move towards sustainability i.e. using LCB for the production of biofuels and value-added compounds. A major bottleneck of the process is the recalcitrant nature of LCB. This can be overcome by using various pretreatment strategies like physical, chemical, biological, physicochemical, etc. Further, the pretreated biomass is made to undergo various steps like hydrolysis, saccharification, etc. for the conversion of value-added products and the remaining waste residues can be further utilized for the synthesis of secondary products thus favouring the zero-waste biorefinery concept. Currently, microorganisms are being explored for their use in biorefinery but the unavailability of commercial strains is a major limitation. Thus, the use of metagenomics can be used to overcome the limitation which is both cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The review deliberates the composition of LCBs, and their recalcitrance nature, followed by the structural changes caused by various pretreatment methods. The further steps in biorefineries, strategies for the development of zero-waste refineries, bottlenecks, and suggestions are also discussed. Special emphasis is given to the use of metagenomics for the discovery of microorganisms efficient for zero-waste biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshana G Nair
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, India
| | - Komal Agrawal
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, India
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Choudhary H, Pidatala VR, Mohan M, Simmons BA, Gladden JM, Singh S. Renewable Schiff-Base Ionic Liquids for Lignocellulosic Biomass Pretreatment. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196278. [PMID: 36234813 PMCID: PMC9573442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing interest in sustainable sources of chemicals and energy from renewable and reliable sources has stimulated the design and synthesis of renewable Schiff-base (iminium) ionic liquids (ILs) to replace fossil-derived ILs. In this study, we report on the synthesis of three unique iminium-acetate ILs from lignin-derived aldehyde for a sustainable “future” lignocellulosic biorefinery. The synthesized ILs contained only imines or imines along with amines in their structure; the ILs with only imines group exhibited better pretreatment efficacy, achieving >89% sugar release. Various analytical and computational tools were employed to understand the pretreatment efficacy of these ILs. This is the first study to demonstrate the ease of synthesis of these renewable ILs, and therefore, opens the door for a new class of “Schiff-base ILs” for further investigation that could also be designed to be task specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Choudhary
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Department of Bioresource and Environmental Security, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - Venkataramana R. Pidatala
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mood Mohan
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Department of Bioresource and Environmental Security, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - Blake A. Simmons
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John M. Gladden
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomanufacturing, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Department of Bioresource and Environmental Security, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
- Correspondence:
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