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Ma Y, Shi C, Du J, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Wang Q, Liu N. The key role of unsaturated olefin content on polysulfides prepared via inverse vulcanization of waste plant oils for mercury removal from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:19753-19763. [PMID: 38363504 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Three waste plant oils (olive oil, coconut oil, and soybean oil) were utilized as monomer crosslinking agents to synthesize polysulfides by inverse vulcanization with elemental sulfur, for mercury removal from wastewater. NMR analysis showed that 92.1% of the olefins participated in the inverse vulcanization reaction, indicating that the quantity of unsaturated olefins in plant oil mainly affects the ring-opening ratio of sulfur for the formation of sulfur-based polymers. The experimental results showed that olive oil polysulfide (S-r-olive) achieved 100% Hg2+ removal within 2 h at a pH of 6. The S-r-olive, S-r-soybean, and S-r-coconut exhibited adsorption capacities of 130.23, 42.72, and 28.08 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic and adsorption isotherm illustrated that the Hg2+ adsorption by polysulfides conformed to the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models, showing that the reaction rate constant of S-r-olive is approximately 14 times and 4.6 times greater than that of S-r-soybean and S-r-coconut, respectively. The adsorption mechanism is concluded that Hg2+ first enters the suspended S-r-olive by physical adsorption, then combined with sulfur to form HgS by chemical action and fixed in the S-r-olive adsorbent. This study demonstrates that utilizing waste plant oils as monomer crosslinking agents to synthesize adsorbents for Hg2+ removal is feasible and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Ma
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Chaobin Shi
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianghui Du
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zejun Zhu
- Ecological Environmental Monitoring and Security Center of Henan, No. 10, Xueli Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Nan Liu
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Nayeem A, Ali MF, Shariffuddin JH. The recent development of inverse vulcanized polysulfide as an alternative adsorbent for heavy metal removal in wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114306. [PMID: 36191616 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inverse vulcanized polysulfides have been used as low-cost and effective adsorbents to remediate heavy metals in wastewater. Inverse vulcanization introduces sustainable polysulfide synthesis by solving the rapid desulfurization problem of unstable polysulfides, and provides superior performance compared to conventional commercial adsorbents. The review discussed the brief applications of the inverse vulcanized polysulfides to remove heavy metal wastewater and emphasized the modified synthesis processes for enhanced uptake ratios. The characteristics of polysulfide adsorbents, which play a vital role during the removal process are highlighted with a proper discussion of the interaction between metal ions and polysulfides. The review paper concludes with remarks on the future outlook of these low-cost adsorbents with high selectivity to heavy metals. These polysulfide adsorbents can be prepared using a wide variety of crosslinker monomers including organic hydrocarbons, cooking oils, and agro-based waste materials. They have shown good surface area and excellent metal-binding capabilities compared to the commercially available adsorbents. Proper postmodification processes have enabled the benefits of repetitive uses of the polysulfide adsorbents. The improved surface area obtained by appropriate choice of crosslinkers, modified synthesis techniques, and regeneration through post-modification has made inverse vulcanized polysulfides capable of removing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Nayeem
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Faizal Ali
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Jun Haslinda Shariffuddin
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia; Centre for Sustainability of Ecosystem & Earth Resources, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia.
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