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Duan WD, Huang XY, Di DL. Chiral counter-current chromatography: A survey of its instrument, mechanism, procedure, and applications. Chirality 2020; 32:1264-1283. [PMID: 32692440 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The chiral separation by counter-current chromatography has made great progress in the past three decades. It has become increasingly popular in the field of chiral separation, and many applications have been introduced during the last years. This review mainly focuses on the current topics, applications, and trends in chiral separation by counter-current chromatography. It contains the development of modern counter-current chromatography apparatus, theory of counter-current chromatography, overview of applications of chiral counter-current chromatography enantioseparation, its current situation, and challenges. At last, some conclusions and perspectives also have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Da Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Duo-Long Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Pinto MM, Fernandes C, Tiritan ME. Chiral Separations in Preparative Scale: A Medicinal Chemistry Point of View. Molecules 2020; 25:E1931. [PMID: 32326326 PMCID: PMC7221958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Enantiomeric separation is a key step in the development of a new chiral drug. Preparative liquid chromatography (LC) continues to be the technique of choice either during the drug discovery process, to achieve a few milligrams, or to a scale-up during the clinical trial, needing kilograms of material. However, in the last few years, instrumental and technical developments allowed an exponential increase of preparative enantioseparation using other techniques. Besides LC, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and counter-current chromatography (CCC) have aroused interest for preparative chiral separation. This overview will highlight the importance to scale-up chiral separations in Medicinal Chemistry, especially in the early stages of the pipeline of drugs discovery and development. Few examples within different methodologies will be selected, emphasizing the trends in chiral preparative separation. The advantages and drawbacks will be critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena M.M. Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (M.E.T.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (M.E.T.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Maria E. Tiritan
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (M.E.T.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
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Huang XY, Pei D, Liu JF, Di DL. A review on chiral separation by counter-current chromatography: Development, applications and future outlook. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1531:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lv L, Bu Z, Sun W, Wang C, Xu C, Tong S. Application of pH-zone-refining countercurrent chromatography in the chiral separation of two β-adrenergic blocking agents. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:1433-1441. [PMID: 29178304 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two β-adrenergic blocking agents, 1-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-3-phenoxy-2-propanol (1) and 1-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-3-(3-methylphenoxy)-2-propanol (2; Toliprolol), were enantioseparated by pH-zone-refining countercurrent chromatography. A two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform containing 0.10 mol/L of di-n-hexyl l-tartrate/0.10 mol/L of boric acid aqueous solution (1:1, v/v) was selected, in which 20 mmol/L triethylamine was added in the organic phase as a retainer and 2 mmol/L HCl was added in the aqueous phase as an eluter. Fifty milligrams of each racemate was completely enantioseparated by pH-zone-refining countercurrent chromatography to yield each enantiomer with a purity of more than 98%, and the recovery of each separated enantiomer reached around 76-82%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhisi Bu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Wang X, Lv L, Bu Z, Yan J, Tong S. Separation of epimeric aromatic acid (-)-menthol esters by countercurrent chromatography using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as an additive. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2045-2053. [PMID: 28244265 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The separation of ten epimeric aromatic acid (-)-menthol esters by countercurrent chromatography with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as the mobile phase additive was investigated, and methods for the analysis of all the epimeric esters by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography were established. A biphasic solvent system composed of n-hexane/20-70% methanol containing 50 mmol/L of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (1:1, v/v) was selected, which provided high separation factors for five of the epimeric esters, and successful separations by countercurrent chromatography were achieved. The complete separation of five pairs of epimeric ester was obtained with the purity being over 98% for each peak fractions, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The recovery of each analyte from the eluted fractions reached around 80-88%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqiong Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhisi Bu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Tong S, Wang X, Shen M, Lv L, Lu M, Bu Z, Yan J. Enantioseparation of 3-phenyllactic acid by chiral ligand exchange countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1834-1842. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Mangmang Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Liqiong Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Mengxia Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Zhisi Bu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
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Han C, Luo J, Xu J, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Xu X, Kong L. Enantioseparation of aromatic α-hydroxycarboxylic acids: The application of a dinuclear Cu2(II)-β-cyclodextrin complex as a chiral selector in high speed counter-current chromatography compared with native β-cyclodextrin. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1375:82-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xiao XH, Yuan ZQ, Li GK. Separation and purification of steroidal saponins from Paris polyphylla by microwave-assisted extraction coupled with countercurrent chromatography using evaporative light scattering detection. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:635-41. [PMID: 24772456 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A method of microwave-assisted extraction coupled with countercurrent chromatography using evaporative light scattering detection was successfully developed for the separation and purification of steroidal saponins from Paris polyphylla. The main extraction conditions including microwave power, liquid/solid ratio, irradiation time, and extraction temperature were optimized using an orthogonal array design method. A suitable two-phase solvent system consisting of n-heptane/n-butanol/acetonitrile/water (10:19:6:20, v/v/v/v) was employed in the separation and purification of the extracts of P. polyphylla. A total of 7.1 mg polyphyllin VII, 4.3 mg gracillin, 9.2 mg dioscin, and 10.2 mg polyphyllin I were obtained from 1.5 g P. polyphylla in less than 300 min, the purities of which determined by HPLC were 96.7, 97.3, 98.7, and 98.6%, respectively. The identification and characterization of these compounds were performed by LC-ESI-MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the proposed method is feasible, economical and efficient for the extraction, separation and purification of effective compounds from natural products.
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Lorenz H, Seidel-Morgenstern A. Processes To Separate Enantiomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1218-50. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tong S, Zheng Y, Yan J. Application and comparison of high performance liquid chromatography and high speed counter-current chromatography in enantioseparation of (±)-2-phenylpropionic acid. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1281:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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