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Nakahara Y, Kawaguchi T, Matsuda Y, Endo Y, Date M, Takahashi K, Kato K, Okasora T, Ejima D, Nagaki A. Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Refolding through Flash-Change Reaction Conditions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:8483-8492. [PMID: 38618876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Recombinant protein production is an essential aspect of biopharmaceutical manufacturing, with Escherichia coli serving as a primary host organism. Protein refolding is vital for protein production; however, conventional refolding methods face challenges such as scale-up limitations and difficulties in controlling protein conformational changes on a millisecond scale. In this study, we demonstrate the novel application of flow microreactors (FMR) in controlling protein conformational changes on a millisecond scale, enabling efficient refolding processes and opening up new avenues in the science of FMR technology. FMR technology has been primarily employed for small-molecule synthesis, but our novel approach successfully expands its application to protein refolding, offering precise control of the buffer pH and solvent content. Using interleukin-6 as a model, the system yielded an impressive 96% pure refolded protein and allowed for gram-scale production. This FMR system allows flash changes in the reaction conditions, effectively circumventing protein aggregation during refolding. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use FMR for protein refolding, which offers a more efficient and scalable method for protein production. The study results highlight the utility of the FMR as a high-throughput screening tool for streamlined scale-up and emphasize the importance of understanding and controlling intermediates in the refolding process. The FMR technique offers a promising approach for enhancing protein refolding efficiency and has demonstrated its potential in streamlining the process from laboratory-scale research to industrial-scale production, making it a game-changing technology in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nakahara
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuda
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yuta Endo
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayo Date
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kato
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okasora
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ejima
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
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Jin Z, Wang H, Hu X, Liu Y, Hu Y, Zhao S, Zhu N, Fang Z, Guo K. Anionic polymerizations in a microreactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00360g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anionic polymerizations in a microreactor enable fast mixing, high-level control, and scale-up synthesis of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Huiyue Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Yihuan Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Yujing Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Shuangfei Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
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Frey T, Schlütemann R, Schwarz S, Biessey P, Hoffmann M, Grünewald M, Schlüter M. CFD analysis of asymmetric mixing at different inlet configurations of a split-and-recombine micro mixer. J Flow Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-021-00178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the scope of the ENPRO II initiative (Energy Efficiency and Process Intensification for the Chemical Industry), a major challenge of process intensification of polymer synthesis in continuous systems is fouling. Pre-mixing is a key aspect to prevent fouling and is achieved through milli and micro structured devices (Bayer et al. 1). While equal volume flow ratios are well investigated in milli and micro systems, asymmetric mixing tasks have received less attention. This paper investigates the dependency of mixing phenomena on different flow rate ratios and modified inlet geometries. A split-and-recombine (SAR) mixer is modified by means of an injection capillary to facilitate the asymmetric mixing task. Asymmetric volume flows of ratios between 1:15 and 1:60 are investigated; the velocity ratios range from 0.5 to 2. The setup is simulated with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool ANSYS®;Fluent. The species equation is solved directly without the use of micro mixing models. The simulation is validated by means of a concentration field in a mixing Tee using Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) with a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM). The three dimensional flow structures and the mixing quality are analyzed as a measure for micro mixing. The calculated concentration fields show good agreement with the experimental results and reveal the secondary flow structures and chaotic advection within the channel. The injection of the small feed stream is found to be very efficient when drawn into the secondary structures, increasing the potential of diffusive mixing. CFD simulations help to understand and locate such structures and improve the mixing performance.
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