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Hellmann A, Neusser G, Daboss S, Elnagar MM, Liessem J, Mitoraj D, Beranek R, Arbault S, Kranz C. Pt-Black-Modified (Hemi)spherical AFM Sensors: In Situ Imaging of Light-Driven Hydrogen Peroxide Evolution. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3308-3317. [PMID: 38354051 PMCID: PMC10902814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we present (hemi)spherical atomic force microscopy (AFM) sensors for the detection of hydrogen peroxide. Platinum-black (Pt-B) was electrodeposited onto conductive colloidal AFM probes or directly at recessed microelectrodes located at the end of a tipless cantilever, resulting in electrocatalytically active cantilever-based sensors that have a small geometric area but, due to the porosity of the films, exhibit a large electroactive surface area. Focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy tomography revealed the porous 3D structure of the deposited Pt-B. Given the accurate positioning capability of AFM, these probes are suitable for local in situ sensing of hydrogen peroxide and at the same time can be used for (electrochemical) force spectroscopy measurements. Detection limits for hydrogen peroxide in the nanomolar range (LOD = 68 ± 7 nM) were obtained. Stability test and first in situ proof-of-principle experiments to achieve the electrochemical imaging of hydrogen peroxide generated at a microelectrode and at photocatalytically active structured poly(heptazine imide) films are demonstrated. Force spectroscopic data of the photocatalyst films were recorded in ambient conditions, in solution, and by applying a potential, which demonstrates the versatility of these novel Pt-B-modified spherical AFM probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hellmann
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gregor Neusser
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Daboss
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Mohamed M. Elnagar
- Institute
of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Liessem
- Institute
of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Dariusz Mitoraj
- Institute
of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Radim Beranek
- Institute
of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Univ.
Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5248, CBMN, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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2
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Ronchi C, Galli C, Tullii G, Marzuoli C, Mazzola M, Malferrari M, Crasto S, Rapino S, Di Pasquale E, Antognazza MR. Nongenetic Optical Modulation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived Cardiomyocytes Function in the Red Spectral Range. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304303. [PMID: 37948328 PMCID: PMC10797444 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical stimulation in the red/near infrared range recently gained increasing interest, as a not-invasive tool to control cardiac cell activity and repair in disease conditions. Translation of this approach to therapy is hampered by scarce efficacy and selectivity. The use of smart biocompatible materials, capable to act as local, NIR-sensitive interfaces with cardiac cells, may represent a valuable solution, capable to overcome these limitations. In this work, a far red-responsive conjugated polymer, namely poly[2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl[4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl]] (PCPDTBT) is proposed for the realization of photoactive interfaces with cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-CMs). Optical excitation of the polymer turns into effective ionic and electrical modulation of hPSC-CMs, in particular by fastening Ca2+ dynamics, inducing action potential shortening, accelerating the spontaneous beating frequency. The involvement in the phototransduction pathway of Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA) and Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is proven by pharmacological assays and is correlated with physical/chemical processes occurring at the polymer surface upon photoexcitation. Very interestingly, an antiarrhythmogenic effect, unequivocally triggered by polymer photoexcitation, is also observed. Overall, red-light excitation of conjugated polymers may represent an unprecedented opportunity for fine control of hPSC-CMs functionality and can be considered as a perspective, noninvasive approach to treat arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Ronchi
- Center for Nano Science and TechnologyIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaMilano20133Italy
| | - Camilla Galli
- Humanitas Cardio CenterIRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalVia Manzoni 56RozzanoMilan20089Italy
| | - Gabriele Tullii
- Center for Nano Science and TechnologyIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaMilano20133Italy
| | - Camilla Marzuoli
- Center for Nano Science and TechnologyIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaMilano20133Italy
- Politecnico di MilanoPhysics Dept.P.zza L. Da Vinci 32Milano20133Italy
| | - Marta Mazzola
- Humanitas Cardio CenterIRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalVia Manzoni 56RozzanoMilan20089Italy
| | - Marco Malferrari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna‘‘Giacomo Ciamician,’’via Francesco Selmi 2Bologna40126Italy
| | - Silvia Crasto
- Humanitas Cardio CenterIRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalVia Manzoni 56RozzanoMilan20089Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna‘‘Giacomo Ciamician,’’via Francesco Selmi 2Bologna40126Italy
| | - Elisa Di Pasquale
- Humanitas Cardio CenterIRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalVia Manzoni 56RozzanoMilan20089Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB)UOS of Milan—National Research Council of Italy (CNR)Milan20138Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and TechnologyIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaMilano20133Italy
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3
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Colin C, Levallois P, Botsos-Margerit U, Clément F, Zigah D, Arbault S. Easy cleaning plus stable activation of glassy carbon electrode surface by oxygen plasma. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 154:108551. [PMID: 37677984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Glassy carbon (GC) electrodes are widely used in electroanalytical applications especially in bioelectrochemistry. Their use starts with an efficient surface cleaning and activation protocol, mostly based on surface polishing steps. We studied the use of an oxygen plasma exposure of GC electrodes to replace common polishing procedures. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) responses of ferrocyanide and ferrocene-dimethanol were used to compare brand new, surface-polished and plasma-treated GC electrodes. Plasma treatment induces CV responses with improved features, close to theoretical values, as compared to other methods. The plasma effects were quasi-stable over a week when electrodes were stored in water, this being explained by increased surface energy and hydrophilicity. Furthermore, when electroreduction of diazonium was performed on GC electrodes, the surface blockade could be removed by the plasma. Thus, a short oxygen plasma treatment is prone to replace polishing protocols, that display person-dependent efficiency, in most of the experiments with GC electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Colin
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Pierre Levallois
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | | | - Franck Clément
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR 5254, 64600 Anglet, France
| | - Dodzi Zigah
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France; Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers, CNRS, F-86073 Poitiers, France.
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, F-33600 Pessac, France.
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4
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Girard-Sahun F, Lefrançois P, Badets V, Arbault S, Clement F. Direct Sensing of Superoxide and Its Relatives Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Phosphate Buffers during Cold Atmospheric Plasmas Exposures. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5555-5565. [PMID: 35343678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at sensing in situ reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and specifically superoxide anion (O2•-) in aqueous buffer solutions exposed to cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs). CAPs were generated by ionizing He gas shielded with variable N2/O2 mixtures. Thanks to ultramicroelectrodes protected against the high electric fields transported by the ionization waves of CAPs, the production of superoxide and several RONS was electrochemically directly detected in liquids during their plasma exposure. Complementarily, optical emissive spectroscopy (OES) was used to study the plasma phase composition and its correlation with the chemistry in the exposed liquid. The specific production of O2•-, a biologically reactive redox species, was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), in both alkaline (pH 11), where the species is fairly stable, and physiological (pH 7.4) conditions, where it is unstable. To understand its generation with respect to the plasma chemistry, we varied the shielding gas composition of CAPs to directly impact on the RONS composition at the plasma-liquid interface. We observed that the production and accumulation of RONS in liquids, including O2•-, depends on the plasma composition, with N2-based shieldings providing the highest superoxide concentrations (few 10s of micromolar at most) and of its derivatives (hundreds of micromolar). In situ spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses provide a high resolution kinetic and quantitative understanding of the interactions between CAPs and physiological solutions for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Girard-Sahun
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR 5254, 64600 Anglet, France.,Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, NSysA group, F-33402 Talence France
| | - Pauline Lefrançois
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, NSysA group, F-33402 Talence France
| | - Vasilica Badets
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, NSysA group, F-33402 Talence France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, NSysA group, F-33402 Talence France.,Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, MSB group, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Franck Clement
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR 5254, 64600 Anglet, France
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5
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Lefrançois P, Santolini J, Arbault S. Electroanalysis at a Single Giant Vesicle Generating Enzymatically a Reactive Oxygen Species. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13143-13151. [PMID: 34546719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the framework of artificial or synthetic cell development, giant liposomes are common basic structures. Their enclosed membrane allows encapsulating proteins, DNA, reactants, etc., while its phospholipid nature allows some exchanges with the surrounding medium. Biochemical reactions induced inside giant liposomes or vesicles are often monitored or imaged by fluorescence microscopy techniques. Here, we show that electrochemistry performed with ultramicroelectrodes is perfectly suitable to monitor an enzymatic reaction occurring in a single giant unilamellar vesicle. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was microinjected inside individual vesicles containing 1 mM glucose. H2O2 was thus generated in the vesicle and progressively diffused across the membrane toward the surrounding environment. An ultramicroelectrode sensitive to H2O2 (black platinum-modified carbon surface) was placed next to the membrane and provided a direct detection of the hydrogen peroxide flux generated by the enzyme activity. Electrochemistry offered a highly sensitive (in situ detection), selective (potential applied at the electrode), time-resolved analysis (chronoamperometry) of the GOx activity over an hour duration, without modifying the internal giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV) medium. These results demonstrate that electroanalysis with microsensors is well adapted and complementary to fluorescence microscopy to sense enzymatic activities, for instance, generating reactive oxygen species, at single vesicles further used to develop artificial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Lefrançois
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 CNRS, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Jérôme Santolini
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Saclay, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 CNRS, F-33400 Talence, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248 CNRS, F-33600 Pessac, France
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6
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Lefrançois P, Girard‐Sahun F, Badets V, Clément F, Arbault S. Electroactivity of Superoxide Anion in Aqueous Phosphate Buffers Analyzed with Platinized Microelectrodes. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Lefrançois
- Univ. Bordeaux Bordeaux INP CNRS UMR 5255 ISM, groupe NSysA 33400 Talence France
- Department of Biochemistry University of Groningen Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Fanny Girard‐Sahun
- Univ. Bordeaux Bordeaux INP CNRS UMR 5255 ISM, groupe NSysA 33400 Talence France
- UPPA IPREM CNRS UMR 5254 2 avenue Président Angot 64000 Pau France
- Chemistry Department University of Antwerp Campus Drie Eiken Universiteitsplein 1 Belgium
| | - Vasilica Badets
- Univ. Bordeaux Bordeaux INP CNRS UMR 5255 ISM, groupe NSysA 33400 Talence France
- University of Strasbourg Chemistry Institute UMR CNRS 7177 4 rue Blaise Pascal CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg cedex France
| | - Franck Clément
- UPPA IPREM CNRS UMR 5254 2 avenue Président Angot 64000 Pau France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Univ. Bordeaux Bordeaux INP CNRS UMR 5255 ISM, groupe NSysA 33400 Talence France
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7
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Hellmann A, Daboss S, Zink F, Hartmann C, Radermacher P, Kranz C. Electrocatalytically modified microelectrodes for the detection of hydrogen peroxide at blood cells from swine with induced trauma. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Electrochemical monitoring of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and redox balance in living cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4365-4374. [PMID: 31011787 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in cells and cell redox balance are of great interest in live cells as they are correlated to several pathological and physiological conditions of living cells. ROS and RNS detection is limited due to their spatially restricted abundance: they are usually located in sub-cellular areas (e.g., in specific organelles) at low concentration. In this work, we will review and highlight the electrochemical approach to this bio-analytical issue. Combining electrochemical methods and miniaturization strategies, specific, highly sensitive, time, and spatially resolved measurements of cellular oxidative stress and redox balance analysis are possible. Graphical abstract In this work, we highlight and review the use of electrochemistry for the highly spatial and temporal resolved detection of ROS/RNS levels and of redox balance in living cells. These levels are central in several pathological and physiological conditions and the electrochemical approach is a vibrant bio-analytical trend in this field.
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Gao Y, Xu W, Mason B, Oakes KD, Zhang X. Anion-exchange membrane-separated electrochemical cells enable the use of sacrificial anodes for hydrogen peroxide detection with enhanced dynamic ranges. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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