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Arshad N, Batool SR, Razzaq S, Arshad M, Rasheed A, Ashraf M, Nawab Y, Nazeer MA. Recent advancements in polyurethane-based membranes for gas separation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118953. [PMID: 38636643 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Gas separation membranes are critical in a variety of environmental research and industrial applications. These membranes are designed to selectively allow some gases to flow while blocking others, allowing for the separation and purification of gases for a variety of applications. Therefore, the demand for fast and energy-efficient gas separation techniques is of central interest for many chemical and energy production diligences due to the intensified levels of greenhouse and industrial gases. This encourages the researchers to innovate techniques for capturing and separating these gases, including membrane separation techniques. Polymeric membranes play a significant role in gas separations by capturing gases from the fuel combustion process, purifying chemical raw material used for plastic production, and isolating pure and noncombustible gases. Polyurethane-based membrane technology offers an excellent knack for gas separation applications and has also been considered more energy-efficient than conventional phase change separation methodologies. This review article reveals a thorough delineation of the current developments and efforts made for PU membranes. It further explains its uses for the separation of valuable gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), methane (CH4), or a mixture of gases from a variety of gas spillages. Polyurethane (PU) is an excellent choice of material and a leading candidate for producing gas-separating membranes because of its outstanding chemical chemistry, good mechanical abilities, higher permeability, and variable microstructure. The presence of PU improves several characteristics of gas-separating membranes. Selectivity and separation efficiency of PU-centered membranes are enhanced through modifications such as blending with other polymers, use of nanoparticles (silica, metal oxides, alumina, zeolite), and interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) formation. This manuscript critically analyzes the various gas transport methods and selection criteria for the fabrication of PU membranes. It also covers the challenges facing the development of PU-membrane-based separation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureen Arshad
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan; Liberty Mills Limited, Karachi, 75700, Pakistan.
| | - Syeda Rubab Batool
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Razzaq
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Mubeen Arshad
- Department of Prosthodontics, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, 74600, Pakistan
| | - Abher Rasheed
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ashraf
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan; Functional Textile Research Group, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan; National Center for Composite Materials, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan.
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2
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Barooah M, Kundu S, Kumar S, Katare A, Borgohain R, Uppaluri RVS, Kundu LM, Mandal B. New generation mixed matrix membrane for CO 2 separation: Transition from binary to quaternary mixed matrix membrane. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141653. [PMID: 38485000 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Contemporary advances in material development associated with membrane gas separation refer to the cost-effective fabrication of high-performance, defect-free mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). For clean energy production, natural gas purification, and CO2 capture from flue gas systems, constituting a functional integration of polymer matrix and inorganic filler materials find huge applications. The broad domain of research and development of MMMs focused on the selection of appropriate materials, inexpensive membrane fabrication, and comparative study with other gas separation membranes for real-world applications. This study addressed a comprehensive review of the advanced MMMs wrapping various facets of membrane material selection; polymer and filler particle morphology and compatibility between the phases and the relevance of several fillers in the assembly of MMMs are analyzed. Further, the research on binary MMMs, their problems, and solutions to overcome these challenges have also been discussed. Finally, the future directions and scope of work on quaternary MMM are scrutinized in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridusmita Barooah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Sukanya Kundu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Shubham Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Aviti Katare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Rajashree Borgohain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Ramagopal V S Uppaluri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Lal Mohan Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Bishnupada Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Vuono D, Clarizia G, Ferreri L, Consoli GML, Zampino DC, Scalzo G, Petralia S, Bernardo P. Molecularly Mixed Composite Membranes for Gas Separation Based on Macrocycles Embedded in a Polyimide. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:460. [PMID: 38399838 PMCID: PMC10892679 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyimides are a polymer class that has been extensively investigated as a membrane material for gas separation owing to its interesting permselective properties in a wide range of operation temperatures and pressures. In order to improve their properties, the addition of different filler types is currently studied. p-tert-Butylcalix[n]arene macrocycles (PTBCs) with different cavity sizes (PTBC4, PTBC6, PTBC8) were used as fillers in a commercial thermoplastic polyimide, with a concentration in the range 1-9 wt%, to develop nanocomposite membranes for gas separation. The selected macrocycles are attractive organic compounds owing to their porous structure and affinity with organic polymers. The nanocomposite membranes were prepared in the form of films in which the polymeric matrix is a continuous phase incorporating the dispersed additives. The preparation was carried out according to a pre-mixing approach in a mutual solvent, and the solution casting was followed by a controlled solvent evaporation. The films were characterized by investigating their miscibility, morphology, thermal and spectral properties. The gas transport through these films was examined as a function of the temperature and also time. The results evidenced that the incorporation of the chosen nanoporous fillers can be exploited to enhance molecular transport, offering additional pathways and promoting rearrangements of the polymeric chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Vuono
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), 87036 Rende, Italy
| | | | - Loredana Ferreri
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB-CNR), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppina Scalzo
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petralia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Bernardo
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), 87036 Rende, Italy
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Baysal G. Sustainable polylactic acid spunlace nonwoven fabrics with lignin/zinc oxide/water-based polyurethane composite coatings. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127678. [PMID: 38287583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, polylactic acid spunlace nonwoven fabrics were coated with lignin/zinc oxide/water-based polyurethane composite formulations, including five different ratios of lignin and zinc oxide, via a film applicator and thermally cured. The coated and thermally cured nonwoven fabrics were tested in terms of color values, tensile strength, abrasion resistance, ultraviolet protection, hydrophobicity, antibacterial activity, air, and vapor permeability properties. Characterization studies were conducted by FTIR, DSC, TGA, XRD, and SEM. The ultraviolet protection factor of 215.47 and a water contact angle of 90.27° were obtained with the fabric coated with WPU-1:5 formulation. Nonwoven fabric coated with the WPU-1:5 formulation showed evident antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria as 89 % and 100 %, respectively. With the addition of lignin/ZnO into water-based polyurethane coating paste, PLA nonwoven fabric exhibited improved antibacterial activity, tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and ultraviolet light protection performance. However, composite coatings decreased air and vapor permeability and hydrophobicity of fabrics, but acceptable results were obtained. The results indicate that polylactic acid nonwoven fabrics, when treated with lignin/ZnO/WPU composite coatings, exhibit enhanced mechanical and functional properties, rendering them promising for applications in protective medical textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülçin Baysal
- Eskişehir Technical University Rectorate, 26555 Eskişehir, Turkey.
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5
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Vosough Kia M, Ehsani M, Hosseini SE, Asadi GH. Fabrication and characterization of transparent nanocomposite films based on poly (lactic acid)/polyethylene glycol reinforced with nano glass flake. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127473. [PMID: 37858646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Developing new biodegradable packaging with superior properties and advanced functionalities is one of the most emerging research areas of interest in food packaging. In this study, PLA/PEG-based nanocomposite films incorporated with different amounts of nano glass flake (NGF) (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 phr) were fabricated via casting solution for applications in food packaging. The ATR-FTIR displayed no chemical interaction between the PLA/PEG-based matrix and NGF particles. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations exhibited a relatively smooth and homogeneous surface without defects. Incorporation of the NGF into the PLA/PEG-based matrix did not affect the color and opacity of the fabricated films. The prepared nanocomposite films were highly transparent and exhibited superior properties such as increased hydrophobicity, appreciable oxygen barrier properties, and enhanced thermal stability. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis confirmed the existence of a single glass-transition temperature (Tg) as evidence of miscibility. According to the research results, the PLA/PEG/NGF1 nanocomposite film significantly offered the best overall performance. This work has developed new insight into the potential application of nano glass flakes in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Vosough Kia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Ehsani
- Department of Polymer and Textile, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Plastics, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Hassan Asadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Zhu W, Chen M, Jang J, Han M, Moon Y, Kim J, You J, Li S, Park T, Kim J. Amino-functionalized nanocellulose aerogels for the superior adsorption of CO 2 and separation of CO 2/CH 4 mixture gas. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121393. [PMID: 37940286 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose-based aerogels have been considered as one of the ideal candidates for CO2 capture in practical applications owing to their lightweight and porous properties. Additionally, various adsorbents with amine groups have been widely used as effective CO2 capture and storage strategies. Herein, amino-functionalized aerogels were prepared by sol-gel and freeze-drying methods using two typical nanocelluloses (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)) as substrates. In addition, the reaction parameters for grafting and amino functionalization were optimized. The CNC and CNF aerogels could be easily modified by the hydrothermal growth of the amino group, and they exhibited attractive properties in terms of CO2 adsorption, recyclability, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and CO2/CH4 mixture separation. The amino-functionalized CNF aerogel exhibited superior performance to the CNC aerogel, which was attributed to the increased cross-linking binding sites for hydrogen bonding in the CNF aerogel. The results of this study indicated that amino-functionalized nanocellulose aerogels can be considered a promising biodegradable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly material for CO2 capture and removal of CO2 from CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jieun Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yeonggyun Moon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmok You
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Teahoon Park
- Carbon Composite Department, Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797, Changwon-daero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51508, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Sepahvand S, Ashori A, Jonoobi M. Application of cellulose nanofiber as a promising air filter for adsorbing particulate matter and carbon dioxide. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125344. [PMID: 37327938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pollution from particulate matter (PM) and toxic chemicals in the air cause some of the most critical health and environmental hazards in developed and developing countries. It can have a very destructive effect on human health and other living creatures. In particular, PM air pollution caused by rapid industrialization and population growth is a grave concern in developing countries. Oil and chemical-based synthetic polymers are non-environmentally friendly materials that lead to secondary environmental pollution. Thus, developing new and environmentally compatible renewable materials to construct air filters is essential. The goal of this review is to study the use of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) to adsorb PM in the air. Some of CNF's advantages include being the most abundant polymer in nature, biodegradable, and having a high specific surface area, low density, surface properties (broad possibility of chemical surface modification), high modulus and flexural stiffness, low energy consumption, which provide this new class of bio-based adsorbent with promising potential applications in environmental remediation. Such advantages have made CNF a competitive and highly in-demand material compared to other synthetic nanoparticles. Today, refining membranes and nanofiltration manufacturing are two important industries that could use CNF to provide a practical step in protecting the environment and saving energy. CNF nanofilters are capable of nearly eliminating most sources of air pollution, including carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and PM2.5-10 μm. They also have a high porosity and low resistance air (pressure drop) ratio compared to ordinary filters made from cellulose fiber. If utilized correctly, humans do not need to inhale harmful chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Sepahvand
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran; Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of New Technologies Engineering, Zirab Campus, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ashori
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Jonoobi
- Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran
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Castro-Muñoz R, Gontarek E, Karczewski J, Cabezas R, Merlet G, Araya-Lopez C, Boczkaj G. Hybrid cross-linked chitosan/protonated-proline:glucose DES membranes with superior pervaporation performance for ethanol dehydration. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Novel polymeric additives in the preparation and modification of polymeric membranes: A comprehensive review. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Towards azeotropic MeOH-MTBE separation using pervaporation chitosan-based deep eutectic solvent membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Farnam M, bin Mukhtar H, bin Mohd Shariff A. A Review on Glassy and Rubbery Polymeric Membranes for Natural Gas Purification. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Farnam
- Polymer Engineering Division Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Hilmi bin Mukhtar
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Chemical Engineering, Seri Iskandar 32610 Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - Azmi bin Mohd Shariff
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Chemical Engineering, Seri Iskandar 32610 Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
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12
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Ahmad MZ, Castro-Muñoz R, Budd PM. Boosting gas separation performance and suppressing the physical aging of polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) by nanomaterial blending. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23333-23370. [PMID: 33210671 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07042d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), especially the firstly introduced PIM-1, have been actively explored for various membrane-based separation purposes and widely recognized as the next generation membrane materials of choice for gas separation due to their ultra-permeable characteristics. Unfortunately, the polymers suffer substantially the negative impacts of physical aging, a phenomenon that is primarily noticeable in high free volume polymers. The phenomenon occurs at the molecular level, which leads to changes in the physical properties, and consequently the separation performance and membrane durability. This review discusses the strategies that have been employed to manage the physical aging issue, with a focus on the approach of blending with nanomaterials to give mixed matrix membranes. A detailed discussion is provided on the types of materials used, their inherent properties, the effects on gas separation performance, and their benefits in the suppression of the aging problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Zamidi Ahmad
- Organic Materials Innovation Center (OMIC), Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, UK.
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13
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Castro-Muñoz R, Galiano F, Figoli A. Recent advances in pervaporation hollow fiber membranes for dehydration of organics. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Liu B, Li D, Yao J, Sun H. Enhanced CO
2
selectivity of polyimide membranes through dispersion of polyethyleneimine decorated UiO‐66 particles. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Dan Li
- School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Jie Yao
- School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
- National Engineering Center of Urban Water Resources Harbin China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
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Vergadou N, Theodorou DN. Molecular Modeling Investigations of Sorption and Diffusion of Small Molecules in Glassy Polymers. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:E98. [PMID: 31398889 PMCID: PMC6723301 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9080098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With a wide range of applications, from energy and environmental engineering, such as in gas separations and water purification, to biomedical engineering and packaging, glassy polymeric materials remain in the core of novel membrane and state-of the art barrier technologies. This review focuses on molecular simulation methodologies implemented for the study of sorption and diffusion of small molecules in dense glassy polymeric systems. Basic concepts are introduced and systematic methods for the generation of realistic polymer configurations are briefly presented. Challenges related to the long length and time scale phenomena that govern the permeation process in the glassy polymer matrix are described and molecular simulation approaches developed to address the multiscale problem at hand are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Vergadou
- Molecular Thermodynamics and Modelling of Materials Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, GR-15310 Athens, Greece.
| | - Doros N Theodorou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780 Athens, Greece
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