1
|
Xu C, Tong S, Sun L, Gu X. Cellulase immobilization to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: An all-inclusive review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121319. [PMID: 37739542 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Cellulase-mediated lignocellulosic biorefinery plays a crucial role in the production of high-value biofuels and chemicals, with enzymatic hydrolysis being an essential component. The advent of cellulase immobilization has revolutionized this process, significantly enhancing the efficiency, stability, and reusability of cellulase enzymes. This review offers a thorough analysis of the fundamental principles underlying immobilization, encompassing various immobilization approaches such as physical adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment, and cross-linking. Furthermore, it explores a diverse range of carrier materials, including inorganic, organic, and hybrid/composite materials. The review also focuses on emerging approaches like multi-enzyme co-immobilization, oriented immobilization, immobilized enzyme microreactors, and enzyme engineering for immobilization. Additionally, it delves into novel carrier technologies like 3D printing carriers, stimuli-responsive carriers, artificial cellulosomes, and biomimetic carriers. Moreover, the review addresses recent obstacles in cellulase immobilization, including molecular-level immobilization mechanism, diffusion limitations, loss of cellulase activity, cellulase leaching, and considerations of cost-effectiveness and scalability. The knowledge derived from this review is anticipated to catalyze the evolution of more efficient and sustainable biocatalytic systems for lignocellulosic biomass conversion, representing the current state-of-the-art in cellulase immobilization techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Shanshan Tong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Liqun Sun
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Ma X, Ye S, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhong C. Potentiality of low-temperature carbides from excess sludge to recover low-concentration rare earth ions: Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
3
|
Sun C, Meng X, Sun F, Zhang J, Tu M, Chang JS, Reungsang A, Xia A, Ragauskas AJ. Advances and perspectives on mass transfer and enzymatic hydrolysis in the enzyme-mediated lignocellulosic biorefinery: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108059. [PMID: 36402253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis is a critical process for the cellulase-mediated lignocellulosic biorefinery to produce sugar syrups that can be converted into a whole range of biofuels and biochemicals. Such a process operating at high-solid loadings (i.e., scarcely any free water or roughly ≥ 15% solids, w/w) is considered more economically feasible, as it can generate a high sugar concentration at low operation and capital costs. However, this approach remains restricted and incurs "high-solid effects", ultimately causing the lower hydrolysis yields with increasing solid loadings. The lack of available water leads to a highly viscous system with impaired mixing that exhibits strong transfer resistance and reaction limitation imposed on enzyme action. Evidently, high-solid enzymatic hydrolysis involves multi-scale mass transfer and multi-phase enzyme reaction, and thus requires a synergistic perspective of transfer and biotransformation to assess the interactions among water, biomass components, and cellulase enzymes. Porous particle characteristics of biomass and its interface properties determine the water form and distribution state surrounding the particles, which are summarized in this review aiming to identify the water-driven multi-scale/multi-phase bioprocesses. Further aided by the cognition of rheological behavior of biomass slurry, solute transfer theories, and enzyme kinetics, the coupling effects of flow-transfer-reaction are revealed under high-solid conditions. Based on the above basic features, this review lucidly explains the causes of high-solid hydrolysis hindrances, highlights the mismatched issues between transfer and reaction, and more importantly, presents the advanced strategies for transfer and reaction enhancements from the viewpoint of process optimization, reactor design, as well as enzyme/auxiliary additive customization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chihe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of MOE, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Fubao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of MOE, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Maobing Tu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Alissara Reungsang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Joint Institute of Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang C, Tang L, Cui L, Chen S, Liu J, Dong Y. SO 2 Adsorption and Kinetics Analysis during Supported Triethanolamine Acetate Ionic Liquid Desulfurization. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41107-41119. [PMID: 36406586 PMCID: PMC9670701 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquid desulfurization is an effective method for achieving green and circulating desulfurization. To overcome the negative impact of the high viscosity of ionic liquids on the desulfurization process, an economical and efficient supported ionic liquid-triethanolamine acetate ionic liquid/silica (TAIL/SiO2) was prepared in this study. TAIL is synthesized using triethanolamine and acetic acid and subsequently loaded onto silica gel particles. The effects of the reaction temperature, humidity, silica particle size, and loading ratio on SO2 adsorption are investigated using a fixed-bed reactor. The results indicate that the surface of the silica gel loaded with ionic liquid formed uneven spherical clusters, and the aggregate volume increased with an increase in the loading ratio. The TAIL/SiO2 sulfur capacity could be effectively increased by increasing the loading ratio (exceeding 0.74 is unfavorable), decreasing the silica particle size, and reducing the reaction temperature and moisture content. The maximum sulfur capacity can reach 124.98 mg SO2/(g TAIL/SiO2) under experimental conditions, which is higher than that of activated carbon. The Bangham rate model effectively predicts the kinetics of the adsorption process of SO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Wang
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion,
Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization,
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan250100, Shandong, China
| | - Lishu Tang
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion,
Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization,
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan250100, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Cui
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion,
Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization,
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan250100, Shandong, China
| | - Shouyan Chen
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion,
Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization,
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jinglong Liu
- Shandong
Electric Power Research Institute, Jinan250001, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Dong
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion,
Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization,
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan250100, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sadeghi M, Moghimifar Z, Javadian H. Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposite immobilized with cellulase enzyme: Stability determination and biological activity. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
6
|
Sulman AM, Matveeva VG, Bronstein LM. Cellulase Immobilization on Nanostructured Supports for Biomass Waste Processing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3796. [PMID: 36364572 PMCID: PMC9656580 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiocatalysts, i.e., enzymes immobilized on nanostructured supports, received considerable attention because they are potential remedies to overcome shortcomings of traditional biocatalysts, such as low efficiency of mass transfer, instability during catalytic reactions, and possible deactivation. In this short review, we will analyze major aspects of immobilization of cellulase-an enzyme for cellulosic biomass waste processing-on nanostructured supports. Such supports provide high surface areas, increased enzyme loading, and a beneficial environment to enhance cellulase performance and its stability, leading to nanobiocatalysts for obtaining biofuels and value-added chemicals. Here, we will discuss such nanostructured supports as carbon nanotubes, polymer nanoparticles (NPs), nanohydrogels, nanofibers, silica NPs, hierarchical porous materials, magnetic NPs and their nanohybrids, based on publications of the last five years. The use of magnetic NPs is especially favorable due to easy separation and the nanobiocatalyst recovery for a repeated use. This review will discuss methods for cellulase immobilization, morphology of nanostructured supports, multienzyme systems as well as factors influencing the enzyme activity to achieve the highest conversion of cellulosic biowaste into fermentable sugars. We believe this review will allow for an enhanced understanding of such nanobiocatalysts and processes, allowing for the best solutions to major problems of sustainable biorefinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandrina M. Sulman
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina St., 170026 Tver, Russia
| | - Valentina G. Matveeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina St., 170026 Tver, Russia
- Regional Technological Centre, Tver State University, Zhelyabova St., 33, 170100 Tver, Russia
| | - Lyudmila M. Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80303, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li G, Gao X, Qin G, Lei J, Jiang Y, Linghu L, Zhang C, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang M, He Y, Wang G. Purification of biflavonoids from Selaginelladoe derleinii Hieron by special covalent organic polymers material. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1668:462920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
Radiation grafting of 1-vinyl-3-benzylimidazolium chloride onto silanized silica with different pore structures for the removal of ReO4− as an analogue for TcO4−. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
9
|
Abstract
Mesostructured silica nanoparticles offer a unique opportunity in the field of biocatalysis thanks to their outstanding properties. The tunable pore size in the range of mesopores allows for immobilizing bulky enzyme molecules. The large surface area improves the catalytic efficiency by increasing enzyme loading and finely dispersing the biocatalyst molecules. The easily tunable pore morphology allows for creating a proper environment to host an enzyme. The confining effect of mesopores can improve the enzyme stability and its resistance to extreme pH and temperatures. Benefits also arise from other peculiarities of nanoparticles such as Brownian motion and easy dispersion. Fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution have led to the need for alternative sustainable and renewable energy sources such as biofuels. In this context, lignocellulosic biomass has been considered as a strategic fuel source. Cellulases are a class of hydrolytic enzymes that convert cellulose into fermentable sugars. This review is intended to survey the immobilization of cellulolytic enzymes (cellulases and β-glucosidase) onto mesoporous silica nanoparticles and their catalytic performance, with the aim to give a contribution to the urgent action required against climate change and its impacts, by biorefineries’ development.
Collapse
|