1
|
Ye L, Qi S, Cheng T, Jiang Y, Feng Z, Wang M, Liu Y, Dai L, Wang L, He Z. Vanadium Redox Flow Battery: Review and Perspective of 3D Electrodes. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18852-18869. [PMID: 38993077 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) has garnered significant attention due to its potential for facilitating the cost-effective utilization of renewable energy and large-scale power storage. However, the limited electrochemical activity of the electrode in vanadium redox reactions poses a challenge in achieving a high-performance VRFB. Consequently, there is a pressing need to assess advancements in electrodes to inspire innovative approaches for enhancing electrode structure and composition. This work categorizes three-dimensional (3D) electrodes derived from materials such as foam, biomass, and electrospun fibers. By employing a flexible electrode design and compositional functionalization, high-speed mass transfer channels and abundant active sites for vanadium redox reactions can be created. Furthermore, the incorporation of 3D electrocatalysts into the electrodes is discussed, including metal-based, carbon-based, and composite materials. The strong interaction and ordered arrangement of these nanocomposites have an influence on the uniformity and stability of the surface charge distribution, thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of the composite electrodes. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of VRFB are explored through advancements in 3D electrodes, 3D electrocatalysts, and mechanisms. It is hoped that this review will inspire the development of methodology and concept of 3D electrodes in VRFB, so as to promote the future development of scientific energy storage and conversion technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Shaotian Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Tukang Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Yingqiao Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Zemin Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongguang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Lei Dai
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Zhangxing He
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Agarwal H, Roy E, Singh N, Klusener PA, Stephens RM, Zhou QT. Electrode Treatments for Redox Flow Batteries: Translating Our Understanding from Vanadium to Aqueous-Organic. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307209. [PMID: 37973559 PMCID: PMC10767411 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a promising technology for long-duration energy storage; but they suffer from inefficiencies in part due to the overvoltages at the electrode surface. In this work, more than 70 electrode treatments are reviewed that are previously shown to reduce the overvoltages and improve performance for vanadium RFBs (VRFBs), the most commercialized RFB technology. However, identifying treatments that improve performance the most and whether they are industrially implementable is challenging. This study attempts to address this challenge by comparing treatments under similar operating conditions and accounting for the treatment process complexity. The different treatments are compared at laboratory and industrial scale based on criteria for VRFB performance, treatment stability, economic feasibility, and ease of industrial implementation. Thermal, plasma, electrochemical oxidation, CO2 treatments, as well as Bi, Ag, and Cu catalysts loaded on electrodes are identified as the most promising for adoption in large scale VRFBs. The similarity in electrode treatments for aqueous-organic RFBs (AORFBs) and VRFBs is also identified. The need of standardization in RFBs testing along with fundamental studies to understand charge transfer reactions in redox active species used in RFBs moving forward is emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Agarwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Catalysis Science and Technology InstituteUniversity of Michigan Ann ArborAnn ArborMI48109‐2136USA
- Shell International Exploration and Production Inc.3333 Highway 6 SouthHoustonTX77082USA
| | - Esha Roy
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V. Energy Transition Campus AmsterdamGrasweg 31Amsterdam1031 HWThe Netherlands
| | - Nirala Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Catalysis Science and Technology InstituteUniversity of Michigan Ann ArborAnn ArborMI48109‐2136USA
| | - Peter A.A. Klusener
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V. Energy Transition Campus AmsterdamGrasweg 31Amsterdam1031 HWThe Netherlands
| | - Ryan M. Stephens
- Shell International Exploration and Production Inc.3333 Highway 6 SouthHoustonTX77082USA
| | - Qin Tracy Zhou
- Shell International Exploration and Production Inc.3333 Highway 6 SouthHoustonTX77082USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu M, Fang M, Nan M, Chen X, Ma X. Recent Advances for Electrode Modifications in Flow Batteries: Properties, Mechanisms, and Outlooks. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201242. [PMID: 36644999 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Flow batteries (FBs) have been demonstrated in several large-scale energy storage projects, and are considered to be the preferred technique for large-scale long-term energy storage in terms of their high safety, environmental friendliness, and long life, including all-vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) and Fe-Cr flow batteries (ICFBs). As the electrochemical reaction site, the electrode parameters, such as the specific surface area, active site, and so on, have a significant impact on the flow battery performance and reliability. Extensive research has been carried out on electrode modification to improve the current density and energy efficiency of the FBs. In this review, the reaction mechanisms of VFBs and ICFBs are discussed in detail firstly, and then the electrodes modification methods are overviewed and summarized from four aspects: self-modification, carbon-based electrocatalysts, metal-based electrocatalysts and composite electrocatalysts. Finally, the recent catalytic mechanism, in situ characterization technology, and future research directions are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, P. R China
| | - Maolin Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, P. R China
| | - Mingjun Nan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, P. R China
| | - Xiangnan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, P. R China
| | - Xiangkun Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, P. R China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tungsten oxide/fullerene-based nanocomposites as electrocatalysts and parasitic reactions inhibitors for VO 2+/VO 2+ in mixed-acids. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14348. [PMID: 35999244 PMCID: PMC9399084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The relatively high cost of all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) limits their widespread deployment. Enhancing the kinetics of the electrochemical reactions is needed to increase the power density and energy efficiency of the VRFB, and hence decrease the kWh cost of VRFBs. In this work, hydrothermally synthesized hydrated tungsten oxide (HWO) nanoparticles, C76, and C76/HWO were deposited on carbon cloth electrodes and tested as electrocatalysts for the VO2+/VO2+ redox reactions. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM,), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and contact angle measurements were used to characterize the electrodes’ material. The addition of the C76 fullerene to HWO was found to boost the electrode kinetics towards the VO2+/VO2+ redox reaction, by enhancing the conductivity and providing oxygenated functional groups at its surface. A composite of HWO/C76 (50 wt% C76) was found to be the optimum for the VO2+/VO2+ reaction, showing a ΔEp of 176 mV, compared to 365 mV in the case of untreated carbon cloth (UCC). Besides, HWO/C76 composites showed a significant inhibition effect for the parasitic chlorine evolution reaction due to the W-OH functional groups.
Collapse
|
5
|
Thermo-electro-rheological behaviour of vanadium electrolyte-based electrochemical graphene oxide nanofluid designed for redox flow battery. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
6
|
Leuaa P, Priyadarshani D, Tripathi AK, Neergat M. What decides the kinetics of V2+/V3+ and VO2+/VO2+ redox reactions – Surface functional groups or roughness? J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Etesami M, Abouzari-Lotf E, Sha'rani SS, Miyake M, Moozarm Nia P, Ripin A, Ahmad A. Self-assembled heteropolyacid on nitrogen-enriched carbon nanofiber for vanadium flow batteries. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13212-13222. [PMID: 29971298 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02450b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel polyoxometalate-based electrode was developed by incorporating phosphotungstic acid (PWA) in nylon-6,6 nanofiber, followed by carbonization. The developed PWA-carbon nanofiber (PWA-CNF) showed the characteristics of the dual-scale porosity of micro- and mesoporous substrate with surface area of around 684 m2 g-1. The compound exhibited excellent stability in vanadium electrolyte and battery cycling. Evaluation of electrocatalytic properties toward V2+/V3+ and VO2+/VO2+ redox couples indicated promising advantages in electron transfer kinetics and increasing energy efficiency, particularly for the VO2+/VO2+ couple. Moreover, the developed electrode exhibited substantially improved energy efficiency (14% higher than that of pristine carbon felt) in the single cell vanadium redox flow battery. This outstanding performance was attributed to high surface area and abundant oxygen-containing linkages in the developed electrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Etesami
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|