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Kuroiwa T, Nakagawa Y, Takayanagi R, Kanazawa A. Chitosanase-immobilized magnetite-agar gel particles as a highly stable and reusable biocatalyst for enhanced production of physiologically active chitosan oligosaccharides. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 178:110443. [PMID: 38593516 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
A novel immobilized chitosanase was developed and utilized to produce chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) via chitosan hydrolysis. Magnetite-agar gel particles (average particle diameter: 338 μm) were prepared by emulsifying an aqueous agar solution dispersing 200-nm magnetite particles with isooctane containing an emulsifier at 80 °C, followed by cooling the emulsified mixture. The chitosanase from Bacillus pumilus was immobilized on the magnetite-agar gel particles chemically activated by introducing glyoxyl groups with high immobilization yields (>80%), and the observed specific activity of the immobilized chitosanase was 16% of that of the free enzyme. This immobilized chitosanase could be rapidly recovered from aqueous solutions by applying magnetic force. The thermal stability of the immobilized chitosanase improved remarkably compared with that of free chitosanase: the deactivation rate constants at 35 °C of the free and immobilized enzymes were 8.1 × 10-5 and 3.9 × 10-8 s-1, respectively. This immobilized chitosanase could be reused for chitosan hydrolysis at 75 °C and pH 5.6, and 80% of its initial activity was maintained even after 10 cycles of use. COSs with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 2-7 were obtained using this immobilized chitosanase, and the product content of physiologically active COSs (DP ≥ 5) reached approximately 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuroiwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan.
| | - Yuta Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Takayanagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kanazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
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Bui VH, Vo HTN, Kim SK, Ngo DN. Caffeic acid-grafted chitooligosaccharides downregulate MAPK and NF-kB in RAW264.7 cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14496. [PMID: 38444006 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (COS) is a derivative of chitosan, which is a natural macromolecular compound. COS has been shown effects in an inflammatory response. Recent reports show that COS derivatives have enhanced anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting intracellular signals. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of caffeic acid conjugated COS chain (CA-COS) was performed in this study. The effects of CA-COS on the inflammatory response were demonstrated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The results showed that CA-COS inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and downregulated the gene expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-6 without cytotoxic effect. In addition, western blot analysis showed that CA-COS inhibits the protein expression of iNOS and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), including p50 and p65, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Collectively, these results provide clear evidence for the anti-inflammatory mechanism of CA-COS that show great potential as a novel agent for the prevention and therapy of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Hoai Bui
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology-Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade (HUIT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hong-Tham N Vo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology-Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dai-Nghiep Ngo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology-Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Sun Q, Yuan T, Yang G, Guo D, Sha L, Yang R. Chitosan-graft-poly(lactic acid)/CD-MOFs degradable composite microspheres for sustained release of curcumin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127519. [PMID: 37866573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The solubility of cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks (CD-MOFs) in aqueous media making it not suitable as sustained-release drug carrier. Here, curcumin-loaded CD-MOFs (CD-MOFs-Cur) was embedded in chitosan-graft-poly(lactic acid) (CS-LA) via a solid-in-oil-in-oil (s/o/o) emulsifying solvent evaporation method forming the sustained-release composite microspheres. At CS-LA concentration of 20 mg/mL, the composite microspheres showed good sphericity. The average particle size of CS-LA/CD-MOFs-Cur (2:1), CS-LA/CD-MOFs-Cur (4:1) and CS-LA/CD-MOFs-Cur (6:1) composite microspheres was about 9.3, 12.3 and 13.5 μm, respectively. The above composite microspheres exhibited various degradation rates and curcumin release rates. Treating in HCl solution (pH 1.2) for 120 min, the average particle size of above microspheres reduced 28.19 %, 24.34 % and 6.19 %, and curcumin released 86.23 %, 78.37 % and 52.57 %, respectively. Treating in PBS (pH 7.4) for 12 h, the average particle size of above microspheres reduced 30.56 %, 26.56 % and 10.66 %, and curcumin released 68.54 %, 54.32 % and 31.25 %, respectively. Moreover, the composite microspheres had a favorable cytocompatibility, with cell viability of higher than 90 %. These composite microspheres open novel opportunity for sustained drug release of CD-MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Tianzhong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Gang Yang
- Winbon Schoeller New Materials Co., Ltd., Quzhou 324400, China
| | - Daliang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Lizheng Sha
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Rendang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Dasgupta N, Sun D, Gorbet M, Gauthier M. Chitosan Grafted with Thermoresponsive Poly(di(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate) for Cell Culture Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061515. [PMID: 36987295 PMCID: PMC10051194 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a polysaccharide extracted from animal sources such as crab and shrimp shells. In this work, chitosan films were modified by grafting them with a thermoresponsive polymer, poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PMEO2MA). The films were modified to introduce functional groups useful as reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents. PMEO2MA chains were then grown from the films via RAFT polymerization, making the chitosan films thermoresponsive. The degree of substitution of the chitosan-based RAFT agent and the amount of monomer added in the grafting reaction were varied to control the length of the grafted PMEO2MA chain segments. The chains were cleaved from the film substrates for characterization using 1H NMR and a gel permeation chromatography analysis. Temperature-dependent contact angle measurements were used to demonstrate that the hydrophilic-hydrophobic nature of the film surface varied with temperature. Due to the enhanced hydrophobic character of PMEO2MA above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST), the ability of PMEO2MA-grafted chitosan films to serve as a substrate for cell growth at 37 °C (incubation temperature) was tested. Interactions with cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, and corneal epithelial cells) were assessed. The modified chitosan films supported cell viability and proliferation. As the temperature is lowered to 4 °C (refrigeration temperature, below the LCST), the grafted chitosan films become less hydrophobic, and cell adhesion should decrease, facilitating their removal from the surface. Our results indicated that the cells were detached from the films following a short incubation period at 4 °C, were viable, and retained their ability to proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natun Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Duo Sun
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Maud Gorbet
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mario Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Liu H, Zhu Z, Hu J, Lai X, Qu J. Inhibition of Q235 corrosion in sodium chloride solution by chitosan derivative and its synergistic effect with ZnO. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ahmed HB, El-Shahat M, Allayeh AK, Emam HE. Maillard reaction for nucleation of polymer quantum dots from chitosan-glucose conjugate: Antagonistic for cancer and viral diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:858-870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Production of Low Molecular Weight Chitosan Using a Combination of Weak Acid and Ultrasonication Methods. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163417. [PMID: 36015674 PMCID: PMC9416096 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) has higher solubility and lower viscosity allowing for a wider pharmaceutical application compared to high molecular weight chitosan. LMWC chitosan can be obtained through a chitosan depolymerization process. This research aimed to produce LWMC using the combination of formic acid and ultrasonication method with the optimal condition of the depolymerization process. The chitosan depolymerization method was performed by combining formic acid and ultrasonication. The optimum conditions of the depolymerization process were obtained using the Box–Behnken design. The LMWC obtained from depolymerization was characterized to identify its yield, degree of deacetylation, the molecular weight, structure, morphology, thermal behavior, and crystallinity index. Results: The characterization results of LWMC obtained from the depolymerization process using the optimum conditions showed that the yield was 89.398%; the degree of deacetylation was 98.076%; the molecular weight was 32.814 kDa; there was no change in the chemical structure, LWMC had disorganized shape, there was no change in the thermal behavior, and LWMC had a more amorphous shape compared to native chitosan. Conclusion: The production of LWMC involving depolymerization in the presence of weak acid and ultrasonication can be developed by using the optimal condition of the depolymerization process.
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Rahayu DP, De Mori A, Yusuf R, Draheim R, Lalatsa A, Roldo M. Enhancing the antibacterial effect of chitosan to combat orthopaedic implant-associated infections. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 289:119385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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The Functional and Application Possibilities of Starch/Chitosan Polymer Composites Modified by Graphene Oxide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115956. [PMID: 35682636 PMCID: PMC9180379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes functional properties of bionanocomposites consisting of starch/chitosan/graphene oxide (GO) obtained using the green synthesis method, such as water-barrier and optical properties, as well as the rate of degradation by enzymatic and acid hydrolysis. The toxicity of the composites and their effects on the development of pathogenic microflora during storage of meat food products was also investigated. Although the results showed that the barrier properties of the composites were weak, they were similar to those of biological systems. The studies carried out confirmed the good optical properties of the composites containing chitosan, which makes it possible to use them as active elements of packaging. The susceptibility of starch and chitosan films to enzymatic and acid hydrolyses indicates their relatively high biodegradability. The lack of toxicity and the high barrier against many microorganisms offer great potential for applications in the food industry.
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Preparation, characterization, radical scavenging property and antidiabetic potential of laminarioligosaccharides derived from laminarin. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Nonionic surfactants are reported as being able to enhance enzyme stability and increase the conversion of enzymatic reactions. Surfactant-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis conversion is affected by surfactant HLB values. This work investigated the influence of nonionic surfactants with different HLB values on chitosan enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase enzyme by measuring the reducing sugars formation, viscosity, and molecular weight of hydrolyzed chitosan. A characterization analysis of hydrolyzed products was also carried out. A higher HLB value exhibits a better enzymatic chitosan hydrolysis performance, shown by the decrease in a solution’s viscosity and the increase in reducing sugar formation. Increasing the surfactant concentration will also increase the hydrolysis rate. Nonionic surfactants can protect cellulase enzyme from the denaturation of temperature and stirring influence. The higher the HLB value, the lower the molecular weight of the hydrolyzed chitosan. The result of UV–Vis demonstrated aldehyde groups formation during hydrolysis. The SEM analysis showed that the chitosan, hydrolyzed using different HLB values of surfactants, had different surface morphologies. However, it did not change the chemical structure of the hydrolysis product seen by the FTIR analysis. The XRD patterns showed that the relative crystallinity of raw chitosan decreased when hydrolyzed with surfactants.
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Pandit A, Indurkar A, Deshpande C, Jain R, Dandekar P. A systematic review of physical techniques for chitosan degradation. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Gonçalves C, Ferreira N, Lourenço L. Production of Low Molecular Weight Chitosan and Chitooligosaccharides (COS): A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2466. [PMID: 34372068 PMCID: PMC8348454 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a biopolymer with high added value, and its properties are related to its molecular weight. Thus, high molecular weight values provide low solubility of chitosan, presenting limitations in its use. Based on this, several studies have developed different hydrolysis methods to reduce the molecular weight of chitosan. Acid hydrolysis is still the most used method to obtain low molecular weight chitosan and chitooligosaccharides. However, the use of acids can generate environmental impacts. When different methods are combined, gamma radiation and microwave power intensity are the variables that most influence acid hydrolysis. Otherwise, in oxidative hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide, a long time is the limiting factor. Thus, it was observed that the most efficient method is the association between the different hydrolysis methods mentioned. However, this alternative can increase the cost of the process. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the most studied method due to its environmental advantages and high specificity. However, hydrolysis time and process cost are factors that still limit industrial application. In addition, the enzymatic method has a limited association with other hydrolysis methods due to the sensitivity of the enzymes. Therefore, this article seeks to extensively review the variables that influence the main methods of hydrolysis: acid concentration, radiation intensity, potency, time, temperature, pH, and enzyme/substrate ratio, observing their influence on molecular weight, yield, and characteristic of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleidiane Gonçalves
- Institute of Technology, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil;
- Institute of Health and Animal Production, Amazon Rural Federal University, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil
| | - Nelson Ferreira
- Institute of Technology, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil;
| | - Lúcia Lourenço
- Institute of Technology, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil;
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Affes S, Nasri R, Li S, Thami T, Van Der Lee A, Nasri M, Maalej H. Effect of glucose-induced Maillard reaction on physical, structural and antioxidant properties of chitosan derivatives-based films. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 255:117341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Shoueir KR, El-Desouky N, Rashad MM, Ahmed MK, Janowska I, El-Kemary M. Chitosan based-nanoparticles and nanocapsules: Overview, physicochemical features, applications of a nanofibrous scaffold, and bioprinting. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 167:1176-1197. [PMID: 33197477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the synthesis, properties, and applications of chitosan as the second after cellulose available biopolymer in nature were discussed in this review. A general overview of processing and production procedures from A to Z was highlighted. Chitosan exists in three polymorphic forms which differ in degree of crystallinity (α, β, and γ). Thus, the degree of deacetylation, crystallinity, surface area, and molecular mass significantly affect most applications. Otherwise, the synthesis of chitosan nanofibers is suffering from many drawbacks that were recently treated by co-electrospun with other polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and polycaprolactone (PCL). Ultimately, this review focuses on the area of new trend utilization of chitosan nanoparticles as nanospheres and nanocapsules, in cartilage and bone regenerative medicine. Owing to its biocompatibility, bioavailability, biodegradability, and costless synthesis, chitosan is a promising biopolymeric structure for water remediation, drug delivery, antimicrobials, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel R Shoueir
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt; Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), CNRS UMR 7515-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nagwa El-Desouky
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Moataz M Rashad
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - M K Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt
| | - Izabela Janowska
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), CNRS UMR 7515-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maged El-Kemary
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt; Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Deng W, Tang S, Zhou X, Liu Y, Liu S, Luo J. Honeycomb-like structure-tunable chitosan-based porous carbon microspheres for methylene blue efficient removal. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116736. [PMID: 32829856 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) can be used for the preparation of carbon materials with different morphologies due to its excellent properties, but there are no reports on its spherical morphology. In this study, a feasible step-by-step strategy was proposed to fabricate nitrogen-containing chitosan-based porous carbon microspheres (CPCM) in HCl and KOH. The unique spherical morphology and honeycomb-like porous structure of CPCM were accurately regulated. A great quantity of micro/mesopores endowed CPCM an ultra-high specific surface area up to 2463.9 m2 g-1. Moreover, CPCM exhibited an ultra-high maximum adsorption capacity up to 1599.03 mg g-1 for methylene blue (MB), meanwhile the adsorption process was in well agreement with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. It was simultaneously a favorable reusable adsorbent with high regenerative capacity. The high dye adsorption properties suggest that chitosan can be a promising candidate for sewage treatment in the form of carbon microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Deng
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Jiwen Luo
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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