1
|
Madheswaran DK, Krishna R, Colak I, Saravanan J. Green hydrogen: Paving the way for India's decarbonization revolution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34250-5. [PMID: 38985429 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The potential of green hydrogen to make India self-sufficient and energy-independent is reviewed in this study. We integrated technological advancements, economic analysis, and policy frameworks to provide a comprehensive overview of the green hydrogen landscape in India. This review examines cost reductions in electrolyzer technology, the potential for renewable energy integration, and the socio-economic benefits of green hydrogen adoption. Additionally, the study proposes innovative policy measures tailored to India's unique conditions, such as targeted subsidies and incentives for green hydrogen production and use. The research highlights significant cost reductions and increased renewable power generation as key factors contributing to the economic viability of green hydrogen in India. It underscores the importance of large-scale production and advancements in electrolyzer technology. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the necessity of clear regulatory frameworks, infrastructure development, and financing to support the deployment of a green hydrogen economy in India. By implementing a strategic roadmap for green hydrogen, India can reduce its reliance on fossil fuels, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and become a major player in the global green hydrogen market. The proposed policy measures and technological advancements are crucial for successfully adopting and deploying green hydrogen, ensuring energy self-sufficiency and long-term economic sustainability for India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Madheswaran
- Green Vehicle Technology Research Centre, Department of Automobile Engineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ram Krishna
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Ilhami Colak
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jegadheeshwari Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jain R, Panwar NL, Chitranjan Agarwal, Guta T. A comprehensive review on unleashing the power of hydrogen: revolutionizing energy systems for a sustainable future. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33541-1. [PMID: 38703313 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Population growth and environmental degradation are major concerns for sustainable development worldwide. Hydrogen is a clean and eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels, with a heating value almost three times higher than other fossil fuels. It also has a clean production process, which helps to reduce the emission of hazardous pollutants and save the environment. Among the various production methodologies described in this review, biochemical production of hydrogen is considered more suitable as it uses waste organic matter instead of fossil fuels. This technology not only produces clean energy but also helps to manage waste more efficiently. However, the production of hydrogen obtained from this method is currently more expensive due to its early stage of development. Nevertheless, various research projects are underway to develop this method on a commercial scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Jain
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Narayan Lal Panwar
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India.
| | - Chitranjan Agarwal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Trilok Guta
- Department of Civil Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gupta P, Toksha B, Rahaman M. A Critical Review on Hydrogen Based Fuel Cell Technology and Applications. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300295. [PMID: 37772671 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The research in energy storage and conversion is playing a critical role in energy policy as the innovation and technological progress are essential for achieving the energy transition and climate neutrality goals. Hydrogen Fuel Cell technology is considered a strategic element in the pursuit of sustainable and clean energy solutions. This technology is increasingly gaining attention in recent years as a potential substitute to conventional non-renewable energy sources. Fuel cell technology can be employed for domestic/commercial use along with powering the transportation sector which currently employs the use of conventional battery systems. However, these systems pose severe limitations with respect to longer charging times and limited distance range. This review article aims at providing a comprehensive methodical overview of hydrogen-based fuel cell technology along with key concepts, present day scenarios, including overview of the market and industry trends, government policies and initiatives, along with major stakeholders involved in scaling up the technology for mass consumption. The outlook of fuel cells, including their capability to revolutionise the energy sector is discussed. The technological advancements and breakthroughs on the horizon along with the challenges and safety concerns related to the widespread acceptance of fuel cells are analysed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Gupta
- MIT - Centre for Advanced Materials Research and Technology, Department of Plastic and Polymer Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, 431010, India
| | - Bhagwan Toksha
- MIT - Centre for Advanced Materials Research and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, 431010, India
| | - Mostafizur Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sarmah MK, Singh TP, Kalita P, Dewan A. Sustainable hydrogen generation and storage - a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25253-25275. [PMID: 37622026 PMCID: PMC10445477 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04148d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In 21st century, the energy demand has grown incredibly due to globalization, human population explosion and growing megacities. This energy demand is being mostly fulfilled by fossil-based sources, which are non-renewable and a major cause of global warming. Energy from these fossil-based sources is cheaper, however challenges exist in terms of climate change. This makes renewable energy sources more promising and viable for the future. Hydrogen is a promising renewable energy carrier for fulfilling the increasing energy demand due to its high energy density, non-toxic and environment friendly characteristics. It is a non-toxic energy carrier as combustion of hydrogen produces water as the byproduct whereas other conventional fuels produce harmful gases and carcinogens. Because of its lighter weight, hydrogen leaks are also easily dispersed in the atmosphere. Hydrogen is one of the most abundant elements on Earth, yet it is not readily available in nature like other fossil fuels. Hence, it is a secondary energy source and hydrogen needs to be produced from water or biomass-based feedstock for it to be considered renewable and sustainable. This paper reviews the renewable hydrogen generation pathways such as water splitting, thermochemical conversion of biomass and biological conversion technologies. Purification and storage technologies of hydrogen is also discussed. The paper also discusses the hydrogen economy and future prospects from an Indian context. Hydrogen purification is necessary because of high purity requirements in particular applications like space, fuel cells etc. Various applications of hydrogen are also addressed and a cost comparison of various hydrogen generation technologies is also analyzed. In conclusion, this study can assist researchers in getting a better grasp of various renewable hydrogen generation pathways, it's purification and storage technologies along with applications of hydrogen in understanding the hydrogen economy and its future prospect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Kumar Sarmah
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati India
| | - Tej Pratap Singh
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi India
| | - Pankaj Kalita
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati India
| | - Anupam Dewan
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dey S, Chaudhary S, Parvatalu D, Mukhopadhyay M, Sharma AD, Mukhopadhyay J. Advancing Electrode Properties through Functionalization for Solid Oxide Cells Application: A Review. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201222. [PMID: 36621811 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen energy has emerged as the only renewable which is capable of sustaining the prevalent energy crisis in conjunction with other intermittent sources. In this connection, solid oxide cell (SOC) is the most sustainable solid-state devices capable of recycling and reproducing green hydrogen fuel. It is operable in reversible modes viz, fuel cell (FC) and electrolysis cell (EC). SOC is capable of engaging multiple fuels thereby promoting carbon neutral planet. The all-solid design further augments the optimization of cost, efficiency, durability and endurance at higher temperature. Electrodes are therefore, an important component which is responsible for electrocatalytic processing of fuel and oxidant for higher recyclability of cell/stack. The present review article embarks a detailed overview on the past and present status of electrode composition, heterointerface engineering applicable for SOC's. Recent trends in electrode engineering and the possibilities for advancement in SOC is also reviewed with respect to both experimental and computational aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoroshi Dey
- Energy Materials & Devices Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, 700 032, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Gaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Saroj Chaudhary
- ONGC Energy Research Centre Trust (OECT), IEOT Complex, Energy Centre, Phase -II, Panvel, District, Raigad, 410221, India
| | - Damaraju Parvatalu
- ONGC Energy Research Centre Trust (OECT), IEOT Complex, Energy Centre, Phase -II, Panvel, District, Raigad, 410221, India
| | - Madhumita Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT), West Bengal, Haringhata, 741249, India
| | - Abhijit Das Sharma
- Energy Materials & Devices Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, 700 032, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Gaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jayanta Mukhopadhyay
- Energy Materials & Devices Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, 700 032, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Gaziabad, 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aluminium foil-assisted NaBH4 reduced TiO2 with surface defects for photocatalytic degradation of toxic fuchsin basic dye. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Abstract
Nowadays, the combustion of fossil fuels for transportation has a major negative impact on the environment. All nations are concerned with environmental safety and the regulation of pollution, motivating researchers across the world to find an alternate transportation fuel. The transition of the transportation sector towards sustainability for environmental safety can be achieved by the manifestation and commercialization of clean hydrogen fuel. Hydrogen fuel for sustainable mobility has its own effectiveness in terms of its generation and refueling processes. As the fuel requirement of vehicles cannot be anticipated because it depends on its utilization, choosing hydrogen refueling and onboard generation can be a point of major concern. This review article describes the present status of hydrogen fuel utilization with a particular focus on the transportation industry. The advantages of onboard hydrogen generation and refueling hydrogen for internal combustion are discussed. In terms of performance, affordability, and lifetime, onboard hydrogen-generating subsystems must compete with what automobile manufacturers and consumers have seen in modern vehicles to date. In internal combustion engines, hydrogen has various benefits in terms of combustive properties, but it needs a careful engine design to avoid anomalous combustion, which is a major difficulty with hydrogen engines. Automobile makers and buyers will not invest in fuel cell technology until the technologies that make up the various components of a fuel cell automobile have advanced to acceptable levels of cost, performance, reliability, durability, and safety. Above all, a substantial advancement in the fuel cell stack is required.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu H, Shen Q, Dong J, Zhang G, Sun F, Li R. Anion-regulated cobalt coordination polymer: Construction, electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and L-cysteine electrochemical sensing. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
9
|
Microalgal Biorefinery Concepts’ Developments for Biofuel and Bioproducts: Current Perspective and Bottlenecks. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052623. [PMID: 35269768 PMCID: PMC8910654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have received much interest as a biofuel feedstock. However, the economic feasibility of biofuel production from microalgae does not satisfy capital investors. Apart from the biofuels, it is necessary to produce high-value co-products from microalgae fraction to satisfy the economic aspects of microalgae biorefinery. In addition, microalgae-based wastewater treatment is considered as an alternative for the conventional wastewater treatment in terms of energy consumption, which is suitable for microalgae biorefinery approaches. The energy consumption of a microalgae wastewater treatment system (0.2 kW/h/m3) was reduced 10 times when compared to the conventional wastewater treatment system (to 2 kW/h/m3). Microalgae are rich in various biomolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, pigments, vitamins, and antioxidants; all these valuable products can be utilized by nutritional, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. There are several bottlenecks associated with microalgae biorefinery. Hence, it is essential to promote the sustainability of microalgal biorefinery with innovative ideas to produce biofuel with high-value products. This review attempted to bring out the trends and promising solutions to realize microalgal production of multiple products at an industrial scale. New perspectives and current challenges are discussed for the development of algal biorefinery concepts.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
A number of technological challenges need to be overcome if algae are to be utilized for commercial fuel production. Current economic assessment is largely based on laboratory scale up or commercial systems geared to the production of high value products, since no industrial scale plant exits that are dedicated to algal biofuel. For macroalgae (‘seaweeds’), the most promising processes are anaerobic digestion for biomethane production and fermentation for bioethanol, the latter with levels exceeding those from sugar cane. Currently, both processes could be enhanced by increasing the rate of degradation of the complex polysaccharide cell walls to generate fermentable sugars using specifically tailored hydrolytic enzymes. For microalgal biofuel production, open raceway ponds are more cost-effective than photobioreactors, with CO2 and harvesting/dewatering costs estimated to be ~50% and up to 15% of total costs, respectively. These costs need to be reduced by an order of magnitude if algal biodiesel is to compete with petroleum. Improved economics could be achieved by using a low-cost water supply supplemented with high glucose and nutrients from food grade industrial wastewater and using more efficient flocculation methods and CO2 from power plants. Solar radiation of not <3000 h·yr−1 favours production sites 30° north or south of the equator and should use marginal land with flat topography near oceans. Possible geographical sites are discussed. In terms of biomass conversion, advances in wet technologies such as hydrothermal liquefaction, anaerobic digestion, and transesterification for algal biodiesel are presented and how these can be integrated into a biorefinery are discussed.
Collapse
|
11
|
Catone CM, Ripa M, Geremia E, Ulgiati S. Bio-products from algae-based biorefinery on wastewater: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112792. [PMID: 34058450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing resource demand, predicted fossil resources shortage in the near future, and environmental concerns due to the production of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide have motivated the search for alternative 'circular' pathways. Among many options, microalgae have been recently 'revised' as one of the most promising due to their high growth rate (with low land use and without competing with food crops), high tolerance to nutrients and salts stresses and their variability in biochemical composition, in so allowing the supply of a plethora of possible bio-based products such as animal feeds, chemicals and biofuels. The recent raising popularity of Circular Bio-Economy (CBE) further prompted investment in microalgae, especially in combination with wastewater treatment, under the twofold aim of allowing the production of a wide range of bio-based products while bioremediating wastewater. With the aim of discussing the potential bio-products that may be gained from microalgae grown on urban wastewater, this paper presents an overview on microalgae production with particular emphasis on the main microalgae species suitable for growth on wastewater and the obtainable bio-based products from them. By selecting and reviewing 76 articles published in Scopus between 1992 and 2020, a number of interesting aspects, including the selection of algal species suitable for growing on urban wastewater, wastewater pretreatment and algal-bacterial cooperation, were carefully reviewed and discussed in this work. In this review, particular emphasis is placed on understanding of the main mechanisms driving formation of microalgal products (such as biofuels, biogas, etc.) and how they are affected by different environmental factors in selected species. Lastly, the quantitative information gathered from the articles were used to estimate the potential benefits gained from microalgae grown on urban wastewater in Campania Region, a region sometimes criticized for poor wastewater management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Catone
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - M Ripa
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - E Geremia
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - S Ulgiati
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy; School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Filippov SP, Yaroslavtsev AB. Hydrogen energy: development prospects and materials. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
13
|
Abstract
The preparation of tungsten oxide (WO3) thin film by direct current (DC) reactive sputtering magnetron method and its photoelectrocatalytic properties for water oxidation reaction are investigated using ultraviolet-visible radiation. The structural, morphological, and compositional properties of WO3 are fine-tuned by controlling thin film deposition time, and post-annealing temperature and environment. The findings suggest that the band gap of WO3 can be controlled by adjusting the post-annealing temperature; the band gap decreased from 3.2 to 2.7 eV by increasing the annealing temperature from 100 to 600 °C. The theoretical calculations of the WO3 bandgap and the density of state are performed by density functional theory (DFT). Following the band gap modification, the photoelectrocatalytic activity increased and the maximum photocurrent (0.9 mA/cm2 at 0.6 VSCE) is recorded with WO3 film heated at 500 °C. The WO3 film heated under air exhibits much better performance in photoelectrochemical water oxidation process than that of annealed under inert atmosphere, due to its structural variation. The change in sputtering time leads to the formation of WO3 with varying film thickness, and the maximum photocurrent is observed when the film thickness is approximately 150 nm. The electrical conductivity and charge transfer resistance are measured and correlated to the properties and the performance of the WO3 photoelectrodes. In addition, the WO3 photoelectrode exhibits excellent photoelectrochemical stability.
Collapse
|
14
|
Jokar F, Nguyen DD, Pourkhalil M, Pirouzfar V. Effect of Single‐ and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes with Activated Carbon on Hydrogen Storage. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Jokar
- Islamic Azad University Department of Chemical Engineering Central Tehran Branch Tehran Iran
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Duy Tan University Institute of Research and Development 550000 Da Nang Vietnam
- Kyonggi University Department of Environmental Energy Engineering Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Mahnaz Pourkhalil
- Research Institute of Petroleum Industry Nanotechnology Research Center P.O. Box 14665–61998 Tehran Iran
| | - Vahid Pirouzfar
- Islamic Azad University Department of Chemical Engineering Central Tehran Branch Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Goswami RK, Mehariya S, Obulisamy PK, Verma P. Advanced microalgae-based renewable biohydrogen production systems: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124301. [PMID: 33152683 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The reliance of fossil fuel for industrial and energy sectors has resulted in its depletion. Therefore, enormous efforts have been considered to move-out from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources based industrial process developments. Recently, biohydrogen (bio-H2) has been recognised as a clean source of fuel with high-energy efficiency, which can be produced via different routes. Among them, biological fermentation processes are highly recommended due to eco-friendly and economically viable approaches compared to that of thermochemical processes. However, the low H2 yield and high production cost are major bottlenecks for commercial scale operations. Thus, this review proposed an integrated microalgae-based H2 production process, which will provides a possible route for commercialization in near future. Furthermore, process integration to improve efficiency and implementation of advanced strategies for the enhancement of bio-H2 production, economic viability, and future research needs are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Goswami
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjeet Mehariya
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Italy
| | | | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|